Impact of Tumor Microenvironment and Epithelial Phenotypes on Metabolism in Breast Cancer
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Abstract
Purpose: Cancer cells have altered metabolism, with increased glucose uptake, glycolysis, and biomass production. This study conducted genomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate how tumor and stromal genomic characteristics influence tumor metabolism. Experimental Design: Thirty-three breast tumors and six normal breast tissues were analyzed by gene expression microarray and by mass spectrometry for metabolites. Gene expression data and clinical characteristics were evaluated in association with metabolic phenotype. To evaluate the role of stromal interactions in altered metabolism, cocultures were conducted using breast cancer cells and primary cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Results: Across all metabolites, unsupervised clustering resulted in two main sample clusters. Normal breast tissue and a subset of tumors with less aggressive clinical characteristics had lower levels of nucleic and amino acids and glycolysis byproducts, whereas more aggressive tumors had higher levels of these Warburg-associated metabolites. While tumor-intrinsic subtype did not predict metabolic phenotype, metabolic cluster was significantly associated with expression of a wound response signature. In cocultures, CAFs from basal-like breast cancers increased glucose uptake and basal-like epithelial cells increased glucose oxidation and glycogen synthesis, suggesting interplay of stromal and epithelial phenotypes on metabolism. Cytokine arrays identified hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) as a potential mediator of stromal–epithelial interaction and antibody neutralization of HGF resulted in reduced expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and decreased glucose uptake by epithelium. Conclusions: Both tumor/epithelial and stromal characteristics play important roles in metabolism. Warburg-like metabolism is influenced by changes in stromal–epithelial interactions, including altered expression of HGF/Met pathway and GLUT1 expression. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 571–85. ©2012 AACR.
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CAFs can induce metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.
“Although it has been shown that CAFs can induce metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells (Brauer et al., 2013)”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Brauer et al., 2013
A working concentration of 200 μg/ml was chosen for most experiments to maintain a physiological ratio of CAFs to cancer cells.
“A working concentration of 200 μg/ml was chosen for most of the experiments in this study to maintain a physiological ratio of CAFs to cancer cells which is reported to be between 1–10 (Brauer et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2015; Delinassios, 1987).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Brauer et al., 2013
The ratio of CAFs to cancer cells in tumor is reported to be between 1 and 10.
“which is reported to be between 1–10 (Brauer et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2015; Delinassios, 1987).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Brauer et al., 2013
The physiological ratio of CAFs to cancer cells is between 1 and 10.
“The working concentration was chosen to maintain a physiological ratio of CAFs to cancer cells which is reported to be between 1 and 10 (Brauer et al., 2013; Hu et al., 2015; Delinassios, 1987).”
From Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Brauer et al., 2013
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Tumor microenvironment derived exosomes pleiotropically modulate cancer cell metabolism
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- Authors
- Brauer, H. A., Makowski, L., Hoadley, K. A., Casbas-Hernandez, P., Lang, L. J., Romàn-Pèrez, E., D'Arcy, M., Freemerman, A. J., Perou, C. M., & Troester, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of 1Epidemiology and 2Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health; 3Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center; Departments of 4Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and 5Genetics, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Corresponding author
- Troester, Melissa A.
- Venue
- Clinical Cancer Research
- Published
- 2013-01-31
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 571-585
- ISSN
- 1078-0432 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-3265
- PMC
- PMC3684709
- OpenAlex
- W1964891521
- Cited by
- 96
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 10
- FWCI
- 3.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Cancer Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca138255-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA017376, K99AA017376, R00AA017376)
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA-138255, L30 CA130535, P50 CA 58223, P50CA058223, P30CA016086)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P30DK056350)
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U01ES019472, P30ES010126, ES019472)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- tumor microenvironment, cancer-associated fibroblasts, stromal-epithelial interactions, Warburg effect, glycolysis, glucose uptake, GLUT1, hepatocyte growth factor, C-MET signaling, basal-like breast cancer, tumor subtypes, glycogen synthesis, tumor aggressiveness
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms, Epithelial Cells, Female, Glucose, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Phenotype, Cluster Analysis, Stromal Cells, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Glucose Transporter Type 1, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Tumor Microenvironment, Neoplasm Grading
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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