Stroke Recovery: Surprising Influences and Residual Consequences
Open accessAbstract
There is startling individual variability in the degree to which people recover from stroke and the duration of time over which recovery of some symptoms occurs. There are a variety of mechanisms of recovery from stroke which take place at distinct time points after stroke and are influenced by different variables. We review recent studies from our laboratory that unveil some surprising findings, such as the role of education in chronic recovery. We also report data showing that the consequences that most plague survivors of stroke and their caregivers are loss of high level cortical functions, such as empathy or written language. These results have implications for rehabilitation and management of stroke.
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Education influences inter-individual variability in treated language improvement in post-stroke aphasia.
“It is well established that inter-individual variability in TLI in post-stroke aphasia is influenced by an array of factors, including, but not limited to, age12–15, education16–19, aphasia severity11,14,15,20,21, baseline cognitive abilities13,22,23, and, specific to bPWA, bilingual language experience and language of treatment (e.g., whether therapy is delivered in L1 or L2)24,25.”
From Machine Learning Predictions of Recovery in Bilingual Poststroke Aphasia: Aligning Insights With Clinical Evidence (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Section 3.1 reports that higher education is associated with better chronic aphasia recovery and significantly predicts language scores. It does not establish that education influences improvement specifically attributable to language treatment; the outcome reported is recovery, not treatment response. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Hillis, A. E., & Tippett, D. C.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hillis, Argye E.
- Venue
- Advances in Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014
- Volume
- 2014
- Pages
- 1-10
- ISSN
- 2314-758X (ISSN-L)
- 2356-6752
- PMC
- PMC4383285
- OpenAlex
- W2161189520
- Cited by
- 84
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Advances in Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 DC05375, R01 NS47691, R01 DC03681)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Keywords
- stroke recovery, chronic stroke, stroke survivors, stroke caregivers, activities of daily living, loss of empathy, stroke rehabilitation
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