Assessment of the Levels of Level of Biomarkers of Bone Matrix Glycoproteins and Inflammatory Cytokines from Saudi Parkinson Patients
Open accessAbstract
Background. Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most commonly neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease which occurs to nearly 1% of the population > 50 years old. Inflammatory and bone biomarkers have both become valuable tools for PD diagnosis and prognosis. However, no studies have examined these markers in Saudi patients diagnosed with PD. Objectives. To assess the biomarkers and proinflammatory cytokines from blood with PD in serum. Methods. In our study, we included 26 patients with PD and 24 controls. Blood samples were withdrawn from subjects with PD and their matched controls. Biomarkers multiplex assay from Milliplex was used to assess the levels of IL-1B, IL-6, TNF-α, osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), and PTH (parathyroid hormone). Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package, GraphPad Prism. Results. We found that IL-1ß cytokine is significantly higher in patients with PD (p value = 0.0014). However, there are no statistically significant variances found among the two studied groups with regard to the IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines levels. We also found that levels of PTH are decreased in the PD subjects than the age-matched controls (p value= 0.003). Also, the bone matrix glycoproteins, including osteoprotegerin (OPG) and osteopontin (OPN), are significantly upregulated (p value= 0.04 for OPG and p value= 0.003 for OPN), as compared to the controls. Conclusions. Our findings are reliable with the possibility that inflammatory and bone markers can be used as biomarkers in PD prognosis. However, to clarify the natural role and consequence of these markers in PD pathology, further larger cohort studies are needed.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In postmortem brain, serum, and CSF of PD patients, inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 are at excessively high concentrations.
“In addition, in the postmortem brain, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with PD, inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 have been identified at excessively high concentrations [50,51].”
From Neuroprotective Effects of Bifidobacterium breve CCFM1067 in MPTP-Induced Mouse Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022) · cites this paper as [51]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson’s disease
Braak, H., Tredici, K. D., Rüb, U., de Vos, R. A. I., Jansen Steur, E. N. H., & Braak, E. (2003) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/s0197-4580(02)00065-9 · Cited by 10,777 · see citing works
Epidemiology of Parkinson's disease
de Lau, L. M., & Breteler, M. M. (2006) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70471-9 · Cited by 4,110 · see citing works
Overview of the <scp>IL</scp> ‐1 family in innate inflammation and acquired immunity
Dinarello, C. A. (2018) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.12621 · Cited by 1,866 · see citing works
The Role of Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
Wojdasiewicz, P., Poniatowski, Ł. A., & Szukiewicz, D. (2014) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/2014/561459 · Cited by 1,608 · see citing works
Mogi, M., Harada, M., Kondo, T., Riederer, P., Inagaki, H., Minami, M., & Nagatsu, T. (1994) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(94)90508-8 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
The IL-1 family and inflammatory diseases.
Dinarello, C. A. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 600 · see citing works
Peripheral cytokines profile in parkinson’s disease
Reale, M., Iarlori, C., Thomas, A., Gambi, D., Perfetti, B., Di Nicola, M., & Onofrj, M. (2009) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2008.07.003 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Inflammatory Regulators in Parkinson's Disease: iNOS, Lipocortin-1, and Cyclooxygenases-1 and -2
Knott, C., Stern, G., & Wilkin, G. P. (2000) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1006/mcne.2000.0914 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Inflammatory Process in Parkinsons Disease: Role for Cytokines
Nagatsu, T., & Sawada, M. (2005) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612053381620 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
TNF ligands and receptors – a matter of life and death
MacEwan, D. J. (2002) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704549 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases: Central Role of Cytokines
Alam, Q., Alam, M. Z., Mushtaq, G., Damanhouri, G. A., Rasool, M., Kamal, M. A., & Haque, A. (2016) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612822666151125000300 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Atypical cancer pattern in patients with Parkinson's disease
Olsen, J. H., Friis, S., Frederiksen, K., McLaughlin, J. K., Mellemkjær, L., & Møller, H. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602279 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Rocha, N. P., de Miranda, A. S., & Teixeira, A. L. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/628192 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Inflammation in Parkinson’s disease: role of glucocorticoids
Herrero, M.-T., Estrada, C., Maatouk, L., & Vyas, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2015.00032 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Scalzo, P., Kümmer, A., Cardoso, F., & Teixeira, A. L. (2010) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.062 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Leal, M. C., Casabona, J. C., Puntel, M., & Pitossi, F. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2013.00053 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Welser-Alves, J. V., & Milner, R. (2013) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2013.04.007 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Maetzler, W., Berg, D., Schalamberidze, N., Melms, A., Schott, K., Mueller, J. C., Liaw, L., Gasser, T., & Nitsch, C. (2007) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.10.020 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Scalzo, P. L., Kümmer, A., Cardoso, F., & Teixeira, A. L. (2009) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2009.08.001 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Structural Basis of Signal Transduction in the TNF Receptor Superfamily
Li, J., Yin, Q., & Wu, H. (2013) · Advances in immunology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407707-2.00005-9 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Dufek, M., Rektorová, I., Thon, V., Lokaj, J., & Rektor, I. (2015) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1155/2015/898192 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Neuroinflammation and Non-motor Symptoms: The Dark Passenger of Parkinson’s Disease?
Barnum, C. J., & Tansey, M. G. (2012) · Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s11910-012-0283-6 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The Role of Osteopontin in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Carecchio, M., & Comi, C. (2011) · Journal of Alzheimer's Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2011-102151 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Pereira, J. R., dos Santos, L. V., Santos, R. M. S., Campos, A. L. F., Pimenta, A. L., de Oliveira, M. S., Bacheti, G. G., Rocha, N. P., Teixeira, A. L., Christo, P. P., et al. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.09.030 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Responsiveness of motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson disease to dopaminergic therapy
Stacy, M. A., Murck, H., & Kroenke, K. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2009.09.023 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Ardestani, S., Li, B., Deskins, D. L., Wu, H., Massion, P. P., & Young, P. P. (2013) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Li, T., Chu, C., Yu, L., Zhai, Q., Wang, S., Zhao, J., Zhang, H., Chen, W., & Tian, F. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14214678 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
- Authors
- Alrafiah, A., Al-Ofi, E., Obaid, M. T., Alsomali, N., & Muthuraju, S.
- Affiliations
- King Abdulaziz University (SA)
- King Fahd Medical City (SA)
- Corresponding author
- Alsomali, Nimah
- Venue
- BioMed Research International
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-05-08
- Volume
- 2019
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 1110-7243 (ISSN-L)
- 2314-6141
- 2314-6133
- PMC
- PMC6530158
- OpenAlex
- W2944509259
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2024: 12 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 2.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2020-09-30)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- BioMed Research International (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), at KAU, Jeddah (G-507-290-38)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bone Metabolism and Diseases
- Keywords
- Parkinson's disease, inflammatory markers, inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, interleukin-6, TNF-α, osteoprotegerin, osteopontin, parathyroid hormone, serum biomarkers, Saudi patients
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Parkinson Disease, Saudi Arabia, Biomarkers, Cytokines, Osteoprotegerin, Osteopontin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
