Cited by 265Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and TreatmentTGF-β signaling in diseasesThyroid Disorders and Treatments

The BRAFV600E Oncogene Induces Transforming Growth Factor β Secretion Leading to Sodium Iodide Symporter Repression and Increased Malignancy in Thyroid Cancer

Riesco-Eizaguirre, Garcilaso, Rodríguez, Irene, De la Vieja, Antonio, Costamagna, Eugenia, Carrasco, Nancy, Nistal, Manuel, Santisteban, Pilar·2009·Cancer Research

Abstract

The activating mutation BRAFV600E is a frequent genetic event in papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) that predicts a poor prognosis, leading to loss of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) expression and subsequent radioiodide-refractory metastatic disease. The molecular basis of such an aggressive behavior induced by BRAF remains unclear. Here, we show a mechanism through which BRAF induces NIS repression and promotes epithelial to mesenchimal transition and invasion based on the operation of an autocrine transforming growth factor (TGF)β loop. BRAF induces secretion of functional TGFβ and blocking TGFβ/Smad signaling at multiple levels rescues BRAF-induced NIS repression. Although this mechanism is MAP/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-ERK independent, secreted TGFβ cooperates with MEK-ERK signaling in BRAF-induced cell migration, Matrigel invasion, and EMT. Consistent with this process, TGFβ and other key components of TGFβ signaling, such as TβRII and pSmad2, are overexpressed in human PTC, suggesting a widespread activation of this pathway by locally released TGFβ. Moreover, this high TGFβ/Smad activity is associated with PTC invasion, nodal metastasis, and BRAF status. Interestingly, TGFβ is overexpressed in the invasive front, whereas NIS is preferentially expressed in the central regions of the tumors, suggesting that this negative correlation between TGFβ and NIS occurs locally inside the tumor. Our study describes a novel mechanism of NIS repression in thyroid cancer and provides evidence that TGFβ may play a key role in promoting radioiodide resistance and tumor invasion during PTC progression. [Cancer Res 2009;69(21):8317–25]

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Crossref · 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-1248

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Authors
Riesco-Eizaguirre, G., Rodríguez, I., De la Vieja, A., Costamagna, E., Carrasco, N., Nistal, M., & Santisteban, P.
Affiliations
  • 1Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas y Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; 2Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición and 3Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario La Paz; and 4Área de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and 5Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Venue
Cancer Research
Published
2009-10-28
Volume
69
Issue
21
Pages
8317-8325
ISSN
  • 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-7445
OpenAlex
W2139518879
Cited by
265
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
FWCI
11.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Instituto de Salud Carlos III
  • National Cancer Institute (R01CA098390, CA098390)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › TGF-β signaling in diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Keywords
BRAF V600E mutation, papillary thyroid carcinoma, TGF-beta, sodium iodide symporter, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, MEK/ERK signaling, Smad2, TGFBR2, cell migration
MeSH terms
Sodium-Iodide Symporters, Adult, Carcinoma, Papillary, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Iodides, Luciferases, Male, Mutation, Neoplasm Invasiveness, RNA, Messenger, Thyroid Neoplasms, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Blotting, Western, Down-Regulation, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Autocrine Communication, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases, Symporters, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf, Smad2 Protein

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