MDM2 SNP309 accelerates tumor formation in a gender-specific and hormone-dependent manner
Abstract
The importance of the p53 stress response pathway in the suppression of tumor formation is well documented. In a previous report, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP309 T/G) was found in the promoter of the MDM2 gene resulting in higher levels of MDM2 RNA and protein and, consequently, in the attenuation of the p53 pathway both in vitro and in vivo. As the SNP309 locus is found in a region of the MDM2 promoter, which is regulated by hormonal signaling pathways, and the G-allele of SNP309 increases the affinity of a well-described cotranscriptional activator of nuclear hormone receptors (i.e., Sp1), the hypothesis that the SNP309 locus could alter the effects of hormones on tumorigenesis was tested in vivo in humans. Data obtained from patients with three different sporadic cancers, from four independent case studies, support this hypothesis, providing an example for the genetic basis of gender differences in cancer and showing that the genotype at a specific locus can affect how hormones, like estrogen, affect tumorigenesis in humans.
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Women carrying an Mdm2 polymorphism that doubles Mdm2 expression have less p53 activation, which raises their risk of hormone-dependent breast cancer and makes it appear earlier.
“For example, a two-fold increase in Mdm2 expression due to a polymorphism in the Mdm2 gene reduces p53 activation enough to significantly increase the risk and decrease the age of onset for hormone-dependent breast cancer in women [74,75].”
From The p53 orchestra: Mdm2 and Mdmx set the tone (2010) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Bond, G. L., Hirshfield, K. M., Kirchhoff, T., Alexe, G., Bond, E. E., Robins, H., Bartel, F., Taubert, H., Wuerl, P., Hait, W., Toppmeyer, D., Offit, K., & Levine, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Institute for Advanced Study (US)
- Rutgers Cancer Institute (US)
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2006-05-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 5104-5110
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W2131732631
- Cited by
- 287
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 18.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (P01 CA 65930-08, P01CA087497, P01CA065930, P01CA87497., T32CA099946, T32 CA 99946-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer-related Molecular Pathways
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling in cancer
- Keywords
- MDM2, SNP309, promoter polymorphism, p53 pathway, tumor formation, gender differences in cancer, estrogen, Sp1, nuclear receptors, sporadic cancer, genetic susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Alleles, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent, Sarcoma, Case-Control Studies, Lymphoma, B-Cell, Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2
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