SGK1 attenuates oxidative stress-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury by regulating mitochondrial function
Open accessAbstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the early stages or progression of many renal diseases. Improving mitochondrial function and homeostasis has the potential to protect renal function. Serum- and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) is known to regulate various cellular processes, including cell survival. In this study, we intend to demonstrate the effect and molecular mechanisms of SGK1 in renal tubular cells upon oxidative stress injury and to determine whether regulation of mitochondrial function is implicated in this process. HK-2 cells were exposed to H 2 O 2, and cell viability and apoptosis were dynamically detected by the CCK-8 assay and annexin-V/PI staining. The concentrations of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the expression of the SGK1/GSK3 β/PGC-1 α signaling pathway were analyzed by flow cytometry or western blot. In addition, shRNA targeting SGK1 and SB216763 were added into the culture medium before H 2 O 2 exposure to downregulate SGK1 and GSK3 β, respectively. Cell viability and mitochondrial functions, including mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ m), Cytochrome C release, mtDNA copy number, and mitochondrial biogenesis, were examined. Protein levels and SGK1 activation were significantly stimulated by H 2 O 2 exposure. HK-2 cells with SGK1 inhibition were much more sensitive to H 2 O 2-induced oxidative stress injury than control group cells, as they exhibited increased apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction involving the deterioration of cellular ATP production, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial membrane potential reduction, and release of Cytochrome C into the cytoplasm. Studies on SGK1 knockdown also indicated that SGK1 is required for the induction of proteins associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, including PGC-1 α, NRF-1, and TFAM. Moreover, the deleterious effects of SGK1 suppression on cell apoptosis and mitochondrial function, including mitochondrial biogenesis, were related to the phosphorylation of GSK3 β and partially reversed by SB216763 treatment. H 2 O 2 leads to SGK1 overexpression in HK-2 cells, which protects human renal tubule cells from oxidative stress injury by improving mitochondrial function and inactivating GSK3 β.
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Overexpression of SGK1 in cells enhances mitochondrial function and inactivates GSK3β, MKK4, and JNK, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage.
“Additionally, overexpression of SGK1 in cells enhances mitochondrial function and inactivates GSK3β, MKK4, and JNK, protecting cells from oxidative stress-induced damage”
From Serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) in neurological disorders: pain or gain (2024) · cites this paper as Jiang et al., 2019
Results §3.5 and the Discussion link SGK1 to mitochondrial function, GSK3β inactivation, and protection of H2O2-exposed HK-2 renal cells. The paper does not support the added claim that SGK1 inactivates MKK4 or JNK; its experiments also examine SGK1 knockdown rather than experimentally induced overexpression. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Jiang, D., Fu, C., Xiao, J., Zhang, Z., Zou, J., Ye, Z., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Xiaoli
- Venue
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-09-18
- Volume
- 2019
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
- 1942-0900
- PMC
- PMC6766675
- OpenAlex
- W2973585809
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81200494)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Acute Kidney Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
- Keywords
- SGK1, oxidative stress, renal tubular epithelial cells, HK-2 cells, mitochondrial dysfunction, GSK3β, PGC-1α, mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, SB216763, hydrogen peroxide, kidney injury
- MeSH terms
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta, Adenosine Triphosphate, Organelle Biogenesis, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Epithelial Cells, Humans, Hydrogen Peroxide, Kidney Tubules, Mitochondria, Models, Biological, Signal Transduction, Down-Regulation, Apoptosis, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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