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Cited by 420Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsPersonality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Role of Self-Compassion in Development: A Healthier Way to Relate to Oneself

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Neff, Kristin D.·2009·Human Development
DOI 10.1159/000215071PMC PMC2790748
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Abstract

The idea that people need high self-esteem in order to be psychologically healthy is almost a truism in Western developmental psychology.Parents are told that one of their most important tasks is to nurture their children's self-esteem.Teachers are encouraged to give all their students gold stars so that each can feel proud and special.Psychologists worry about the dangerous drop in self-esteem experienced by adolescents as they transition out of childhood and try to find ways to give teens a self-esteem boost.The assumption that high self-esteem is synonymous with wellbeing applies throughout the lifespan.The elderly benefit from high self-esteem as much as anyone, don't they?The issue is not so simple.In the field of social psychology, scholars are starting to fall out of love with self-esteem.Yes, it is true that high self-esteem is associated with less depression and anxiety, as well as with greater happiness and life satisfaction.However, there are also some dark sides to high selfesteem.For instance, high self-esteem is strongly correlated with narcissism.Twenge [2006] argued that the emphasis placed on self-esteem in American schools and culture at large is responsible for the creation of 'generation me', so named because of the steady and consistent rise in narcissism levels among American college students documented since the mid 1960s.Self-esteem is also associated with the better-thanaverage effect, the need to feel superior to others just to feel okay about oneself.Research shows that most people think they are funnier, more logical, more popular, better looking, nicer, more trustworthy, wiser and more intelligent than others [Alicke & Govorun, 2005].To be average is unacceptable in Western society, so pretty much everyone walks around wearing rose-colored glasses (at least when they are looking in the mirror).This comparative dynamic, however, the tendency to puff ourselves up and put others down, creates interpersonal distance and separation that undermines connectedness.

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  1. Neff, K.D. (2009). Self-Compassion. In M.R. Leary & R.H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differ- ences in social behavior (pp. 561-573) . New York: Guilford Press.

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Metadata

Authors
Neff, K. D.
Affiliations
The University of Texas at Austin (US)
Corresponding author
Neff, Kristin D.
ORCID
Neff, Kristin D.
Venue
Human Development
Publisher
S. Karger AG
Published
2009
Volume
52
Issue
4
Pages
211-214
ISSN
  • 0018-716X (ISSN-L)
  • 1423-0054
DOI
10.1159/000215071
PMC
PMC2790748
OpenAlex
W2138316746
Cited by
419
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 46 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 8
FWCI
5.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Human Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
self-compassion, self-esteem, narcissism, better-than-average effect, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression, life satisfaction, interpersonal relatedness, Generation Me, developmental psychology

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