Deleterious effects of prolonged electrical excitation of striate cortex in macaques
Abstract
Macaques were trained to respond to electrical excitation applied through electrodes permanently implanted within or upon striate cortex. Threshold current for the animal to detect this stimulation was highly consistent from day to day and, in the absence of tissue encapsulation of the electrodes or deliberately inflicted damage, remained stable indefinitely, 38 months in the longest case so far. Stimulating continuously for 1–8 h, however, produces an elevation of threshold, which may be permanent or temporary, depending upon a variety of conditions. A major cause of such injury is the hydrolysis commonly occurring consequent to passage of low-level currents between solutions and metal electrodes. Even when the hydrolytic reaction is eliminated by restricting the level of electrode polarization or by using capacitative stimulation with tantalum pentoxide electrodes, a rise in threshold often still occurs with protracted stimulation. With proper control in some instances, however, effective stimulation at 2–10 times the threshold level could be maintained indefinitely without apparent injury, e.g. in a blind monkey having a threshold of 290 µAthat could respond immediately to an 80 µA diminution in 580- µA,0.2-msec stimulus pulses which had been applied steadily for 1 h at 50 Hz.
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Clinical data show ambivalence: some studies have found accommodation over different time scales and sometimes no accommodation at all.
“In contrast to the findings by Schmidt et al., 1996, some studies have found accommodation over different time scales and sometimes no accommodation at all (Bak et al., 1990; Fernández et al., 2021; Bartlett et al., 1977; Dobelle and Mladejovsky, 1974).”
From Towards biologically plausible phosphene simulation for the differentiable optimization of visual cortical prostheses (2024) · cites this paper as Bartlett et al., 1977
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van der Grinten, M., de Ruyter van Steveninck, J., Lozano, A., Pijnacker, L., Rueckauer, B., Roelfsema, P., van Gerven, M., van Wezel, R., Güçlü, U., & Güçlütürk, Y. (2024) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.85812 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“In contrast to the findings by Schmidt et al., 1996 , some studies have found accommodation over different time scales and sometimes no accommodation at all ( Bak et al., 1990 ; Fernández et al., 2021 ; Bartlett et al., 1977 ; Dobelle and Mladejovsky, 1974 ).”
ResultElectrical Microstimulation of Visual Cerebral Cortex Elevates Psychophysical Detection Thresholds
Cone, J. J., Ni, A. M., Ghose, K., & Maunsell, J. H. R. (2018) · eneuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0311-18.2018 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
van der Grinten, M., de Ruyter van Steveninck, J., Lozano, A., Pijnacker, L., Rückauer, B., Roelfsema, P., van Gerven, M., van Wezel, R., Güçlü, U., & Güçlütürk, Y. (2022) · doi:10.1101/2022.12.23.521749 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bartlett, J. R., Doty, Sr., Lee, B. B., Negrão, N., & Overman, Jr.
- Affiliations
- University of Rochester Medicine (US)
- Venue
- Brain, Behavior and Evolution
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2008-04-03
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 46-66
- ISSN
- 0006-8977 (ISSN-L)
- 1421-9743
- OpenAlex
- W2069814466
- Cited by
- 52
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Brain Behavior and Evolution (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- electrical stimulation, primary visual cortex, visual cortex, macaque, stimulation threshold, threshold elevation, electrode polarization, long-term stimulation, cortical injury, implanted electrodes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Haplorhini, Behavior, Animal, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Foreign-Body Reaction, Macaca, Time Factors, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Prostheses and Implants
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