Family health history: underused for actionable risk assessment
Open accessAbstract
Family health history (FHH) is the most useful means of assessing risk for common chronic diseases. The odds ratio for risk of developing disease with a positive FHH is frequently greater than 2, and actions can be taken to mitigate risk by adhering to screening guidelines, genetic counselling, genetic risk testing, and other screening methods. Challenges to the routine acquisition of FHH include constraints on provider time to collect data and the difficulty in accessing risk calculators. Disease-specific and broader risk assessment software platforms have been developed, many with clinical decision support and informatics interoperability, but few access patient information directly. Software that allows integration of FHH with the electronic medical record and clinical decision support capabilities has provided solutions to many of these challenges. Patient facing, electronic medical record, and web-enabled FHH platforms have been developed, and can provide greater identification of risk compared with conventional FHH ascertainment in primary care. FHH, along with cascade screening, can be an important component of population health management approaches to overall reduction of risk.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Family history remains an important risk assessment tool.
“Although family history remains an important risk assessment tool,48 pedigrees are often small and family histories incomplete.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581 · see citing works
Khera, A. V., Chaffin, M., Aragam, K. G., Haas, M. E., Roselli, C., Choi, S. H., Natarajan, P., Lander, E. S., Lubitz, S. A., Ellinor, P. T., et al. (2018) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/s41588-018-0183-z · Cited by 2,953 · see citing works
American Cancer Society Guidelines for Breast Screening with MRI as an Adjunct to Mammography
Saslow, D., Boetes, C., Burke, W., Harms, S. E., Leach, M. O., Lehman, C. D., Morris, E. A., Pisano, E. D., Schnall, M. D., Sener, S. F., et al. (2007) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.57.2.75 · Cited by 2,632 · see citing works
KANNEL, W. B., DAWBER, T. R., KAGAN, A., REVOTSKIE, N., & STOKES, J. (1961) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-55-1-33 · Cited by 1,837 · see citing works
SMART on FHIR: a standards-based, interoperable apps platform for electronic health records
Mandel, J. C., Kreda, D. A., Mandl, K. D., Kohane, I. S., & Ramoni, R. B. (2016) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1093/jamia/ocv189 · Cited by 829 · see citing works
Genomic Risk Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease in 480,000 Adults
Inouye, M., Abraham, G., Nelson, C. P., Wood, A., Sweeting, M. J., Dudbridge, F., Lai, F. Y., Kaptoge, S. K., Brożyńska, M., Wang, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.07.079 · Cited by 814 · see citing works
Parental transmission of type 2 diabetes: the Framingham Offspring Study
Meigs, J. B., Cupples, L. A., & Wilson, P. W. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2201 · Cited by 666 · see citing works
Armstrong, K. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.293.14.1729 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Family History in Public Health Practice: A Genomic Tool for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
Valdez, R. A., Yoon, P. W., Qureshi, N., Green, R. F., & Khoury, M. J. (2010) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103621 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Pashayan, N., Morris, S., Gilbert, F. J., & Pharoah, P. D. P. (2018) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2018.1901 · Cited by 284 · see citing works
Mikat-Stevens, N. A., Larson, I. A., & Tarini, B. A. (2014) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2014.101 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Levy, D. E., Byfield, S. D., Comstock, C. B., et al. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182091ba4 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Family history-taking in community family practice: Implications for genetic screening
Acheson, L. S., Wiesner, G. L., Zyzanski, S. J., Goodwin, M. A., & Stange, K. C. (2000) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/00125817-200005000-00004 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Research priorities for evaluating family history in the prevention of common chronic diseases
Yoon, P. W., Scheuner, M. T., & Khoury, M. J. (2003) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(02)00585-8 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: A consensus statement
Kent, K. C., Zwolak, R. M., Jaff, M. R., et al. (2003) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2003.08.019 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Genetic/Familial High-Risk Assessment: Breast and Ovarian, Version 1.2014
Daly, M. B., Pilarski, R., Axilbund, J. E., et al. (2014) · Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network · doi:10.6004/jnccn.2014.0127 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Lowery, J. T., Ahnen, D. J., Schroy, P. C., Hampel, H., Baxter, N. N., Boland, C. R., Burt, R. W., Butterly, L. F., Doerr, M. J., Doroshenk, M., et al. (2016) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.30080 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Dinh, T. A., Rosner, B. I., Atwood, J. C., Boland, C. R., Syngal, S., Vasen, H. F. A., Gruber, S. B., & Burt, R. W. (2011) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0262 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
The Search for Unaffected Individuals with Lynch Syndrome: Do the Ends Justify the Means?
Hampel, H., & de la Chapelle, A. (2011) · Cancer Prevention Research · doi:10.1158/1940-6207.capr-10-0345 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Berg, A. O., Baird, M. A., Botkin, J. R., et al. (2009) · PubMed · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-12-200912150-00165 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Annis, A., Caulder, M. S., Cook, M. L., & Duquette, D. A. (2005) · PubMed Central · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Bucholz, E. M., Rodday, A. M., Kolor, K., Khoury, M. J., & de Ferranti, S. D. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.117.032321 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Genomic and Personalized Medicine
(2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369420-1.x0001-7 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Alabamaʼs Primary Care Physicians Regarding Cancer Genetics
Acton, R. T., Burst, N. M., Casebeer, L. L., Ferguson, S. M., Greene, P. G., Laird, B. L., & Leviton, L. C. (2000) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00001888-200008000-00021 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Ruffin, M. T., Nease, D. E., Sen, A., Pace, W. D., Wang, C., Acheson, L. S., Rubinstein, W. S., O'Neill, S., Gramling, R., & for The Family History Impact Trial (fhitr) Group (2011) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1197 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Berg, A. O., Baird, M. A., Botkin, J. R., et al. (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0000605-200912150-00165 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Armstrong, J., Toscano, M., Kotchko, N., Friedman, S. J., Schwartz, M. D., Virgo, K. S., Lynch, K. F., Andrews, J. E., Loi, C. X. A., Bauer, J. E., et al. (2015) · JAMA Oncology · doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.3048 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Familial Risk for Common Diseases in Primary Care
O’Neill, S. M., Rubinstein, W. S., Wang, C., Yoon, P. W., Acheson, L. S., Rothrock, N. E., Starzyk, E. J., Beaumont, J. L., Galliher, J. M., & Ruffin, M. T. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.03.002 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Emery, J. D., Morris, H., Goodchild, R., Fanshawe, T. R., Prevost, A. T., Bobrow, M., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2007) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603897 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Qureshi, N., Armstrong, S., Dhiman, P., Saukko, P., Middlemass, J., Evans, P. H., Kai, J., & for the ADDFAM (Added Value of Family History in CVD Risk Assessment) Study Group* (2012) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-156-4-201202210-00002 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Feero, W. G., Bigley, M. B., Brinner, K. M., & Community, T. F. H. H. M.-S. W. O. T. A. H. I. (2008) · Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association · doi:10.1197/jamia.m2793 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Cohn, W. F., Ropka, M. E., Pelletier, S., et al. (2010) · Public Health Genomics · doi:10.1159/000294415 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
The current state of cancer family history collection tools in primary care: a systematic review
Qureshi, N., Carroll, J. C., Wilson, B. J., Santaguida, P. L., Allanson, J. E., Brouwers, M. C., & Raina, P. S. (2009) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3181a7e8e0 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Familial hypercholesterolaemia in Portugal
Bourbon, M., Alves, A. C., Medeiros, A. M., Silva, S. D. R., & Soutar, A. K. (2007) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2007.07.019 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
van Hees, F., Saini, S. D., Lansdorp‐Vogelaar, I., Vijan, S. S., Meester, R. G. S., de Koning, H. J., Zauber, A. G., & van Ballegooijen, M. (2015) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.042 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Rubinstein, W. S., Acheson, L. S., O’Neill, S. M., Ruffin, M. T., Wang, C., Beaumont, J. L., & Rothrock, N. E. (2011) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3182241d88 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Collection and use of cancer family history in primary care.
Qureshi, N., Wilson, B. J., Santaguida, P. L., et al. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 87 · see citing works
SUTTER, J. D. (2003) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0195-668x(02)00386-x · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Validation of My Family Health Portrait for six common heritable conditions
Facio, F. M., Feero, W. G., Linn, A., Oden, N. L., Manickam, K., & Biesecker, L. G. (2010) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1097/gim.0b013e3181e15bd5 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Collecting genetic information in primary care: evaluating a new family history tool
Qureshi, N., Bethea, J., Modell, B., Brennan, P., Papageorgiou, A., Raeburn, S., Hapgood, R., & Modell, M. (2005) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmi073 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Huijgen, R., Kindt, I., Defesche, J. C., & Kastelein, J. J. P. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs038 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Wu, R. R., Orlando, L. A., Himmel, T. L., Buchanan, A. H., Powell, K. P., Hauser, E. R., Agbaje, A. B., Henrich, V. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2013) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-14-111 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationOrlando, L. A., Buchanan, A. H., Hahn, S. E., Christianson, C. A., Powell, K. P., Skinner, C. S., Chesnut, B., Blach, C., Due, B., Ginsburg, G. S., et al. (2013) · North Carolina Medical Journal · doi:10.18043/ncm.74.4.287 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationBjørnholt, J. V., Erikssen, G., Liestøl, K., Jervell, J., Thaulow, E., & Erikssen, J. (2000) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.23.9.1255 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Stockley, R. A. (2013) · Clinics in Chest Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ccm.2013.10.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Review and Comparison of Electronic Patient‐Facing Family Health History Tools
Welch, B. M., Wiley, K., Pflieger, L. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-018-0235-7 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Family History Questionnaires Designed for Clinical Use: A Systematic Review
Reid, G., Walter, F. M., Brisbane, J. M., & Emery, J. D. (2008) · Public Health Genomics · doi:10.1159/000160667 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Barrison, A. F., Smith, C., Oviedo, J. A., Heeren, T., & Schroy, P. C. (2003) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2003.07481.x · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Family Physician Self-Efficacy With Screening for Inherited Cancer Risk
Gramling, R. (2004) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.60 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Braithwaite, D., Miglioretti, D. L., Zhu, W., Demb, J., Trentham‐Dietz, A., Sprague, B. L., Tice, J. A., Onega, T., Henderson, L. M., Buist, D. S. M., et al. (2018) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.8642 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Time use during acute and chronic illness visits to a family physician
Yawn, B. P., Goodwin, M. A., Zyzanski, S. J., & Stange, K. C. (2003) · Family Practice · doi:10.1093/fampra/cmg425 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Quality of family history collection with use of a patient facing family history assessment tool
Wu, R. R., Himmel, T. L., Buchanan, A. H., et al. (2014) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/1471-2296-15-31 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationJoergensen, T. M. M., Houlind, K. C., Green, A., et al. (2014) · European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.09.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Orlando, L. A., Wu, R. R., Beadles, C. A., Himmel, T. L., Buchanan, A. H., Powell, K. P., Hauser, E. R., Henrich, V. C., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2014) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C Seminars in Medical Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.c.31388 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationWelch, B. M., O'Connell, N. S., & Schiffman, J. D. (2015) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A · doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.37139 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Impact of subsidies on cancer genetic testing uptake in Singapore
Li, S.-T., Yuen, J., Zhou, K., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medical Genetics · doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104302 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
An Assessment of Family History Information Captured in an Electronic Health Record.
Polubriaginof, F. C. G., Tatonetti, N. P., & Vawdrey, D. K. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Clinical utility of a Web-enabled risk-assessment and clinical decision support program
Orlando, L. A., Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Buchanan, A. H., Henrich, V. C., Hauser, E. R., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2016) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2015.210 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationFamily history tools for primary care are not ready yet to be implemented. A systematic review
de Hoog, C. L. M. M., Portegijs, P. J. M., & Stoffers, J. (2013) · European Journal of General Practice · doi:10.3109/13814788.2013.840825 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zheng, C., & Elston, R. C. (1999) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(1999)17:2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Besseling, J., Sjouke, B., & Kastelein, J. J. P. (2015) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Family interviewing: a review of the literature in primary care.
Campbell, T. L., McDaniel, S. H., Cole‐Kelly, K., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Heald, B., Edelman, E. A., & Eng, C. (2012) · European Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/ejhg.2011.224 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Breast Cancer Risk Assessment: Calculating Lifetime Risk Using the Tyrer-Cuzick Model
Himes, D. O., Root, A. E., Gammon, A., et al. (2016) · The Journal for Nurse Practitioners · doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2016.07.027 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Wu, R. R., Myers, R. A., Sperber, N. R., Voils, C. I., Neuner, J. M., McCarty, C. A., Haller, I. V., Harry, M. L., Fulda, K. G., Cross, D. S., et al. (2018) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41436-018-0049-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationUtilization of breast cancer screening with magnetic resonance imaging in community practice
Hill, D. A., Haas, J. S., Wellman, R., et al. (2017) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-017-4224-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Providing patient education: impact on quantity and quality of family health history collection
Beadles, C. A., Wu, R. R., Himmel, T. L., Buchanan, A. H., Powell, K. P., Hauser, E. R., Henrich, V. C., Ginsburg, G. S., & Orlando, L. A. (2014) · Familial Cancer · doi:10.1007/s10689-014-9701-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMoonesinghe, R., Beckles, G. L. A., Liu, T., & Khoury, M. J. (2018) · Genetics in Medicine · doi:10.1038/gim.2017.238 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Development and early usage patterns of a consumer-facing family health history tool.
Hulse, N. C., Ranade-Kharkar, P., Post, H., et al. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 29 · see citing works
What Characterizes Cancer Family History Collection Tools? A Critical Literature Review
Cléophat, J. E., Nabi, H., Pelletier, S., et al. (2018) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3747/co.25.4042 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Pritzlaff, M., Yorczyk, A., Robinson, L. S., et al. (2014) · Journal of Genetic Counseling · doi:10.1007/s10897-014-9732-5 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Carroll, J. C., Campbell-Scherer, D. L., Permaul, J., et al. (2017) · PubMed · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Subramanian, S., Bobashev, G., Morris, R. J., & Hoover, S. (2017) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-017-0864-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Bennett, R. L. (2019) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2019.06.002 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Genomics and Precision Medicine
Kessler, C. A. (2018) · AACN Advanced Critical Care · doi:10.4037/aacnacc2018823 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Elementary flaws in the FH01 study
Jørgensen, K. J., & Gøtzsche, P. C. (2011) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(11)70047-x · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [8]National Collaborating Centre for Cancer. Familial breast cancer: classification and care of people at risk of familial breast cancer and management of breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer. Cardiff: National Collaborating Centre for Cancer; 2013 (NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 164.) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK247567/ (accessed March 30, 2019). 25340237
- [9]NICE. Familial breast cancer: classification, care and managing breast cancer and related risks in people with a family history of breast cancer. 2013 (updated 2017). https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg164 (accessed March 30, 2019). 31940157
- [27]Valdez R, Yoon PW, Qureshi N, Green RF, Khoury MJ. Family history in public health practice: a genomic tool for disease prevention and health promotion. Annu Rev Public Health 2010; 31: 69– 87. 20070206
- [39]Orlando LA, Wu RR, Beadles C, Implementing family health history risk stratification in primary care: impact of guideline criteria on populations and resource demand. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2014; 166C: 24– 33. 24616329
- [60]Sanka A, Wu RR, Beadles C, Primary care providers and identification of high-risk family health history. J Family Med Community Health 2014; 1: 1010.
- [74]Moonesinghe R, Beckles GLA, Liu T, Khoury MJ. The contribution of family history to the burden of diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes in the United States: analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009–2014. Genet Med 2018; 20: 1159– 66. 29369292 PMC6060023
- [77]Cohn WF, Ropka ME, Pelletier SL, Health Heritage a web-based tool for the collection and assessment of family health history: initial user experience and analytic validity. Pub Health Genom 2010; 13: 477– 91. 20424421
- [78]Quereshi N, Armstrong S, Dhiman P, Effect of adding systematic family history enquiry to cardiovascular disease risk assessment in primary care: a matched-pair, cluster randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156: 253– 62. 22351711
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Goggins, M., Overbeek, K. A., Brand, R., Syngal, S., Del Chiaro, M., Bartsch, D. K., Bassi, C., Carrato, A., Farrell, J., Fishman, E. K., et al. (2020) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-319352 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ginsburg, G. S., Wu, R. R., & Orlando, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ginsburg, Geoffrey S
- Venue
- The Lancet
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 394
- Issue
- 10198
- Pages
- 596-603
- ISSN
- 0099-5355 (ISSN-L)
- 0140-6736
- PMC
- PMC6822265
- OpenAlex
- W2965787050
- Cited by
- 105
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 2.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- The Lancet (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Comprehensive Cancer Network
- National Institutes of Health
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG007282)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › BRCA gene mutations in cancer
- Keywords
- family health history, hereditary cancer predisposition, genetic counseling, family screening, clinical decision support, electronic health records, risk calculator, population health management, primary care
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Humans, Medical History Taking, Software, Odds Ratio, Risk Assessment, Electronic Health Records
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
