Hypotensive and Antihypertensive Properties and Safety for Use of Annona muricata and Persea americana and Their Combination Products
Open accessAbstract
Introduction. In the management of hypertension (a cardiovascular disease and the leading metabolic risk factor in noncommunicable diseases) with herbal medicines, efficacy and safety are of uttermost concern. This study sought to establish hypotensive, antihypertensive, drug interaction, and safety for use of the aqueous leaf extracts of Annona muricata (AME), Persea americana (PAE), or their combination products (CAPE). Methodology. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were measured in normotensive Sprague‐Dawley rats treated with 50–150 mg/kg of AME, PAE, or CAPE to establish a hypotensive effect. “Combination index” was calculated to establish interaction between AME and PAE. The antihypertensive effect of CAPE was established by measuring SBP, DBP, MAP, and HR in ethanol‐sucrose‐ and epinephrine‐induced hypertension. Full blood count, liver and kidney function tests, and urinalysis were determined in ethanol/sucrose‐induced hypertension to establish safety for use. Results. AME, PAE, and CAPE significantly (p ≤ 0.001) decreased BP in both normotensive and hypertensive animals. Effects of CAPE 1, CAPE 2, and CAPE 3 were synergistic (combination indices of 0.65 ± 0.07, 0.76 ± 0.09, and 0.87 ± 0.07, respectively). There was a significant decrease (p ≤ 0.01 − 0.001) in SBP and MAP with 100 mg/kg CAPE 1 and 75 mg/kg CAPE 2 treatment in hypertension as well as with nifedipine (p ≤ 0.001) treatment. Epinephrine‐induced hypertension in anesthetized cats was significantly and dose‐dependently inhibited (p < 0.05 − 0.001) by 25–100 mg/ml CAPE 1 and 37.5–75 mg/ml CAPE 2. CAPE administration had no deleterious effect (p > 0.05) on full blood count, liver and kidney function, and urine composition in hypertensive rats. Conclusion. The aqueous leaf extracts of Annona muricata, Persea americana, and their combination products possess antihypertensive properties, with combination products showing synergism and safety with use.
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A. muricata is considered a potential alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, and bacterial infections.
“Due to its medicinal and pharmacological effects, this plant is considered a potential alternative treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, cancer, and bacterial infections [9,10].”
From Annona muricata: Comprehensive Review on the Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacological Aspects Focusing on Antidiabetic Properties (2023) · cites this paper as [10]
The Results (§3.2, page not given) report reduced blood pressure in hypertensive rats treated with products containing A. muricata, supporting its potential relevance to hypertension. Our copy does not address its use as a treatment for diabetes mellitus, cancer, or bacterial infections; a search for those conditions found no supporting passage. The hypertension evidence is from animals, not clinical treatment. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Sokpe, A., Mensah, M. L. K., Koffuor, G. A., Thomford, K. P., Arthur, R., Jibira, Y., Baah, M. K., Adedi, B., & Agbemenyah, H. Y.
- Affiliations
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (GH)
- University of Cape Coast (GH)
- Centre for Plant Medicine Research (GH)
- University of Health and Allied Sciences (GH)
- Corresponding author
- Koffuor, George A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 2020
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 8833828-8833828
- ISSN
- 1741-427X (ISSN-L)
- 1741-4288
- PMC
- PMC7787783
- OpenAlex
- W3112152378
- Cited by
- 23
- References
- 52
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 1.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Traditional and Medicinal Uses of Annonaceae
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Annona muricata, avocado, antihypertensive effect, herbal combination, drug synergy, combination index, nifedipine, leaf extract, safety assessment, blood pressure, heart rate, cardiovascular risk reduction, non-communicable diseases
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