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Cited by 14Bee Products Chemical AnalysisHealthcare and Venom ResearchPhytochemistry and Biological Activities

Bio‐Functional Potential and Biochemical Properties of Propolis Collected from Different Regions of Balochistan Province of Pakistan

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Akbar, Ali, Gul, Zareen, Aziz, Saliha, Sadiq, Muhammad Bilal, Achakzai, Jahangir Khan, Saeed, Shazia, Chein, Su Hlaing, Sher, Hassan·2022·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
DOI 10.1155/2022/7585406PMC PMC9556192
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Abstract

Propolis is a well‐known resinous natural substance collected by honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from plants exudations. Variations in chemical composition of propolis are due to different sources from which it is collected and change in climate and geographical location. In this study, different propolis samples were collected from different regions of Balochistan and examined for its chemical composition, total phenolics and total flavonoid contents, and antioxidant potential by using DPPH radical scavenging assay and antimicrobial activity. Bioactive components analysis revealed the presence of steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, coumarins, cardiac glycosides, quinones, anthraquinones, terpenoids, tannins, and phlobatannins at different levels. The total phenolics contents were ranged from 2.9343 ± 1.247 to 6.0216 ± 2.873 mg GAE g-1, and flavonoid contents were found to be 0.1546 ± 0.087 to 0.6586 ± 0.329 mg QE g-1, respectively. The antioxidant ability of each extract was analyzed by their concentration having 50% inhibition (IC50). The propolis sample P3 possessed lower IC50 27.07 ± 0.73 mg mL−1 with higher % inhibition of DPPH radical, and P8 showed lower % inhibition by having IC50 84.43 ± 2.07 mg mL−1. The antibacterial activity of all samples was analyzed against a wide group of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia and propolis extract (P4) was highly active against Klebsiella pneumoniae with the maximum diameter of zone of inhibition 20.33 ± 1.52 mm, and propolis extract (P3) showed maximum zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli 19.06 ± 1.90, while propolis extract (P2) was found less active with minimum diameter of zone of inhibition 7.46 ± 1.50 mm. The antifungal activity of extract was considered as active against the fungal species. Propolis extract (P3) showed 82% of zone of inhibition against Aspergillus Niger, and propolis extract (P1) was highly active against Aspergillus parasiticus with 80% of zone of inhibition. By comparing the vibration frequencies in wave numbers of the sample spectrograph acquired from an FTIR spectrophotometer, the functional groups present in the extracts were identified. The presence of seven elements (Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) was analyzed through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained concentrations were within the permissible ranges established by the World Health Organization. The GC‐MS analysis revealed the presence of 80 different compounds belonged to different classes. The obtained results confirmed the imperative potential of propolis which can be used in various biological applications.

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  • Antioxidant capacity of banana peel depends on different solvents and is measured by several antioxidant assays.

    “Antioxidant capacity depends on different solvents such as acetone, acetyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol, methanol and n-hexane by several antioxidant potential determining assays including diphenyle-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), metal chelating activity, 2,2'-azinobis”

    From Functional, nutritional and medicinal potential of banana peel (2023) · cites this paper as [87]

    Materials and Methods §2.6 reports measuring the antioxidant activity of propolis extract with a DPPH assay. But §2.3 describes extraction with ethanol, not a comparison of solvents, and the cited passages do not address banana peel or the other named antioxidant assays. The source supports only the DPPH-assay portion of the attributed claim; page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Akbar, A., Gul, Z., Aziz, S., Sadiq, M. B., Achakzai, J. K., Saeed, S., Chein, S. H., & Sher, H.
Affiliations
  • University of Balochistan (PK)
  • Forman Christian College (PK)
  • Spectrum-Sustainable Development Knowledge Network (MM)
  • University of Swat (PK)
Corresponding author
  • Akbar, Ali
  • Chein, Su Hlaing
ORCID
Venue
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2022-01
Volume
2022
Issue
1
Pages
7585406-7585406
ISSN
  • 1942-0994 (ISSN-L)
  • 1942-0900
DOI
10.1155/2022/7585406
PMC
PMC9556192
OpenAlex
W4302022986
Cited by
14
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 1
FWCI
2.37
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Higher Education Commission (HEC) Pakistan (6470)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Bee Products Chemical Analysis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Healthcare and Venom Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Phytochemistry and Biological Activities
Keywords
propolis, Balochistan, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity, phytochemical composition, Apis mellifera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans
MeSH terms
Animals, Anthraquinones, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Antifungal Agents, Antioxidants, Cadmium, Carbohydrates, Cardiac Glycosides, Coumarins, Escherichia coli, Flavonoids, Lead, Pakistan, Phenols, Propolis, Quinones, Tannins, Terpenes

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