Biochemical Constituent of Ginkgo biloba (Seed) 80% Methanol Extract Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzymes in Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus) Model
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Background. Pathophysiological changes leading to the death of nerve cells present in the brain and spinal cord are referred to as neurodegenerative diseases. Presently, treatment of these diseases is not effective and encounters many challenges due to the cost of drug and side effects. Thus, the search for the alternative agents to replace synthetic drugs is in high demand. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the anticholinesterase properties of Ginkgo biloba seed. Methods. The seed was extracted with 80% methanol. Toxicity studies and evaluation of anticholinesterase activities were carried out in adult Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Phytochemical study to identify the bioactive lead constituents of the crude extract was also carried out using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. The result shows activities with high significant differences at P<0.001 between the treated and nontreated groups. A bioactive compound (vitaxin) was identified with the aid of HPLC method. Conclusion. The presence of bioactive compound vitaxin is among the major secondary metabolites that contribute to increasing activities of this plant extract. High anticholinesterase activities and low toxicity effect of this plant show its benefit to be used as natural medicine or supplements.
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Ginkgo biloba seed possesses high anticholinesterase properties and low toxicity.
“In a nutshell, GB seed was suggested to possess high anticholinesterase properties and low toxicity levels.”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
Vitaxin significantly enhances anticholinesterase activity of Ginkgo biloba seed extract.
“One of the main secondary metabolites, vitaxin (identified and confirmed by HPLC), was reported to significantly enhance the anticholinesterase activity of the seed extract.”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
Ginkgo biloba seed has anticholinesterase activity with significant difference between treatment and control (p < 0.001).
“The GB seed was also evaluated for its anticholinesterase activity, and the outcome revealed remarkable changes between the treatment and control groups (p < 0.001).”
From Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Medicinal Plants for Alzheimer’s Disease: Preclinical to Clinical Trial Insights (2023) · cites this paper as [100]
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- [13]Ngamniyom A. Sriyapai T. Sriyapai P. Panyarachun B. Introduction of encysted metacercarial Stephanostomum sp. in Javanese ricefish (Oryzias javanicus) and bacterial diversity of encysts from mangrove swamps of Trang Province, Thailand Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology 2020 42 1
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Nagori, K., Nakhate, K. T., Yadav, K., Ajazuddin, & Pradhan, M. (2023) · Future Pharmacology · doi:10.3390/futurepharmacol3040053 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hassan, I., Wan Ibrahim, W. N., Yusuf, F. M., Ahmad, S. A., & Ahmad, S.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Putra Malaysia (MY)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environmental Study, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Seri Kembangan 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Corresponding author
- Ahmad, Syahida
- Venue
- Journal of Toxicology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-09-23
- Volume
- 2020
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 1687-8191 (ISSN-L)
- 1687-8205
- PMC
- PMC7530487
- OpenAlex
- W3088687834
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 2.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Toxicology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (TD-FRGS/2/2013/UPM/02/1/2)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Ginkgo biloba and Cashew Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Medicinal Plants and Neuroprotection
- Keywords
- Ginkgo biloba seeds, anticholinesterase activity, cholinesterase inhibition, neurodegenerative diseases, plant extract toxicity, phytochemical constituents, secondary metabolites, natural medicine
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