Androgen Receptor Signaling
Abstract
Nonsteroidal signaling via the androgen receptor (AR) plays an im-portant role in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Previously, we have reported that the pleiotropic cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6, inhibited dihydrotestosterone-mediated expression of prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP cells (Jia et al., Mol Can Res 2003;1:385-92). In the present study, we explored the mechanisms involved in this inhibition and considered possible effects on AR nuclear translocation, recruitment of transcription cofactors, and the signaling pathways that may mediate this inhibitory effect. IL-6 neither induced nuclear localization of the AR nor inhibited dihydrotestosterone-induced nuclear translocation of the receptor. IL-6 did not affect AR or p160 coactivator recruitment to the transcription initiation complex on the prostate-specific antigen enhancer and promoter. Moreover, it did not lead to the recruitment of the corepressor silencing mediator of retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptor (SMRT) or histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) at the same sites. IL-6 did, however, prevent the recruitment of the secondary coactivator, p300, to the complex and partially inhibited histone H3 acetylation at the same loci. Furthermore, inhibition by IL-6 was not mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase or the Akt pathways and was partially abrogated by signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 knock-down using small interfering RNA. Our results show that IL-6 modulates androgen action through the differential recruitment of cofactors to target genes. These findings may account for the pleiotropic actions of IL-6 in malignant prostate cells.
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In the presence of androgen, IL-6 treatment of LNCaP cells impairs transcription of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) via a mechanism that prevents recruitment of the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300 to the PSA promoter.
“In the presence of androgen, IL-6 treatment of LNCaP cells impairs transcription of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), via a mechanism that prevents recruitment of the histone acetyltransferase coactivator p300 to the PSA promoter (21).”
From Minireview: Alternative Activation Pathways for the Androgen Receptor in Prostate Cancer (2011) · cites this paper as [21]
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- Authors
- Jia, L., Choong, C. S.-Y., Ricciardelli, C., Kim, J., Tilley, W. D., & Coetzee, G. A.
- Affiliations
- 1Department of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, and
- Hanson Institute (AU)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2004-04-01
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 2619-2626
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W1966572152
- Cited by
- 80
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA84890, T32CA009320, R01CA084890)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Keywords
- androgen receptor, interleukin-6, prostate-specific antigen, castration-resistant prostate cancer, dihydrotestosterone, nuclear translocation, transcriptional coactivator, P300, SMRT, HDAC1, histone H3 acetylation, corepressors, STAT3, MAPK signaling, Akt signaling, LNCaP cells
- MeSH terms
- Cell Nucleus, DNA-Binding Proteins, Histone Deacetylases, Humans, Male, Nuclear Proteins, Prostatic Neoplasms, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Receptors, Androgen, Repressor Proteins, Dihydrotestosterone, Signal Transduction, Transcriptional Activation, Trans-Activators, Interleukin-6, Gene Expression, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Cell Line, Tumor, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Histone Deacetylase 1, Nuclear Receptor Co-Repressor 2
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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