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The Human Stratum corneum Layer: An Effective Barrier against Dermal Uptake of Different Forms of Topically Applied Micronised Titanium Dioxide
Abstract
Electron microscopy visualisation and light microscopic investigations of three different application forms of titanium dioxide proved that neither surface characteristics, particle size nor shape of the micronised titanium dioxide result in any dermal absorption of this substance: Micronised titanium dioxide is solely deposited on the outermost surface of the stratum corneum and cannot be detected in deeper stratum corneum layers, the human epidermis and dermis.
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Citations
Cited by
Grey Goo on the Skin? Nanotechnology, Cosmetic and Sunscreen Safety
Nohynek, G. J., Lademann, J., Ribaud, C., & Roberts, M. S. (2007) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440601177780 · Cited by 644
Nanotechnology Safety Concerns Revisited
Stern, S. T., & McNeil, S. E. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm169 · Cited by 560
Nanoparticles skin absorption: New aspects for a safety profile evaluation
Larese Filon, F., Mauro, M., Adami, G., Bovenzi, M., & Crosera, M. (2015) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.005 · Cited by 390
The in vitro absorption of microfine zinc oxide and titanium dioxide through porcine skin
Gamer, A. O., Leibold, E., & van Ravenzwaay, B. (2006) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.08.008 · Cited by 342
Photoprotection: a Review of the Current and Future Technologies
Wang, S. Q., Balagula, Y., & Osterwalder, U. (2010) · Dermatologic Therapy · doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2009.01289.x · Cited by 307
Metadata
- Authors
- Pflücker, F., Wendel, V., Hohenberg, H., Gärtner, E., Will, T., Pfeiffer, S., Wepf, R., & Gers-Barlag, H.
- Venue
- Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- Suppl. 1
- Pages
- 92-97
- ISSN
- 1422-2868 (ISSN-L)
- 1660-5527
- 1660-5535
- OpenAlex
- W2031015267
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Human Stratum corneum Layer: An Effective Barrier against Dermal Uptake of Different Forms of Topically Applied Micronised Titanium Dioxide. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1159/000056396
- The paper
- Pflücker, F., Wendel, V., Hohenberg, H., Gärtner, E., Will, T., Pfeiffer, S., Wepf, R., & Gers-Barlag, H. (2001). The Human Stratum corneum Layer: An Effective Barrier against Dermal Uptake of Different Forms of Topically Applied Micronised Titanium Dioxide. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology. https://doi.org/10.1159/000056396
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
