Normative Data of Penile Length for Term Chinese Newborns
Abstract
Careful examination and assessment of penile length in the newborn is important because micropenis is associated with hypothalamic disorders. This prospective cross-sectional study was designed to establish the norm of penile length for term Hong Kong Chinese newborns. 4,628 full-term healthy male newborns were enrolled in the study. Penile length was measured from pubic ramus to the tip of the glans penis by placing the end of a straight edge ruler against the pubic ramus. A gestation-associated graph of 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 97th centiles for the penile length was created. The penile length was significantly correlated with gestational age, birth weight and body length. When compared with published data for other populations, Hong Kong newborns have significantly shorter penile length. The norm of the penile length is useful in diagnostic and therapeutics for the ethnic Chinese male newborns.
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Pediatricians in Pakistan must rely on foreign standards that may not accurately represent the Pakistani population and may lead to misdiagnosis.
“Meanwhile, because of the sparsity of the standard reference data, Pediatricians in Pakistan, must rely on the foreign standards that may not accurately represent the Pakistani population and eventually lead to misdiagnosis [7, 14].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
Many authors across the world have generated standard nomograms for their local pediatric male populations to aid in evaluation of male external genitalia.
“For this purpose, many authors across the world have generated the standard nomograms for their local pediatric male population to aid in the evaluation of their male external genitalia [7-11].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
Differences in absolute values have been attributed to ethnicity, age distribution, and measurement techniques.
“Differences in absolute values have been attributed to ethnicity age distribution and measurement techniques [7, 8, 19, 20].”
From Stretched Penile Length and Penile Circumference in Pediatric Population of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Single-Center Study (2026) · cites this paper as [7]
Cited by
Sorted by citations
One-year follow-up of penis and testis sizes of healthy Turkish male newborns
Semiz, S., Küçüktaşçı, K., Zencir, M., & Sevinç, Ö. (2011) · The Turkish Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.24953/turkjpediatr.2011.1837 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A cross-sectional study of stretched penile length in boys from West Bengal, India
Bhattacharjee, R., Roy, A., Chakraborty, P., Goswami, S., Biswas, K., Mukhopadhyay, P., & Chowdhury, S. (2019) · Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.4103/ijem.ijem_51_19 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Shahzad, B., Fatima, B., Bashir, M. K., Waheed, M. R., Zafar, Z., & Zaidi, S. S. H. (2026) · National Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.21089/njhs.112.0084
- Authors
- Fok, T. F., Hon, K. L., So, H. K., Wong, E., Ng, P. C., Chang, A., Lau, J., Chow, C. B., & Lee, W. H.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre (CA)
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital (CN)
- Venue
- Neonatology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2005
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 242-245
- ISSN
- 1661-7800 (ISSN-L)
- 1661-7819
- OpenAlex
- W2042243144
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neonatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urological Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Genital Health and Disease
- Keywords
- penile length, reference values, term infants, micropenis, gestational age, birth weight, body length, centile curves, Chinese newborns, Hong Kong
- MeSH terms
- Cross-Sectional Studies, Gestational Age, Hong Kong, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Male, Penis, Prospective Studies, Asian People
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