Health benefits and cost-effectiveness of primary genetic screening for Lynch syndrome in the general population
Open accessPublished version of a preprint
Abstract
In current clinical practice, genetic testing to detect Lynch syndrome mutations ideally begins with diagnostic testing of an individual affected with cancer before offering predictive testing to at-risk relatives. An alternative strategy that warrants exploration involves screening unaffected individuals via demographic and family histories, and offering genetic testing to those individuals whose risks for carrying a mutation exceed a selected threshold. Whether this approach would improve health outcomes in a manner that is cost-effective relative to current standards of care has yet to be demonstrated. To do so, we developed a simulation framework that integrated models of colorectal and endometrial cancers with a 5-generation family history model to predict health and economic outcomes of 20 primary screening strategies (at a wide range of compliance levels) aimed at detecting individuals with mismatch repair gene mutations and their at-risk relatives. These strategies were characterized by (i) different screening ages for starting risk assessment and (ii) different risk thresholds above which to implement genetic testing. For each strategy, 100,000 simulated individuals, representative of the U.S. population, were followed from the age of 20, and the outcomes were compared with current practice. Findings indicated that risk assessment starting at ages 25, 30, or 35, followed by genetic testing of those with mutation risks exceeding 5%, reduced colorectal and endometrial cancer incidence in mutation carriers by approximately 12.4% and 8.8%, respectively. For a population of 100,000 individuals containing 392 mutation carriers, this strategy increased quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) by approximately 135 with an average cost-effectiveness ratio of $26,000 per QALY. The cost-effectiveness of screening for mismatch repair gene mutations is comparable to that of accepted cancer screening activities in the general population such as colorectal cancer screening, cervical cancer screening, and breast cancer screening. These results suggest that primary screening of individuals for mismatch repair gene mutations, starting with risk assessment between the ages of 25 and 35, followed by genetic testing of those whose risk exceeds 5%, is a strategy that could improve health outcomes in a cost-effective manner relative to current practice.
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Screening for Lynch syndrome has been proven cost-effective, and surveillance for colon cancer with regular colonoscopies significantly decreases morbidity and mortality in affected patients.
“Screening has been proven cost-effective, and surveillance for colon cancer with regular colonoscopies significantly decreases morbidity and mortality in affected patients (60, 61).”
From Adrenocortical carcinoma (2014) · cites this paper as [60]
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- Authors
- Dinh, T. A., Rosner, B. I., Atwood, J. C., Boland, C. R., Syngal, S., Vasen, H. F. A., Gruber, S. B., & Burt, R. W.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gruber, Stephen B.
- Venue
- Cancer Prevention Research
- Published
- 2011-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-22
- ISSN
- 1940-6207 (ISSN-L)
- 1940-6215
- PMC
- PMC3793254
- OpenAlex
- W2103848163
- Cited by
- 175
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 11.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Cancer Prevention Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Cancer Institute (R01CA072851)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Genetic factors in colorectal cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Keywords
- Lynch syndrome, mismatch repair gene mutations, predictive genetic testing, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, family history (medicine), risk assessment, cost-effectiveness, quality-adjusted life years, cancer incidence, computer simulation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Colorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary Nonpolyposis, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Genetic Testing, Humans, Michigan, Mutation, Neoplasm Proteins, Incidence, Endometrial Neoplasms, Risk Assessment, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Standard of Care
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
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