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Anticancer Activity of Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, and Their Mechanism of Action

Adhikari, Hari Sharan, Yadav, Paras Nath·2018·International Journal of Biomaterials
DOI 10.1155/2018/2952085PMC PMC6332982
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Abstract

Tailoring of chitosan through the involvement of its amino, acetamido, and hydroxy groups can give derivatives of enhanced solubility and remarkable anticancer activity. The general mechanism of such activity is associated with the disturbances in normal functioning of cell cycle, interference to the central dogma of biological system from DNA to RNA to protein or enzymatic synthesis, and the disruption of hormonal path to biosynthesis to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Both chitosan and its various derivatives have been reported to selectively permeate through the cancer cell membranes and show anticancer activity through the cellular enzymatic, antiangiogenic, immunoenhancing, antioxidant defense mechanism, and apoptotic pathways. They get sequestered from noncancer cells and provide their enhanced bioavailability in cancer cells in a sustained release manner. This review presents the putative mechanisms of anticancer activity of chitosan and mechanistic approaches of structure activity relation upon the modification of chitosan through functionalization, complex formation, and graft copolymerization to give different derivatives.

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Crossref · 10.1155/2018/2952085

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Figures

Scheme 1 Steps involved in the preparation of chitosan.
Scheme 1 Steps involved in the preparation of chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 1 Structure of chitosan.
Figure 1 Structure of chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Structure of chitin.
Figure 2 Structure of chitin.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Deacetylation of chitin.
Figure 3 Deacetylation of chitin.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Synthetic route to 2-phenylhydrazine (or hydrazine) thiosemicarbazone chitosan.
Figure 4 Synthetic route to 2-phenylhydrazine (or hydrazine) thiosemicarbazone chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Structure of chitosan-metal complex.
Figure 5 Structure of chitosan-metal complex.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6
Figure 6 CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Synthetic route of chitosan–thymine conjugate.
Figure 7 Synthetic route of chitosan–thymine conjugate.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 Synthetic route of sulfated chitosan (SCS) and sulfated benzaldehyde chitosan (SBCS).
Figure 8 Synthetic route of sulfated chitosan (SCS) and sulfated benzaldehyde chitosan (SBCS).CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Synthetic route of N-succinyl chitosan.
Figure 9 Synthetic route of N-succinyl chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 10 Synthetic route of glycol chitosan.
Figure 10 Synthetic route of glycol chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 11 Synthetic route to furanoallocolchicinoid chitosan.
Figure 11 Synthetic route to furanoallocolchicinoid chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 12 Graft copolymerization of polypyrrole-chitosan.
Figure 12 Graft copolymerization of polypyrrole-chitosan.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 13 (a) Heparan sulfate (HS). (b) Carboxymethyl benzylamide dextran (CMDB).
Figure 13 (a) Heparan sulfate (HS). (b) Carboxymethyl benzylamide dextran (CMDB).CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Adhikari, H. S., & Yadav, P. N.
Venue
International Journal of Biomaterials
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-12-30
Volume
2018
Pages
1-29
ISSN
  • 1687-8787
  • 1687-8795
DOI
10.1155/2018/2952085
PMC
PMC6332982
Cited by
313
References
5
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (unspecified)
Funders
Nepal Academy of Science and Technology

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