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Cited by 163Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringNeurological disorders and treatmentsVagus Nerve Stimulation Research

Comparison of neural damage induced by electrical stimulation with faradaic and capacitor electrodes

McCreery, D. B., Agnew, W. F., Yuen, T. G. H., Bullara, L. A.·1988·Annals of Biomedical Engineering
DOI 10.1007/bf02368010
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Abstract

Arrays of platinum (faradaic) and anodized, sintered tantalum pentoxide (capacitor) electrodes were implanted bilaterally in the subdural space of the parietal cortex of the cat. Two weeks after implantation both types of electrodes were pulsed for seven hours with identical waveforms consisting of controlled-current, charge-balanced, symmetric, anodic-first pulse pairs, 400 microseconds/phase and a charge density of 80-100 microC/cm2 (microcoulombs per square cm) at 50 pps (pulses per second). One group of animals was sacrificed immediately following stimulation and a second smaller group one week after stimulation. Tissues beneath both types of pulsed electrodes were damaged, but the difference in damage for the two electrode types was not statistically significant. Tissue beneath unpulsed electrodes was normal. At the ultrastructural level, in animals killed immediately after stimulation, shrunken and hyperchromic neurons were intermixed with neurons showing early intracellular edema. Glial cells appeared essentially normal. In animals killed one week after stimulation most of the damaged neurons had recovered, but the presence of shrunken, vacuolated and degenerating neurons showed that some of the cells were damaged irreversibly. It is concluded that most of the neural damage from stimulations of the brain surface at the level used in this study derives from processes associated with passage of the stimulus current through tissue, such as neuronal hyperactivity rather than electrochemical reactions associated with current injection across the electrode-tissue interface, since such reactions occur only with the faradaic electrodes.

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  • McCreery et al. reported similar levels of neural damage to a cat's cortex for faradaic and capacitive electrodes, but noted their stimulus waveform was ideal for the faradaic electrodes used.

    “McCreery et al. reported similar levels of neural damage to a cat’s cortex for faradaic and capacitive electrodes [62], but noted that their stimulus waveform was ideal for the faradaic electrodes used.”

    From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [62]

  • A large part of the literature and of our knowledge about neural stimulation is based on animal studies mostly conducted in the 1980s and 1990s.

    “Consequently, a large part of the literature and of our knowledge about neural stimulation is based on animal studies mostly conducted in the 1980s and 1990s [43–45, 62–64, 75, 92, 94, 96, 99, 100].”

    From Safety of long-term electrical peripheral nerve stimulation: review of the state of the art (2019) · cites this paper as [62]

  • Adverse effects of cortical electrode implants may partly be avoided by limiting the chronic electrical stimulation itself.

    “and these adverse effects may partly be avoided by limiting the chronic electrical stimulation itself (Lewis et al., 2015; McCreery et al., 1988).”

    From End-to-end optimization of prosthetic vision (2022) · cites this paper as McCreery et al., 1988

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Authors
McCreery, D. B., Agnew, W. F., Yuen, T. G. H., & Bullara, L. A.
Affiliations
Huntington Medical Research Institutes (US)
ORCID
McCreery, D. B.
Venue
Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1988-09
Volume
16
Issue
5
Pages
463-481
ISSN
  • 0090-6964 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-9686
DOI
10.1007/bf02368010
OpenAlex
W1964085479
Cited by
163
References
30
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 6
FWCI
0.69
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Annals of Biomedical Engineering (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (n01ns032359-012)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (N01-NS-92397, N01-NS-32359)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research
Keywords
electrical brain stimulation, neural tissue damage, faradaic electrode, capacitor electrodes, platinum electrode, parietal cortex, neuronal hyperactivity, intracellular edema, neurodegeneration, glial cells, electrode-tissue interface, charge density
MeSH terms
Animals, Brain Injuries, Cats, Cerebral Cortex, Dura Mater, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Mitochondria, Neurons, Platinum, Tantalum

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