Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 287

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 148 of the 148 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Adjuvants: Classification,Modus Operandi, and Licensing

Open access
Apostólico, Juliana de Souza, Lunardelli, Victória Alves Santos, Coirada, Fernanda Caroline, Boscardin, Silvia Beatriz, Rosa, Daniela Santoro·2016·Journal of Immunology Research

Abstract

Vaccination is one of the most efficient strategies for the prevention of infectious diseases. Although safer, subunit vaccines are poorly immunogenic and for this reason the use of adjuvants is strongly recommended. Since their discovery in the beginning of the 20th century, adjuvants have been used to improve immune responses that ultimately lead to protection against disease. The choice of the adjuvant is of utmost importance as it can stimulate protective immunity. Their mechanisms of action have now been revealed. Our increasing understanding of the immune system, and of correlates of protection, is helping in the development of new vaccine formulations for global infections. Nevertheless, few adjuvants are licensed for human vaccines and several formulations are now being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we briefly describe the most well known adjuvants used in experimental and clinical settings based on their main mechanisms of action and also highlight the requirements for licensing new vaccine formulations.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1155/2016/1459394

Cites

148 of 148 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 148 references

Cited by

See all 287

Metadata

Authors
Apostólico, J. D. S., Lunardelli, V. A. S., Coirada, F. C., Boscardin, S. B., & Rosa, D. S.
Venue
Journal of Immunology Research
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016
Volume
2016
Pages
1-16
ISSN
  • 2314-7156 (ISSN-L)
  • 2314-8861
OpenAlex
W2345713210
Cited by
287
References
148
FWCI
11.78
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
gold

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Adjuvants: Classification,Modus Operandi, and Licensing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1155/2016/1459394
The paper
Apostólico, J. D. S., Lunardelli, V. A. S., Coirada, F. C., Boscardin, S. B., & Rosa, D. S. (2016). Adjuvants: Classification,Modus Operandi, and Licensing. Journal of Immunology Research. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1459394

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.