Cited by 517Cancer, Hypoxia, and MetabolismErythropoietin and Anemia TreatmentImmune cells in cancer

The effect of HIF on metabolism and immunity

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Taylor, Cormac T., Scholz, Carsten C.·2022·Nature Reviews Nephrology

Abstract

Cellular hypoxia occurs when the demand for sufficient molecular oxygen needed to produce the levels of ATP required to perform physiological functions exceeds the vascular supply, thereby leading to a state of oxygen depletion with the associated risk of bioenergetic crisis. To protect against the threat of hypoxia, eukaryotic cells have evolved the capacity to elicit oxygen-sensitive adaptive transcriptional responses driven primarily (although not exclusively) by the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway. In addition to the canonical regulation of HIF by oxygen-dependent hydroxylases, multiple other input signals, including gasotransmitters, non-coding RNAs, histone modifiers and post-translational modifications, modulate the nature of the HIF response in discreet cell types and contexts. Activation of HIF induces various effector pathways that mitigate the effects of hypoxia, including metabolic reprogramming and the production of erythropoietin. Drugs that target the HIF pathway to induce erythropoietin production are now approved for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-related anaemia. However, HIF-dependent changes in cell metabolism also have profound implications for functional responses in innate and adaptive immune cells, and thereby heavily influence immunity and the inflammatory response. Preclinical studies indicate a potential use of HIF therapeutics to treat inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. Understanding the links between HIF, cellular metabolism and immunity is key to unlocking the full therapeutic potential of drugs that target the HIF pathway.

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  • Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1α accumulates and forms a dimer with ARNT.

    “Under hypoxic conditions, where oxygen is unavailable for the hydroxylation reaction, HIF-1α accumulates and forms a dimer with the oxygen-independent ARNT [4].”

    From Lactylation modification of HIF-1α enhances its stability by blocking VHL recognition (2025) · cites this paper as [4]

    The Canonical HIF regulation and JmjC passages say that hypoxia limits oxygen-dependent hydroxylation, stabilizes HIFα and leads to formation of a dimeric HIF transcription factor. Figure 1 labels the partner HIFβ, but the passages do not identify it as ARNT or describe ARNT as oxygen-independent; ARNT appears in a reference title, not in an explanation of the dimer. (LLM, conf=0.84)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • A central response to hypoxia and HIF activation is metabolic reprogramming toward oxygen-independent energy pathways, especially a switch from oxidative phosphorylation to anaerobic glycolysis, preserving bioenergetics during oxygen deprivation.

    “A central cellular response to hypoxia and HIF activation is metabolic reprogramming to favor energy-generating pathways that do not require oxygen; the best characterized of which, is the switch from oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria (a process that utilizes ~90% of available oxygen), to anerobic glycolysis, thus preserving cellular bioenergetics during periods of oxygen deprivation (”

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3 of the 206 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [163]163. Wang, T. et al. HIF1α-induced glycolysis metabolism is essential to the activation of inflammatory macrophages. Mediat. Inflamm. 2017, 9029327 (2017).

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Authors
Taylor, C. T., & Scholz, C. C.
Affiliations
  • University College Dublin (IE)
  • University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author
Taylor, Cormac T.
Venue
Nature Reviews Nephrology
Published
2022-06-20
Volume
18
Issue
9
Pages
573-587
ISSN
  • 1745-8323 (ISSN-L)
  • 1759-5061
  • 1759-507X
OpenAlex
W4283204847
Cited by
517
References
206
Citations by year
2026: 106 · 2025: 186 · 2024: 143 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 5
FWCI
12.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Nature Reviews Nephrology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Erythropoietin and Anemia Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune cells in cancer
Keywords
hypoxia-inducible factor, cellular hypoxia, cellular metabolism, immune cell function, metabolic reprogramming, erythropoietin, gasotransmitters, non-coding RNA, histone modifiers, post-translational modification, inflammatory bowel disease, inflammation, innate and adaptive immunity
MeSH terms
Hypoxia, Erythropoietin, Humans, Kidney, Oxygen, Cell Hypoxia

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