The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis
Abstract
Intratumoral hypoxia stimulates enrichment of breast cancer stem cells (BCSC), which are critical for metastasis and patient mortality. Here we report a metabolic adaptation that is required for hypoxia-induced BCSC enrichment and metastasis. Hypoxia-inducible factors coordinately regulate expression of genes encoding phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) and five downstream enzymes in the serine synthesis pathway and mitochondrial one-carbon (folate) cycle. RNAi-mediated silencing of PHGDH expression in both estrogen receptor–positive and negative breast cancer cells led to decreased NADPH levels, disturbed mitochondrial redox homeostasis, and increased apoptosis, which abrogated BCSC enrichment under hypoxic conditions. PHGDH-deficient cells exhibited increased oxidant levels and apoptosis, as well as loss of BCSC enrichment, in response to treatment with carboplatin or doxorubicin. PHGDH-deficient cells were relatively weakly tumorigenic and tumors that did form were deficient in BCSCs, abolishing metastatic capacity. Our findings highlight a role for PHGDH in the formation of secondary (recurrent or metastatic) tumors, with potential implications for therapeutic targeting of advanced cancers. Cancer Res; 76(15); 4430–42. ©2016 AACR.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
4 retracted
Mitochondrial Autophagy Is an HIF-1-dependent Adaptive Metabolic Response to Hypoxia
Zhang, H., Bosch-Marce, M., Shimoda, L. A., Tan, Y. S., Baek, J. H., Wesley, J. B., Gonzalez, F. J., & Semenza, G. L. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m800102200 · Cited by 1,601
Self-citationRetractedSamanta, D., Gilkes, D. M., Chaturvedi, P., Xiang, L., & Semenza, G. L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421438111 · Cited by 460
Self-citationRetractedRETRACTED: Acriflavine inhibits HIF-1 dimerization, tumor growth, and vascularization
Lee, K., Zhang, H., Qian, D. Z., Rey, S., Liu, J. O., & Semenza, G. L. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0909353106 · Cited by 451
Self-citationRetractedZhang, H., Wong, C. C. L., Wei, H., Gilkes, D. M., Korangath, P., Chaturvedi, P., Schito, L., Chen, J., Krishnamachary, B., Winnard, P. T., et al. (2012) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2011.365 · Cited by 326
Self-citationRetractedComprehensive molecular portraits of human breast tumours
The Cancer Genome Atlas Network (2012) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11412 · Cited by 12,129
Hypoxia — a key regulatory factor in tumour growth
Harris, A. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc704 · Cited by 5,177
Györffy, B., Lanczky, A., Eklund, A. C., Denkert, C., Budczies, J., Li, Q., & Szallasi, Z. (2010) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-009-0674-9 · Cited by 4,169
Kim, J.-W., Tchernyshyov, I., Semenza, G. L., & Dang, C. V. (2006) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2006.02.002 · Cited by 3,905
Self-citationCellular and developmental control of O 2 homeostasis by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
Iyer, N. V., Kotch, L. E., Agani, F., Leung, S. W., Laughner, E., Wenger, R. H., Gassmann, M., Gearhart, J. D., Lawler, A. M., Yu, A. Y., et al. (1998) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.12.2.149 · Cited by 2,476
Self-citationChandel, N. S., McClintock, D. S., Feliciano, C. E., Wood, T. M., Melendez, J. A., Rodriguez, A. M., & Schumacker, P. T. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m001914200 · Cited by 2,000
Cited by
Targeting Metabolism for Cancer Therapy
Luengo, A., Gui, D. Y., & Vander Heiden, M. G. (2017) · Cell Chemical Biology · doi:10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.08.028 · Cited by 971
Hypoxia-Inducible Factors: Master Regulators of Cancer Progression
Schito, L., & Semenza, G. L. (2016) · Trends in Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.trecan.2016.10.016 · Cited by 962
Self-citationHypoxia-inducible factors: cancer progression and clinical translation
Wicks, E. E., & Semenza, G. L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci159839 · Cited by 580
Self-citationStem cell programs in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy resistance
Huang, T., Song, X., Xu, D., Tiek, D., Goenka, A., Wu, B., Sastry, N., Hu, B., & Cheng, S.-Y. (2020) · Theranostics · doi:10.7150/thno.41648 · Cited by 524
The effect of HIF on metabolism and immunity
Taylor, C. T., & Scholz, C. C. (2022) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-022-00587-8 · Cited by 517
Metadata
- Authors
- Samanta, D., Park, Y., Andrabi, S. A., Shelton, L. M., Gilkes, D. M., & Semenza, G. L.
- Venue
- Cancer Research
- Published
- 2016-07-31
- Volume
- 76
- Issue
- 15
- Pages
- 4430-4442
- ISSN
- 0008-5472 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-7445
- OpenAlex
- W2418570604
- Cited by
- 238
- References
- 19
- FWCI
- 9.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Status
- Retracted
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0530
- The paper
- Samanta, D., Park, Y., Andrabi, S. A., Shelton, L. M., Gilkes, D. M., & Semenza, G. L. (2016). RETRACTED: PHGDH Expression Is Required for Mitochondrial Redox Homeostasis, Breast Cancer Stem Cell Maintenance, and Lung Metastasis. Cancer Research. https://doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0530
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
