Resistance Status of Bacteria from a Health Facility in Ghana: A Retrospective Study
Open accessAbstract
Background. Regardless of the global concerted effort to control the development and spread of antimicrobial resistance, increasing cases are continually documented at many medical centres. This situation is reinforced by inadequate information on the trend of resistance resulting from lack of regular antimicrobial resistance surveillance. The present study sought to detect the number of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) bacterial isolates at a health facility in Ghana from January 2018 to July 2020. Method. A total of 800 data on antimicrobial testing results were extracted from the records of the health facility. The extracted data were explored for the detection of MDR, XDR, and PDR. The study further determined the use of antibiotics using the multiple-drug resistance index (MDRI). Results. Except for Staphylococcus and Neisseria spp., all bacterial isolates showed extremely high (100%) proportion of MDR. Although only Staphylococcus spp. (38 (4.8%)) was observed to be XDR, the rest of the bacteria showed the potential to attain the status of XDR or PDR. MDRI indicated high use of antibiotics in the health facility. Conclusion. The high antimicrobial resistance observed by the study underscores the need for prompt and effective antibiotic resistance control strategies.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In six human studies, E. coli exhibited MDR, with prevalence ranging from 41.5% to 99.6%.
“In six “human studies”, E. coli exhibited MDR, with the prevalence ranging from 41.5% to 99.6% [18,23,27,34,36,41].”
From A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective (2024) · cites this paper as [18]
The Results report that E. coli was among the species with 100% multidrug resistance. The cited paper’s 99.6% figure is for all bacterial isolates, not E. coli specifically; it does not establish the 41.5%–99.6% range across six studies. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Magiorakos, A.-P., Srinivasan, A., Carey, R. B., Carmeli, Y., Falagas, M. E., Giske, C. G., Harbarth, S., Hindler, J. F., Kahlmeter, G., Olsson-Liljequist, B., et al. (2012) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x · Cited by 14,449 · see citing works
Situational analysis of antibiotic use and resistance in Ghana: policy and regulation
Yevutsey, S. K., Buabeng, K. O., Aikins, M., Anto, B. P., Biritwum, R. B., Frimodt-Møller, N., & Gyansa-Lutterodt, M. (2017) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4910-7 · Cited by 126 · cited 1× · see citing works
“high (>40%) resistance to the generally inexpensive broadspectrum antibiotics: tetracycline, cotrimoxazole, cefuroxime, and chloramphenicol; this observation concurs with findings from a number of previous studies in Ghana [5, 25, 26].”
ResultDekker, D., Wolters, M., Mertens, E., Boahen, K. G., Krumkamp, R., Eibach, D., Schwarz, N. G., Adu-Sarkodie, Y., Rohde, H., Christner, M., et al. (2016) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-016-2048-3 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Duedu, K. O., Offei, G., Codjoe, F. S., & Donkor, E. S. (2017) · International Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2017/9509087 · Cited by 28 · cited 1× · see citing works
“'is finding corroborates the findings that showed amikacin as the most effective antibiotic agent against clinical isolates in Ghana [5, 27].”
Result
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- [1]Labi A.-K. Obeng-Nkrumah N. Nartey E. T. Antibiotic use in a tertiary healthcare facility in Ghana: a point prevalence survey Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 2018 7 1 p. 15 10.1186/s13756-018-0299-z 2-s2.0-85041057527 29423190 PMC5787245 · DOI
- [2]Mensah K. B. Opoku-Agyeman K. Ansah C. Antibiotic use during pregnancy: a retrospective study of prescription patterns and birth outcomes at an antenatal clinic in rural Ghana Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice 2017 10 p. 24 10.1186/s40545-017-0111-0 2-s2.0-85027157367 PMC5551012 28808578 · DOI
- [3]Labi A.-K. Nielsen K. L. Marvig R. L. Oxacillinase-181 carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neonatal intensive care unit, Ghana, 2017-2019 Emerging Infectious Diseases 2020 26 9 p. 2235 10.3201/eid2609.200562 PMC7454046 32818427 · DOI
- [4]Codjoe F. S. Donkor E. S. Smith T. J. Miller K. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacilli pathogens from hospitals in Ghana Microbial Drug Resistance 2019 25 10 1449 1457 10.1089/mdr.2018.0278 31237486 · DOI
- [5]Quansah E. Amoah Barnie P. Omane Acheampong D. Geographical distribution of β-lactam resistance among Klebsiella spp. from selected health facilities in Ghana Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2019 4 3 p. 117 10.3390/tropicalmed4030117 2-s2.0-85072118981 PMC6789473 31484298 · DOI
- [6]Davies J. Where have all the antibiotics gone? Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2006 17 5 287 290 10.1155/2006/707296 2-s2.0-33845388057 18382641 PMC2095086 · DOI
- [7]Peeters P. Ryan K. Karve S. The impact of initial antibiotic treatment failure: real-world insights in patients with complicated, health care-associated intra-abdominal infection Infection and Drug Resistance 2019 12 329 343 10.2147/idr.s184116 2-s2.0-85062644995 30774399 PMC6362915 · DOI
- [9]Basak S. Singh P. Rajurkar M. Multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant bacteria: a study Journal of Pathogens 2016 2016 5 4065603 10.1155/2016/4065603 PMC4749793 26942013 · DOI
- [10]Gill J. S. Arora S. Khanna S. P. Hari Kumar K. V. S. Prevalence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, and pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a tertiary level intensive care unit Journal of Global Infectious Diseases 2016 8 4 155 159 27942195 PMC5126754
- [11]Beyene D. Bitew A. Fantew S. Mihret A. Evans M. Multidrug-resistant profile and prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase production in fermentative Gram-negative bacilli recovered from patients and specimens referred to National Reference Laboratory, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia PLoS One 2019 14 9 p. e0222911 10.1371/journal.pone.0222911 2-s2.0-85072666422 PMC6760794 31553773 · DOI
- [12]Davies J. Davies D. Origins and evolution of antibiotic resistance Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 2010 74 3 417 433 10.1128/mmbr.00016-10 2-s2.0-77957980707 20805405 PMC2937522 · DOI · Paper page
- [13]Laxminarayan R. Klugman K. P. Communicating trends in resistance using a drug resistance index BMJ Open 2011 1 2 p. e000135 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000135 2-s2.0-81255143830 PMC3221297 22102636 · DOI
- [14]Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries 2006 Cambridge, UK Cambridge University Press
- [18]Krumperman P. H. Multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of Escherichia coli to identify high-risk sources of fecal contamination of foods Applied and Environmental Microbiology 1983 46 1 165 170 10.1128/aem.46.1.165-170.1983 6351743 PMC239283 · DOI
- [19]Obeng-Nkrumah N. Twum-Danso K. Krogfelt K. A. Newman M. J. High levels of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a major teaching hospital in Ghana: the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of antibiotic resistance The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2013 89 5 960 964 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0642 2-s2.0-84887620711 24043693 PMC3820343 · DOI
- [20]Falgenhauer L. Imirzalioglu C. Oppong K. Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from humans and poultry in Ghana Frontiers in Microbiology 2019 9 3358 PMC6340976 30697208
- [22]Amissah N. A. Buultjens A. H. Ablordey A. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus transmission in a ghanaian burn unit: the importance of active surveillance in resource-limited settings Frontiers in Microbiology 2017 8 1906 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01906 2-s2.0-85030840723 PMC5635451 29056927 · DOI
- [23]Agyepong N. Govinden U. Owusu-Ofori A. Yusuf Essack S. Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacterial infections in a teaching hospital in Ghana Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 2018 7 1 p. 37 10.1186/s13756-018-0324-2 2-s2.0-85043464850 29541448 PMC5845144 · DOI · Paper page
- [24]Poolman J. T. Anderson A. S. Escherichia coliand Staphylococcus aureus: leading bacterial pathogens of healthcare associated infections and bacteremia in older-age populations Expert Review of Vaccines 2018 17 7 607 618 10.1080/14760584.2018.1488590 2-s2.0-85052091900 29902092 · DOI
- [25]Newman M. J. Frimpong E Donkor E. S Opintan J. A Asamoah-Adu A Resistance to antimicrobial drugs in Ghana Infection and Drug Resistance 2011 4 215 220 10.2147/IDR.S21769 2-s2.0-84859002126 22259250 PMC3259688 · DOI
- [28]Jia H. Li L. Li W. Impact of healthcare-associated infections on length of stay: a study in 68 hospitals in China BioMed Research International 2019 2019 7 2590563 10.1155/2019/2590563 2-s2.0-85065261043 PMC6500696 31119159 · DOI
- [29]Peters L. Olson L. Khu D. T. K. Multiple antibiotic resistance as a risk factor for mortality and prolonged hospital stay: a cohort study among neonatal intensive care patients with hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative bacteria in Vietnam PLoS One 2019 14 5 p. e0215666 10.1371/journal.pone.0215666 2-s2.0-85065661658 31067232 PMC6505890 · DOI
- [30]Gashaw M. Berhane M. Bekele S. Emergence of high drug resistant bacterial isolates from patients with health care associated infections at Jimma University medical center: a cross sectional study Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control 2018 7 1 p. 138 10.1186/s13756-018-0431-0 2-s2.0-85056852852 30479751 PMC6245755 · DOI
- [31]Vandenbroucke-Grauls C. M. J. E. Kahlmeter G. Kluytmans J. The proposed Drug Resistance Index (DRI) is not a good measure of antibiotic effectiveness in relation to drug resistance BMJ Global Health 2019 4 4 p. e001838 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001838 2-s2.0-85071515646 PMC6730578 31543998 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective
Donkor, E. S., Odoom, A., Osman, A.-H., Darkwah, S., & Kotey, F. C. N. (2024) · Antibiotics · doi:10.3390/antibiotics13070662 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“In six “human studies”, E. coli exhibited MDR, with the prevalence ranging from 41.5% to 99.6% [18,23,27,34,36,41].”
BackgroundInfluential
- Authors
- Inusah, A., Quansah, E., Fosu, K., & Dadzie, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Cape Coast (GH)
- Microbiology Department, Bolgatanga Regional Hospital, Bolgatanga, Ghana
- Corresponding author
- Dadzie, Isaac
- Venue
- Journal of Pathogens
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-03-04
- Volume
- 2021
- Pages
- 1-7
- ISSN
- 2090-3057 (ISSN-L)
- 2090-3065
- PMC
- PMC7952191
- OpenAlex
- W3135712488
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Pathogens (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Keywords
- antimicrobial resistance, multidrug resistance, extended-spectrum resistance, pan-drug resistance, Escherichia coli, antibiotic use, resistance monitoring, Ghana
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
