Kinetic Analysis of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Somatic Mutant Proteins Shows Increased Sensitivity to the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, Erlotinib
Abstract
We show that two commonly occurring epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) somatic mutations, L858R and an in-frame deletion mutant, Del(746-750), exhibit distinct enzymatic properties relative to wild-type EGFR and are differentially sensitive to erlotinib. Kinetic analysis of the purified intracellular domains of EGFR L858R and EGFR Del(746-750) reveals that both mutants are active but exhibit a higher KM for ATP and a lower Ki for erlotinib relative to wild-type receptor. When expressed in NR6 cells, a cell line that does not express EGFR or other ErbB receptors, both mutations are ligand dependent for receptor activation, can activate downstream EGFR signaling pathways, and promote cell cycle progression. As expected from the kinetic analysis, the EGFR Del(746-752) is more sensitive to erlotinib inhibition than the EGFR L858R mutant. Further characterization shows that these mutations promote ligand-dependent and anchorage-independent growth, and cells harboring these mutant receptors form tumors in immunocompromised mice. Analysis of tumor lysates reveals that the tumorigenicity of the mutant EGFR cell lines may be due to a differential pattern of mutant EGFR autophosphorylation as compared with wild-type receptor. Significant inhibition of tumor growth, in mice harboring wild-type EGFR receptors, is only observed at doses of erlotinib approaching the maximum tolerated dose for the mouse. In contrast, the growth of mutant tumors is inhibited by erlotinib treatment at approximately one third the maximum tolerated dose. These findings suggest that EGFR somatic mutations directly influence both erlotinib sensitivity and cellular transformation. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(16): 8163-71)
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The sensitivity of EGFR-L858R and exon 19 deletions to TKIs stems from enhanced intrinsic affinity for TKIs and markedly decreased affinity for ATP.
“The exquisite sensitivity of EGFR-L858R and exon 19 deletions to EGFR TKIs stems from two effects: their enhanced intrinsic affinity for these TKIs and their markedly decreased affinity for substrate ATP 38,39.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
The enhanced sensitivity of L858R and exon 19 deletion mutants relative to WT EGFR creates the therapeutic window that makes gefitinib and erlotinib useful drugs.
“Because the dose-limiting toxicities of gefitinib and erlotinib arise from inhibition of WT EGFR in normal tissues, the enhanced sensitivity of these mutants relative to WT EGFR effectively creates the “therapeutic window” that makes gefitinib and erlotinib useful drugs 39,50,56.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
The similar ATP and TKI binding properties of D770_N771insNPG compared with WT EGFR suggest that it will be difficult to achieve the requisite selectivity versus WT receptor.
“Additionally, the similar ATP and TKI binding properties of this mutant, as compared with WT EGFR, suggest that it will be difficult to achieve the requisite selectivity versus the WT receptor 39,50,56,58,59.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
The dose-limiting toxicities of gefitinib and erlotinib arise from inhibition of WT EGFR in normal tissues.
“Because the dose-limiting toxicities of gefitinib and erlotinib arise from inhibition of WT EGFR in normal tissues, the enhanced sensitivity of these mutants relative to WT EGFR effectively creates the “therapeutic window” that makes gefitinib and erlotinib useful drugs 39,50,56.”
From Structural, Biochemical, and Clinical Characterization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Exon 20 Insertion Mutations in Lung Cancer (2013) · cites this paper as [39]
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- Authors
- Carey, K. D., Garton, A. J., Romero, M. S., Kahler, J., Thomson, S., Ross, S., Park, F., Haley, J. D., Gibson, N., & Sliwkowski, M. X.
- Affiliations
- Genentech (US)
- 2Translational Research, OSI Pharmaceuticals, Farmingdale, New York; and
- 3SGX Pharmaceuticals, Inc., San Diego, California
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2006-08-15
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 8163-8171
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W2145497412
- Cited by
- 445
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 9.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › HER2/EGFR in Cancer Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Keywords
- epidermal growth factor receptor, L858R mutation, in-frame deletion mutants, erlotinib, tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitivity, receptor tyrosine kinase, ATP affinity, ligand-dependent receptor activation, autophosphorylation, anchorage-independent growth, tumor growth inhibition, cell transformation, EGFR signaling
- MeSH terms
- Erlotinib Hydrochloride, Cell Division, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Cloning, Molecular, Genetic Vectors, Humans, Kinetics, Mutation, Quinazolines, Mutagenesis, Sequence Deletion, Cell Line, Tumor, Protein Kinase Inhibitors, ErbB Receptors
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