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Green Approaches, Potentials, and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Surface Coatings and Films

Rohani, Rosiah, Dzulkharnien, Nur Syafiqah Farhanah, Harun, Nurul Hidayah, Ilias, Iqma Asyila·2022·Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
DOI 10.1155/2022/3077747PMC PMC9371815
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Abstract

Interest in the use of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in surface coatings and films has increased as its incorporation can significantly improve the mechanical and antimicrobial properties of coatings and film solutions. In an effort to produce green or eco‐friendly products, the potential use of ZnO NPs biosynthesized from natural resources to replace conventional petroleum‐derived polymers has been investigated. This review provides an insight into the growing trend of incorporating ZnO NPs into synthetic or semi‐synthetic or bio‐based polymeric materials via different synthesis methods as well as its characteristics and potential applications in surface coatings and films. The antimicrobial potential of ZnO NPs to inhibit the growth of various types of microorganisms as well as its use in surface coatings or films to impart antimicrobial activities that prevent the spread of microorganisms, especially the COVID‐19 virus, was also discussed.

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Figures

Figure 1 Two main approaches in synthesizing NPs.
Figure 1 Two main approaches in synthesizing NPs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Fabrication of ZnO NPs using the hydrothermal method. Adapted from Ref. [15].
Figure 2 Fabrication of ZnO NPs using the hydrothermal method. Adapted from Ref. [15].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 FTIR spectra of (a) green-synthesized and (b) nongreen-synthesized ZnO NPs. Spectra were taken from Refs. [16, 17].
Figure 3 FTIR spectra of (a) green-synthesized and (b) nongreen-synthesized ZnO NPs. Spectra were taken from Refs. [16, 17].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Summary of (a) wavenumber from FTIR and (b) wavelength from UV-Vis spectra of nongreen- and green-synthesized ZnO NPs from previous literatures.
Figure 4 Summary of (a) wavenumber from FTIR and (b) wavelength from UV-Vis spectra of nongreen- and green-synthesized ZnO NPs from previous literatures.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 XRD spectrum of green-synthesized ZnO NPs (green synthesized-GS) and commercialized ZnO NPs (commercial-C). The image was adopted from Ref. [18].
Figure 5 XRD spectrum of green-synthesized ZnO NPs (green synthesized-GS) and commercialized ZnO NPs (commercial-C). The image was adopted from Ref. [18].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Two sources for biopolymeric materials from animal parts or plant extract.
Figure 6 Two sources for biopolymeric materials from animal parts or plant extract.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 The chemical structure of acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) for wood surface coating and acrylated epoxidized jatropha oil (AEJO) for wood and mild steel surface coating. Adapted with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2020 American chemical society.
Figure 7 The chemical structure of acrylated epoxidized palm oil (AEPO) for wood surface coating and acrylated epoxidized jatropha oil (AEJO) for wood and mild steel surface coating. Adapted with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2020 American chemical society.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 8 List of polymeric materials mixed with ZnO NPs.
Figure 8 List of polymeric materials mixed with ZnO NPs.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 9 Steel surfaces coated with acrylated epoxy jatropha oil incorporated with ZnO NPs at different concentrations. Adapted with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2020 American chemical society.
Figure 9 Steel surfaces coated with acrylated epoxy jatropha oil incorporated with ZnO NPs at different concentrations. Adapted with permission from Ref. [19]. Copyright 2020 American chemical society.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 10 Coating techniques to deposit ZnO NPs coatings on different materials as found in literature studies. Techniques: casting, roller coating, spray-based, brushing on surfaces such as wood, cement slab, paper, and steel.
Figure 10 Coating techniques to deposit ZnO NPs coatings on different materials as found in literature studies. Techniques: casting, roller coating, spray-based, brushing on surfaces such as wood, cement slab, paper, and steel.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 11 Illustration of the techniques used to coat NPs on textiles; (a) dip-coating and (b) spin coating.
Figure 11 Illustration of the techniques used to coat NPs on textiles; (a) dip-coating and (b) spin coating.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 12 Antimicrobial properties of ZnO NPs against different types of microorganisms.
Figure 12 Antimicrobial properties of ZnO NPs against different types of microorganisms.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 13 Measuring the inhibition zone of samples against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria.
Figure 13 Measuring the inhibition zone of samples against methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus bacteria.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 14 Simplified diagram showing the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs through (1) formation of zinc (Zn2+) ions produced by the NPs, (2) reactive oxygen species (ROS) of OH− ions, O2− ions or H2O2, (3) accumulation of small-size ZnO NPs in the cell.
Figure 14 Simplified diagram showing the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs through (1) formation of zinc (Zn2+) ions produced by the NPs, (2) reactive oxygen species (ROS) of OH− ions, O2− ions or H2O2, (3) accumulation of small-size ZnO NPs in the cell.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 15 Comparison of fungal growth after 40 days on wood (a) coated with plain varnish and (b) wood coated with varnish containing ZnO NPs. The photogram was adopted from Ref. [20].
Figure 15 Comparison of fungal growth after 40 days on wood (a) coated with plain varnish and (b) wood coated with varnish containing ZnO NPs. The photogram was adopted from Ref. [20].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 16 Applications of ZnO NPs coatings and films.
Figure 16 Applications of ZnO NPs coatings and films.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 17 (a) ZnO NPs coating on cotton to form an antiviral filter for face masks, (b) SEM images of ZnO nanoflowers coated on cotton fabric and (c) water droplets fully absorbed on the untreated cotton surface and (d) water droplet with high contact angle on ZnO NP-coated cotton surface indicating good hydrophobicity. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 22]. Copyright (2021) American chemical society.
Figure 17 (a) ZnO NPs coating on cotton to form an antiviral filter for face masks, (b) SEM images of ZnO nanoflowers coated on cotton fabric and (c) water droplets fully absorbed on the untreated cotton surface and (d) water droplet with high contact angle on ZnO NP-coated cotton surface indicating good hydrophobicity. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [21, 22]. Copyright (2021) American chemical society.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 18 Different surfaces coated with paint containing ZnO NPs. (a) Carbon steel surface coated with paint blended with 2% ZnO NPs, (b) clear PU and white PU blended with ZnO NPs for wood and cement slab panels, respectively, (c) and (d) display common wood used in households. The image was taken from Ref. [23].
Figure 18 Different surfaces coated with paint containing ZnO NPs. (a) Carbon steel surface coated with paint blended with 2% ZnO NPs, (b) clear PU and white PU blended with ZnO NPs for wood and cement slab panels, respectively, (c) and (d) display common wood used in households. The image was taken from Ref. [23].CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 19 Conditions of old manuscript (a) before and (b) after coating with ZnO NPs, (c) building for the in situ experimentation of coating, and (d) the tested area results between coated and uncoated parts. Illustration was taken from Ref. [24].
Figure 19 Conditions of old manuscript (a) before and (b) after coating with ZnO NPs, (c) building for the in situ experimentation of coating, and (d) the tested area results between coated and uncoated parts. Illustration was taken from Ref. [24].CC BY · PubMed Central

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Metadata

Authors
Rohani, R., Dzulkharnien, N. S. F., Harun, N. H., & Ilias, I. A.
Venue
Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-01
Volume
2022
Issue
1
ISSN
  • 1565-3633
  • 1687-479X
DOI
10.1155/2022/3077747
PMC
PMC9371815
Cited by
61
References
1
Language
en
Licence
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor, 215 d)
Funders
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GUP/2021/027)

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Green Approaches, Potentials, and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Surface Coatings and Films. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1155/2022/3077747
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Rohani, R., Dzulkharnien, N. S. F., Harun, N. H., & Ilias, I. A. (2022). Green Approaches, Potentials, and Applications of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Surface Coatings and Films. Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3077747