The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Chemokine Expression in Melanoma Metastases Associated with CD8+ T-Cell Recruitment
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
Despite the frequent detection of circulating tumor antigen-specific T cells, either spontaneously or following active immunization or adoptive transfer, immune-mediated cancer regression occurs only in the minority of patients. One theoretical rate-limiting step is whether effector T cells successfully migrate into metastatic tumor sites. Affymetrix gene expression profiling done on a series of metastatic melanoma biopsies revealed a major segregation of samples based on the presence or absence of T-cell-associated transcripts. The presence of lymphocytes correlated with the expression of defined chemokine genes. A subset of six chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10) was confirmed by protein array and/or quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to be preferentially expressed in tumors that contained T cells. Corresponding chemokine receptors were found to be up-regulated on human CD8(+) effector T cells, and transwell migration assays confirmed the ability of each of these chemokines to promote migration of CD8(+) effector cells in vitro. Screening by chemokine protein array identified a subset of melanoma cell lines that produced a similar broad array of chemokines. These melanoma cells more effectively recruited human CD8(+) effector T cells when implanted as xenografts in nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice in vivo. Chemokine blockade with specific antibodies inhibited migration of CD8(+) T cells. Our results suggest that lack of critical chemokines in a subset of melanoma metastases may limit the migration of activated T cells, which in turn could limit the effectiveness of antitumor immunity.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Tumors from patients showing sustained treatment response predominately demonstrate a T cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment prior to, or early on, treatment.”
From Reimagining IDO Pathway Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy via Downstream Focus on the Tryptophan–Kynurenine–Aryl Hydrocarbon Axis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Tumor analysis from patients with metastatic melanoma receiving vaccine and cytokine therapies suggested a paradigm of two broad phenotypes characterized by the presence or absence a T cell-inflamed tumor.”
From Reimagining IDO Pathway Inhibition in Cancer Immunotherapy via Downstream Focus on the Tryptophan–Kynurenine–Aryl Hydrocarbon Axis (2019) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“an effector population shown to be a target of downstream STING signaling involving the IFN-β-CXCL9/10 axis.54–58”
From Functional tumor cell-intrinsic STING, not host STING, drives local and systemic antitumor immunity and therapy efficacy following cryoablation (2023) · cites this paper as [55]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Mutations of the BRAF gene in human cancer
Davies, H., Bignell, G. R., Cox, C., Stephens, P., Edkins, S., Clegg, S., Teague, J., Woffendin, H., Garnett, M. J., Bottomley, W., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00766 · Cited by 10,674
Zlotnik, A., & Yoshie, O. (2000) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80165-x · Cited by 3,923 · cited 3×
“The indicated chemokines are GRO (1), IL-8 (2 ), CTACK (3), CXCL16 (4 ), IP-10 (5), MCP-1 (6), MIG (7), MIP-1a (8), MIP-1h (9), PARC (10), and RANTES (11 ).”
BackgroundCastellino, F., Huang, A. Y.-C., Altan-Bonnet, G. Y., Stoll, S., Scheinecker, C., & Germain, R. N. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04651 · Cited by 847 · cited 1×
“Recent work has suggested that CXCR4 and CCR5 may cooperatively provide a costimulatory signal for T-cell activation (16) and that CCR5 on CD8 T cells may be important for the generation of a memory phenotype (17).”
BackgroundSchadendorf, D., Ugurel, S., Schuler‐Thurner, B., Nestle, F. O., Enk, A., Bröcker, E.-B., Grabbe, S., Rittgen, W., Edler, L., Sucker, A., et al. (2006) · Annals of Oncology · doi:10.1093/annonc/mdj138 · Cited by 470 · cited 2×
“Three chemokine proteins that were reproducibly detected at abundant levels in the tumors with T cells were CCL2/MCP-1, CCL4/MIP-1h, and CCL5/RANTES.”
Rosenberg, S. A., Sherry, R. M., Morton, K. E., Sharfman, W., Yang, J. C., Topalian, S. L., Royal, R. E., Kammula, U. S., Restifo, N. P., Hughes, M. S., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.175.9.6169 · Cited by 460 · cited 2×
“Because it seemed likely that the protein array approach might not be sensitive enough to detect chemokines in low abundance, real-time RT-PCR was done for expression of CXCL9/Mig, CXCL10/IP-10, and CCL3/MIP-1a.”
Immune resistance orchestrated by the tumor microenvironment
Gajewski, T. F., Meng, Y., Blank, C., Brown, I., Kacha, A., Kline, J., & Harlin, H. (2006) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.2006.00442.x · Cited by 437 · cited 4×
“Numerous putative mechanisms by which tumors can evade immune attack despite the presence of antigen-specific CD8 effector T cells have been proposed and supported by preclinical models (7).”
BackgroundInfluentialRecent Advances in Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors
Zlotnik, A., Morales, J., & Hedrick, J. A. (1999) · Critical Reviews in Immunology · doi:10.1615/critrevimmunol.v19.i1.10 · Cited by 410 · cited 1×
“and positively reinforce recruitment of additional specific T-cell subsets (13).”
BackgroundCancer vaccines based on the identification of genes encoding cancer regression antigens
Rosenberg, S. A. (1997) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/s0167-5699(97)84664-6 · Cited by 386 · cited 4×
“The indicated chemokines are GRO (1), IL-8 (2 ), CTACK (3), CXCL16 (4 ), IP-10 (5), MCP-1 (6), MIG (7), MIP-1a (8), MIP-1h (9), PARC (10), and RANTES (11 ).”
BackgroundInfluentialRosenberg, S. A., & Dudley, M. E. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0405730101 · Cited by 366 · cited 1×
“Our results have implications for the use of autologous tumorinfiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) as an adoptive transfer immunotherapeutic strategy (23).”
ResultPriming of naive T cells inside tumors leads to eradication of established tumors
Yu, P., Lee, Y., Liu, W., Chin, R., Wang, J. H., Wang, Y., Schietinger, A., Philip, M., Schreiber, H. W., & Fu, Y. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1029 · Cited by 354 · cited 1×
“Transfection of tumor cells to express LIGHT results in potent tumor rejection (26), and introduction of an adenoviral vector encoding LIGHT can improve the control of preestablished tumors and promote rejection of micrometastases (27).”
Background
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,000
Roznovan, C. N., Marutescu, L. G., & Pîrcălăbioru, G. G. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136177 · Cited by 9
“Among them, CXCR3 ligands such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11, produced consequently to IFN-γ signaling, have been extensively studied [33].”
Particle Shape Modulates the Function of Adoptive Macrophage Transfers
Kwan, M. M. C., Day, N. B., Konigsberg, I. R., Thoresen, E., Harrell, A. M., Busch, C. E., Davidson, E., Yang, I. V., & Shields, C. W. (2025) · Advanced Healthcare Materials · doi:10.1002/adhm.202501348 · Cited by 8
Thierry, S., Maadadi, S., Berton, A., Dimier, L., Perret, C., Vey, N., Ourfali, S., Saccas, M., Caron, S., Boucard-Jourdin, M., et al. (2023) · Microbial Cell · doi:10.15698/mic2023.06.797 · Cited by 8
“These cytokines/chemokines have been described to be associated with efficient antitumor immunity [41-43].”
Ceci, C., García‐Chico, C., Atzori, M. G., Lacal, P. M., Lista, S., Santos‐Lozano, A., Graziani, G., & Pinto-Fraga, J. (2023) · Journal of Cancer · doi:10.7150/jca.88559 · Cited by 9
“Since chemokines play a major role in recruiting tumor infiltrating lymphocytes [64], melanomas showing low expression levels of chemokine receptors (CXCR3 and CCR5) ligands are poorly infiltrated by T cells [65].”
BackgroundMechanisms and measures to modulate T cell trafficking for amplified and tolerogenic immunity
Lu, Y., Liu, X., & You, J. (2023) · Nano Today · doi:10.1016/j.nantod.2023.102129 · Cited by 8
Cell-mediated barriers in cancer immunosurveillance
Rezaie, J., Chodari, L., Mohammadpour-Asl, S., Jafari, A., & Niknam, Z. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122528 · Cited by 9
Chemokine‐Based Injectable Navigation System for Enhancing CAR‐T Cell Therapy Against Solid Tumors
Wan, W., Han, W., Chen, J., Li, Y., Zhao, L., Gao, M., Shen, C., Liu, N., Deng, W., Ma, S., et al. (2024) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.202401161 · Cited by 8
G protein‐coupled receptor‐mediated signaling of immunomodulation in tumor progression
Qiu, G., Yu, B., & Ma, M. (2024) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202400458r · Cited by 9
“13,14 GPCRs also indirectly impeded CD8 + T-cell contact with tumor cells by promoting the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).”
Tissue-Specific Homing of Immune Cells in Malignant Skin Tumors
Jókai, H., Marschalkó, M., Csomor, J., Szakonyi, J., Kontár, O., Barna, G., Kárpáti, S., & Holló, P. (2012) · Pathology & Oncology Research · doi:10.1007/s12253-012-9529-5 · Cited by 8
“The different signaling pathways can differently influence the expression of chemokine genes as well as other factors contributing to the tumor-specific migration of immune cells [45].”
BackgroundGad, A. Z., El‐Naggar, S., & Ahmed, N. M. (2016) · Cytotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.07.004 · Cited by 8
Meng, Q., Zhang, Y., & Hu, L. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.00886 · Cited by 8
“CXCR3, a predominant chemokine receptor expressed on TILs, is expressed in several solid tumors, including melanoma (25), colorectal cancer (26), and breast cancer (27).”
BackgroundFujii, K., Miyahara, Y., Harada, N., Muraoka, D., Komura, M., Yamaguchi, R., Yagita∥, H., Nakamura, J., Sugino, S., Okumura, S., et al. (2017) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2017.1306617 · Cited by 8
Moghimi, B., & Barrett, D. M. (2017) · Current Stem Cell Reports · doi:10.1007/s40778-017-0101-9 · Cited by 8
Survival correlation of immune response in human cancers
Liu, Y. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.27360 · Cited by 8
“It was previously reported that high expression of chemokines in the tumor microenvironment promoted T cell infiltration and induced immune-mediated tumor regression [8, 9].”
BackgroundProtein-protein interaction prediction by combined analysis of genomic and conservation information
Emamjomeh, A., Goliaei, B., Torkamani, A., Ebrahimpour, R., Mohammadi, N., & Parsian, A. (2014) · Genes & Genetic Systems · doi:10.1266/ggs.89.259 · Cited by 7
“noma datasets (namely, GSE8401, GSE22083, GSE12445, GSE12627 and GSE9118) consisting of 298 samples, were extracted from GEO/NCBI (Eskandarpour et al., 2009; Harlin et al., 2009; Muthusamy et al., 2006; Tock et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2008).”
MethodPredictors of Response to Intravesical Therapy
Li, R., & Kamat, A. M. (2019) · Urologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2019.09.005 · Cited by 8
Nealy, E. S., Reed, J., Adelmund, S. M., Badeau, B. A., Shadish, J. A., Girard, E. J., Brasel, K., Pakiam, F. J., Mhyre, A. J., Price, J. P., et al. (2024) · Bioengineering & Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/btm2.10668 · Cited by 7
Desîlets, A., Pinheiro, G., Belkaïd, W., Salko, O., Malo, J., Zarour, E., Jouquan, A., Thibaudeau, A.-J., Nolin, M., Stagg, J., et al. (2024) · JTO Clinical and Research Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jtocrr.2024.100737 · Cited by 7
Mastrogiovanni, M., Donnadieu, E., Pathak, R., & Bartolo, V. D. (2024) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology13110860 · Cited by 8
“The expression of CXCR3 receptor ligands has been associated with T-cell in fi ltration in melanoma and NK cell accumulation in lymphoma and melanoma [8,9]. to the vessel wall proposed by E. C. Butcher in 1991 [11].”
Sweis, R. F., Chatta, G. S., Jain, R., Moon, H., Delacroix, S. E., Fang, A., D’Amico, L., Kask, A. S., Cheever, M. A., Fling, S. P., et al. (2024) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-1728 · Cited by 7
Xiong, Y., Weng, Y., Zhu, S., Qin, J., Feng, J. F., Jing, X., Luo, C., Gong, W., Sun, R., & Peng, M. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1534936 · Cited by 7
“Increased expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 has been associated with increased in fi ltration of activated T cells in many human cancers, including melanoma, ovarian, and colon cancer (26 – 29).”
Hilliard, A. L., Russell, T. D., Mendonca, P., & Soliman, K. F. A. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17172794 · Cited by 10
“The TIME is composed of various immune cell subtypes, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) [17], TAMs [18,19], tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) [20], myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) [21], T cells (cytotoxic and regulatory) [22–24], and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [25].”
Enhancing natural killer cell anti-tumour activity through macrophage manipulation
Palmer, N., Khakoo, S. I., Sánchez-Elsner, T., & Vallejo, A. F. (2025) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1656925 · Cited by 11
“Unlike T cells, which face challenges such as exhaustion, antigen escape, and TME in fi ltration (119 – 122), macrophages are already abundant and well-established within tumours (61, 62).”
Kodamasimham, S., Ju, H. H., Zhou, X., Haggag, Y. A., Huang, C., Ha, B.-J., Salamevich, D. A., Cho, Y. S., Wu, Q., Schwendeman, S. P., et al. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.114410 · Cited by 7
“However, many patients have “ cold ” TME with minimal T cell infiltration, thus limiting the efficacy of ICBs [7,8].”
Immunogenomics approaches for vaccine evaluation
Petrizzo, A., Tornesello, M. L., Buonaguro, L., & Buonaguro, L. (2012) · Journal of Immunotoxicology · doi:10.3109/1547691x.2012.707698 · Cited by 7
Wang, K. Y. X., Pupo, G. M., Tembe, V., Patrick, E., Strbenac, D., Schramm, S., Thompson, J. F., Scolyer, R. A., Müller, S., Tarr, G., et al. (2022) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-022-00618-5 · Cited by 7
Miller, C. L., Sagiv-Barfi, I., Neuhöfer, P., Czerwinski, D. K., Bertozzi, C. R., Cochran, J. R., & Levy, R. (2023) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.2200950 · Cited by 7
Zhang, S., Fan, W., Ding, C., Zhang, M., Liu, S., Liu, W., Tang, Z., Huang, C., Yan, L., & Song, S. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c01384 · Cited by 7
Wu, X., Zhao, Z., Yu, W., Liu, S., Zhou, M. R., Jiang, N., Du, X., Yang, X., Chen, J., Guo, H., et al. (2024) · ACS Chemical Biology · doi:10.1021/acschembio.4c00635 · Cited by 7
Qiu, C. C., Kotredes, K. P., Cremers, T., Patel, S., Afanassiev, A., Slifker, M. J., Gallucci, S., & Gamero, A. M. (2020) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2020.1860477 · Cited by 7
“Evidence of IFN-I signaling in T cells infiltrating human melanoma tumors highlights the importance of host IFN-I in the generation of robust CD8+ cytolytic T cell (CTL) response.(30) Therefore, we evaluated human melanoma samples for the presence of an IFN-I/STAT2 dependent signature in cDCs.”
BackgroundColorectal Cancer and Immunity: From the Wet Lab to Individuals
Pramil, É., Dillard, C., & Escargueil, A. E. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13071713 · Cited by 9
“However, beside the direct effect of MEK inhibition on cancer cells, the authors showed that G-38963 (which is similar to the MEK inhibitor Cobimetinib) can increase the number of effector-phenotype antigen-specific CD8+ T-cells within the tumor and act on the tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells’ biology and survival.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMeireson, A., Tavernier, S. J., Gassen, S. V., Sundahl, N., Demeyer, A., Spaas, M., Krüse, V., Ferdinande, L., Dorpe, J. V., Hennart, B., et al. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13112630 · Cited by 7
“In line with this, higher serum concentrations of CXCL10, an IFNγinducible chemokine involved in T-cell recruitment to the tumor [21,22], were measured in melanoma compared to UC.”
ResultWu, J., Huang, Y., Yu, C., Li, X., Wang, L., Hong, J., Lin, D., Han, X., Guo, G., Hu, T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2021.693034 · Cited by 7
Xu, B., Lou, Y. L. G., Xu, X., Li, X., Tian, X., Yu, Z., & Chen, X. (2023) · Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening · doi:10.2174/1386207326666230321091943 · Cited by 7
Shen, J., Mancina, E. G., Chen, S., Manolakou, T., Gad, H., Berglund, U. W., Sanjiv, K., & Helleday, T. (2024) · Oncogenesis · doi:10.1038/s41389-024-00518-1 · Cited by 7
“In conclusion, our data indicates that TH1579 has the potential to enhance the expression of PD-L1, CCL5, CXCL10 and IFN-β by activating the cGAS-STING pathway.”
BackgroundDetailed Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms in Primary and Metastatic Melanoma
Xu, Y., Mu, Y., Wang, L., & Zhang, X. (2019) · Journal of Computational Biology · doi:10.1089/cmb.2019.0197 · Cited by 7
“Migration of CD8 + T cells is crucial for metastasis of melanoma (Helena et al., 2009).”
Dillman, R. O., Nistor, G. I., & Poole, A. J. (2019) · Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics · doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1680239 · Cited by 6
“Such chemokines are associated with a robust effector T cell phenotype in melanoma samples.(77) It has been suggested that strategies to increase Th17 cells may be beneficial in cancer immunotherapy,(78) although in some tumors they seem to be associated with immunosuppression,(39,40) Interestingly, in a B16 melanoma…”
BackgroundWu, X., Gao, X., Xing, X., Wen, X., Li, Z., & Ji, J. (2020) · Annals of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1245/s10434-020-09005-4 · Cited by 7
Lin, X., Li, H., Li, X., Yang, X., Shi, W., Ding, Z., Zhong, D., Li, Y., Yang, W., Yu, X., et al. (2021) · Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology · doi:10.1166/jbn.2021.3140 · Cited by 7
Wang, S., Peng, P., Wang, J., Zhang, Z., Liu, P., & Xu, L. X. (2024) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/s00262-024-03884-2 · Cited by 6
“First, T cells have difficulty infiltrating the tumor to perform their killing function due to physical and metabolic barriers and the lack of chemotactic signals [3, 4].”
Acquired resistance to PD-L1 inhibition enhances a type I IFN-regulated secretory program in tumors
Shi, Y., McKenery, A., Dolan, M., Mastri, M., Hill, J. W., Dommer, A. P., Benzekry, S., Long, M., Abrams, S. I., Puzanov, I. J., et al. (2024) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00333-0 · Cited by 8
“But in other tumor models, these cytokines have been shown to have anti-tumor effects including proliferation, recruitment and traf fi cking of cytotoxic T cells (Fisher et al, 2014; Fisher et al, 2011; Harlin et al, 2009; Hopewell et al, 2013).”
Gao, W., Li, F., Wu, T., & Ji, L. (2025) · Microbial Pathogenesis · doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107296 · Cited by 6
Kim, S. E., Bak, S., Park, J. H., Lee, J. E., Lee, Y. J., Park, M. S., Ko, S., Choi, H., Jung, K. H., Na, K., et al. (2025) · Journal of Controlled Release · doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2025.113872 · Cited by 6
Owoicho, A. M., Ogenyi, D. O., Zhilenkova, A. V., Essogmo, F. E., Uchendu, I. K., Tchawe, Y. S. N., Pascal, A. M., Nikitina, N. M., Onoja, S. O., Pavliv, M. P., et al. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26136161 · Cited by 8
Zhang, C., & Wu, S. (2023) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202300505rr · Cited by 6
Development of nano-immunotherapy for cancer treatment: achievements and scopes
Raj, A., Babu, A., Kothandan, V. K., Park, I., & Hwang, S. R. (2023) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40005-023-00644-9 · Cited by 6
“It has been stated that cancer patients showing the excluded infiltration of CTLs did not respond to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy despite proliferation and PD-L1 expression of immune cells (Fig.”
BackgroundInfluentialDing, G., Wang, T., Tang, G., Zou, Q., Wu, G., & Wu, J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23503 · Cited by 6
Dendritic Cells Interactions with the Immune System – Implications for Vaccine Development
Salvador, A., Igartúa, M., Luis, J., & Maria, R. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/48513 · Cited by 6
“activating T cells [85,86].”
Tissue Biomarkers in Melanoma Patients Treated with TIL
Knol, A., Nguyen, J., Pandolfino, M., Quereux, G., Brocard, A., Peuvrel, L., Saint-Jean, M., Saïagh, S., Khammari, A., & Dréno, B. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048729 · Cited by 6
“In this context, gene expression profiling in melanoma metastases has recently identified at least 2 broad subsets of tumors characterized by expression of immunomodulatory genes and specific subsets of immune effector cells [26].”
BackgroundCaro, G. D., Marchesi, F., Galdiero, M. R., & Grizzi, F. (2014) · Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics · doi:10.1586/14737159.2014.900443 · Cited by 6
“CXCL9 and CXCL10 [89].”
Pourmir, I., Gazeau, B., Basile, H. D. S., & Fabre, E. (2020) · Cancer Drug Resistance · doi:10.20517/cdr.2020.14 · Cited by 5
“chemokines such as CCL5, CXCL9, CXCL10 enhance the recruitment of T-cells into the tumor([52]) and preclinical studies in mice showed that infiltrating anti-tumor CD8 T-cells are required for clinical response to anti-PD-1 treatment([53]).”
BackgroundCD103 and periplakin are potential biomarkers for response of metastatic melanoma to pembrolizumab
Edmonds, N. L., Flores, S. E., Mahmutovic, A., Young, S. J., Mauldin, I. S., & Slingluff, C. L. (2022) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0000000000000855 · Cited by 6
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy for Cancer: A Basic Research-Oriented Perspective
Han, C., & Kwon, B. S. (2018) · Immunotherapy · doi:10.2217/imt-2017-0133 · Cited by 6
HER2-Specific Vaccines for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Immunotherapy
Omabe, M., Ahmed, S., Sami, A., Xie, Y., Tao, M., & Xiang, J. (2015) · World Journal of Vaccines · doi:10.4236/wjv.2015.52013 · Cited by 6
“In addition, CD4 type-2 help T (TH2) cells inhibit the generation of CTLs by secreting IL-4, which on the other hand leads to generation of a subpopulation of CTLs, termed CD8 type-2 cytotoxic T (Tc2) cells, known to have limited killing capacity due to their low expression of granzymes and perforin [106].”
BackgroundWang, J., Jiang, C., Ye, Y., Gao, Y.-X., Zheng, Q.-L., Luo, H.-Y., Wang, S., Zhang, T., Jin, Q., Zheng, C., et al. (2025) · npj Precision Oncology · doi:10.1038/s41698-025-01071-9 · Cited by 5
“Together, these results highlight the critical role of a preactivated anti-tumor immune micro-environmentforachievinganimmunotherapeuticresponse 30 – 32 .”
Liu, S., Liu, M., Wang, Z., Hu, S., Zhang, K., Lu, C. F., Cheng, X., Shen, M., Bi, J., Zhu, D., et al. (2026) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-025-02890-8 · Cited by 8
“These interactions facilitate an increased infiltration of CD103 + CD11c + cells compared to control and pembrolizumab treatment, subsequently recruiting CD8 + T cells into the TME (Fig.”
InfluentialToward the Identification of Genetic Determinants of Responsiveness to Cancer Immunotherapy
Bedognetti, D., Tomei, S., Hendrickx, W., Marincola, F. M., & Wang, E. (2015) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-21167-1_5 · Cited by 4
Immune Checkpoint Blockade and Adaptive Immune Resistance in Cancer
Wong, R. M. H., & Cameron, R. B. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/66494 · Cited by 7
“These chemokines, including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CXCL9, and CXCL10, might have utility as clinical therapies to improve T cell trafficking to tumors [47].”
BackgroundOweida, A. J., & Paquette, B. (2021) · International Journal of Radiation Biology · doi:10.1080/09553002.2021.1956005 · Cited by 5
“In particular, the CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9, and CXCL10, have been shown to correlate with T cell infiltration into tumors and enhanced antitumor responses (Zhao et al. 2015; Tokunaga et al. 2018).”
BackgroundRegulation of the Immune Checkpoint Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Expression by Epstein–Barr Virus
Sawada, L., Vallinoto, A. C. R., & Costa, I. B. (2021) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom11121792 · Cited by 5
“A group of tumors has the T cell-inflamed tumor phenotype, which is characterized by a large number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and interferon (IFN)transcriptional profiles, including the expression of PD-L1 [53,54], and a high mutation burden responding to checkpoint immunotherapy [55].”
BackgroundCao, L., Liu, M., Ma, X., Rong, P., Zhang, J., & Wang, W. (2023) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/0109298673274578231030065454 · Cited by 5
Pavelková, L., Táborská, E., Syding, L. A., Plačková, K., Simonova, E., Hladíková, K., Hensler, M., Laco, J., Koucký, V., Zábrodský, M., et al. (2024) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101884 · Cited by 6
“In contrast, chemo-kines CXCL9 and CXCL10 produced by OPSCC-derived epithelial cells play crucial roles in the chemotaxis of lymphocytes and are associated with an immunologically hot TME [33,34].”
BackgroundHuang, Y., Li, L., Kang, Z., Luo, H., Lin, X., Shu, Z., Zhang, Q., Li, Q., Liu, H., & Li, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2903098 · Cited by 5
Huang, L., Gao, R., Nan, L., Qi, J., Yang, S., Shao, S., Xie, J., Pan, M., Qiu, T., & Zhang, J. (2024) · Journal of Immunotherapy · doi:10.1097/cji.0000000000000516 · Cited by 5
“15,27,28 To investigate the role of CCL5 on the TME, we analyzed RNA-seq data of CRC cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas data sets and Gene Expression Omnibus data sets.”
MethodFAM20A: a potential diagnostic biomarker for lung squamous cell carcinoma
Zhang, Y., Sun, Q., Liang, Y., Yang, X. F., Wang, H., Song, S., Wang, Y., & Feng, Y. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1424197 · Cited by 5
“Activation of receptor-interacting protein kinases (RIPK1, RIPK3) promotes upregulation of chemokines, facilitating the in fi ltration of CD8 T cells and thereby enhancing anti-tumor immunity (31).”
BackgroundMolina-García, M., Rojas‐Lechuga, M. J., Torres, T., Bagué, J., Mateu, J., Langdon, C., Lop, J., de Souza, V. G., Alós, L., López‐Chacon, M., et al. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16244172 · Cited by 5
Adipocyte-derived CXCL10 in obesity promotes the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells
Wang, Z., Ou, Q., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Zhu, Q., Feng, J., Han, F., & Gao, L. (2024) · Journal of Ovarian Research · doi:10.1186/s13048-024-01568-0 · Cited by 5
“For example, the CXCL10 produced by tumors can recruit CXCR3 + T cells and NK cells to suppress tumors [41, 45, 47, 48].”
The Extra‐Tumoral Vaccine Effects of Apoptotic Bodies in the Advancement of Cancer Treatment
Wang, Y., Liu, C., Pang, J., Li, Z., Zhang, J., & Dong, L. (2025) · Small · doi:10.1002/smll.202410503 · Cited by 5
Kremenovic, M., Rombini, N., Chan, A. A., Gruber, T., Bäriswyl, L., Lee, D. J., & Schenk, M. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12061431 · Cited by 5
“In melanoma, the presence of CXCR3 ligands such as CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 has been associated with enhanced CD8+ T cell infiltration and hence, better survival prognosis [23].”
BackgroundNormalizing the Tumor Microenvironment for Radiosensitization
Martin, J. D., & Jain, R. K. (2020) · Cancer drug discovery and develogment/Cancer drug discovery and development · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-49701-9_12 · Cited by 5
Montoyo-Pujol, Y. G., Wang, X., Sanchez, S. B., Castro, A. M., Almazán-Fernández, F. M., & López‐Nevot, M. Á. (2021) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgab004 · Cited by 5
Zufferey, M., Liu, Y., Tavernari, D., Mina, M., & Ciriello, G. (2021) · Genome biology · doi:10.1186/s13059-021-02436-6 · Cited by 5
“For this purpose, we used the T cell infiltration signature, retrieving corresponding published lists of genes [50, 51].”
MethodLi, W., Lv, L., Ruan, M., Xu, J., Zhu, W., Li, Q., Jiang, X., Zheng, L., & Zhu, W. (2022) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-022-03660-8 · Cited by 5
Katoh, Y., Hara, H., Harada, T., & Hirai, S. (2022) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000030471 · Cited by 5
“[18] Recent reports have shown that the expression of chemokines such as C-C motif chemokine ligand 4, C-C motif chemokine ligand 5, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10, which are associated with lymphocyte infiltration, and the expression of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8,…”
BackgroundPan, J., Chen, X., Yang, L., Song, Y., Liu, J., Li, L., Lin, Y., Tang, L., Qiu, S., & Xu, Q. H. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark · doi:10.31083/j.fbl2806130 · Cited by 5
“Multiple chemokines are associated with the infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells in melanoma, such as the CCR5 ligands, CCL4 and CCL5, as well as the CXCR3 ligands, CXCL9 and CXCL10, which are interferon-responsive genes that have been shown to be activated in DC following the activation of type I interferon [60].”
BackgroundKnopick, P. L., Terman, D. S., Riha, N., Alvine, T., Larson, R., Badiou, C., Lina, G., Ballantyne, J. A., & Bradley, D. S. (2020) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2020-001493 · Cited by 6
Tumor cell p38 inhibition to overcome immunotherapy resistancePreprint
Luke, J. J., Dadey, R., Augustin, R. C., Newman, S., Singh, K. B., Doerfler, R., Behr, S., Lee, P., Isett, B. R., Deitrick, C., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3183496/v1 · Cited by 5
Chantzoura, E., Altman-Sharoni, E., Michelet, X., Popis, M. C., Niedzielska, M., Joshi, B. P., Masakayan, R., Rubí-Sans, G., Addis, S., Keith, J. G., et al. (2025) · Cancer Immunology Research · doi:10.1158/2326-6066.cir-25-0349 · Cited by 4
Paver, E. C., Gide, T. N., Yaseen, Z., Cornejo‐Páramo, P., Ferguson, P. M., Maher, N. G., Menzies, A. M., Carlino, M. S., da Silva, I. P., Holst, J., et al. (2026) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-025-03637-8 · Cited by 4
“Firstly, T-cell recruitment relies on, and is highly correlated with, the production of chemokines such as CXC ligands (CXCL) 9, 10 and 11 [39–41].”
Lee, J., Kang, H., Chen, B., Na, Y., Khatri, I. A., Soares, F., He, H. H., Law, A., Pan, T., Gerbitz, A., et al. (2025) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-024-03247-w · Cited by 4
“…each of these secreted proteins had no effect on the ability of DNTs to promote the anti-leukemic activity of Tconv cells in vitro , several studies have reported the role of CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5 for the recruitment of effector Tconv cells to cancer sites to promote anti-cancer activities [56–58].”
Tarhini, A. A., Obermayer, A., Lee, S. J., LaFramboise, W. A., Hodi, F. S., Karunamurthy, A. D., Eljilany, I., Chen, D., Hwu, P., Naqa, I. E., et al. (2025) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-24-3980 · Cited by 4
Kokolus, K. M., Huck, C. J., Connors, E., Gomez, E. C., Wang, J., Obermajer, N., Basse, P. H., & Kaliński, P. (2025) · Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer · doi:10.1136/jitc-2025-012307 · Cited by 4
Micro/Nano-Engineering of Cells for Delivery of Therapeutics
Levy, O., Han, E., Ngai, J., Anandakumaran, P. N., Tong, Z., Ng, K. S., & Karp, J. M. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-3146-6.00012-x · Cited by 4
Kang, J. Y., Yang, J., Lee, H., Park, S., Gil, M., & Kim, K. E. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010359 · Cited by 4
Advanced strategies in improving the immunotherapeutic effect of CAR‐T cell therapy
Wang, M., Jia, L., Dai, X., & Zhang, X. (2024) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13621 · Cited by 5
“The transport of CAR-T cells into the tumor microenvironment is dynamic, involving many different processes, such as cell rolling and adhesion, some extravasations and chemotaxis, and is also influenced by chemokines [167,168].”
BackgroundcGAS-STING and PD1/PDL-1 pathway in breast cancer: a window to new therapies
Khorasani, M., & Alaei, M. (2024) · Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction · doi:10.1080/10799893.2024.2325353 · Cited by 4
“The cGAS-STING pathway has emerged as a significant player in the cancer-immunity cycle, regulating multiple steps in tumor cells and immune cells [40,41].”
BackgroundADAM10 modulates the efficacy of T‐cell‐mediated therapy in solid tumors
Abdalla, A. M. E., Miao, Y., Ming, N., & Ouyang, C. (2024) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1111/imcb.12826 · Cited by 5
“10,11 An essential mechanism regulating T-cell activation and infiltration to the inflammatory or tumor sites involves the proteolytic cleavage, also known as “shedding”, of adhesion and cell surface antigens by cell-associated metalloproteases.”
Nahas, G. R., Walker, N. D., Bryan, M., & Rameshwar, P. (2015) · Breast Cancer Basic and Clinical Research · doi:10.4137/bcbcr.s29425 · Cited by 4
Evaluation of Production Protocols for the Generation of NY-ESO-1-Specific T Cells
Gong, W., Wang, L., Stock, S., Ni, M., Schubert, M., Neuber, B., Kleist, C., Hückelhoven‐Krauss, A., Wu, D., Müller‐Tidow, C., et al. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10010152 · Cited by 4
“Melanoma with low expression of ligands for CXCR3 is poorly infiltrated by T cells [38].”
BackgroundRole of Nanomedicine for Cancer Immunotherapy
Nasra, S., Chaudhari, R. H., & Kumar, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7564-8_6 · Cited by 4
Tumor-on-a-chip devices for cancer immunotherapy
Mu, X., & Zhang, Y. S. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-90949-5.00006-1 · Cited by 4
Chen, R., Cai, Q., Lin, P., Liang, F., Han, P., Zhang, L., Song, P., Zhang, T., & Huang, X. (2022) · Head & Neck · doi:10.1002/hed.27218 · Cited by 4
“The immune pattern of the TME is segregated into three main phenotypes: the immune-desert phenotype, immune–excluded phenotype, and immune-inflamed phenotype based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and CD8 IHC.(5,6,15,16) The immune-inflamed phenotype is characterized by the presence of CD8 T cells in the tumor…”
BackgroundA signature-based classification of lung adenocarcinoma that stratifies tumor immunity
Zhang, X., Jiang, D., Li, S., Zhang, X., Zheng, W., & Cheng, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.1023833 · Cited by 4
Luo, J., Shi, X., Liu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, H., Yang, X., Sun, Q., Hui, Z., Wei, F., Ren, X., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1302761 · Cited by 4
Siddiqui, I., Mantovani, A., & Allavena, P. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-44946-2_14 · Cited by 4
Yamaguchi, R., & Perkins, G. A. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-35727-6_2 · Cited by 4
Rao, D., Lacroix, R., Rooker, A., Gomes, T., Stunnenberg, J. A., Valenti, M., Dimitriadis, P., Lin, C., de Bruijn, B., Krijgsman, O., et al. (2022) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/cmr.0000000000000863 · Cited by 4
Gajewski, T. F. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7219-4_15 · Cited by 4
“Of the 58 genes that uniquely characterized this group, 41 of them (71%) were clearly immune-related, and 20 of these (34%) are thought to be uniquely expressed in lymphocytes (Harlin et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialMolecular Profiling of Immunotherapeutic Resistance
Bedognetti, D., Wang, E., Sato‐Matsushita, M., Marincola, F. M., & Ascierto, M. L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-394296-8.00023-3 · Cited by 4
How anti-PD1 Treatments Are Changing the Management of Melanoma
Hersey, P., Kakavand, H., Wilmott, J. S., van der Westhuizen, A., Gallagher, S. J., Gowrishankar, K., & Scolyer, R. A. (2014) · Melanoma Management · doi:10.2217/mmt.14.14 · Cited by 4
Metadata
- Authors
- Harlin, H., Meng, Y., Peterson, A. C., Zha, Y., Tretiakova, M., Slingluff, C., McKee, M., & Gajewski, T. F.
- Affiliations
- 1Department of Pathology,
- 2Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology/Oncology, and
- University of Virginia (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3077-3085
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- PMC
- PMC3886718
- OpenAlex
- W2162222767
- Cited by
- 1,121
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 40 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 89 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 118 · 2021: 121 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 69 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 51 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 17.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund
- University of Chicago
- National Cancer Institute (P01CA97296, R01 CA90575, R01CA090575, P01CA097296, P30CA044579)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Chemokine receptors and signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Keywords
- melanoma metastasis, chemokines, CD8+ T cell recruitment, T cell migration, MCP-1, CCL3, carbon tetrachloride, RANTES, CXCL9, CXCL10, chemokine receptors, tumor immune microenvironment, chemokine blockade, antitumor immunity, melanoma cell lines, xenografts
- MeSH terms
- Cell Movement, Multigene Family, Humans, Melanoma, Gene Expression, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Chemokines, Protein Array Analysis, Cell Line, Tumor
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
