Predictive value of alexithymia: a prospective study in somatizing patients
Abstract
In the present study, the potential role of alexithymia in predicting the long-term treatment outcome was investigated prospectively in 30 patients with DSM-III-R somatoform disorders and anxiety disorders. Using SCID interviews, diagnoses were assessed before inpatient treatment and 2 years after discharge. Patients who met criteria for DSM-III-R undifferentiated somatoform disorder at follow-up exhibited higher pretreatment alexithymia scores (as measured by the TAS) as compared with patients who showed remission of their somatoform disorder or patients who never had met criteria for a somatoform disorder. As a result stepwise logistic regression analyses, high alexithymia scores emerged as a significant predictor of persistent somatization, independent of other measures of psychopathology, sociodemographic variables, and measures of illness severity.
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Alexithymia is related to impoverished general functioning in somatoform disorders.
“Because alexithymia was found to be related to impoverished general functioning in somatoform disorders (2, 11–21), following the classification of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV-TR (22) and other precursors of SSRD, as described in DSM-5 (23), general functioning also may be a relevant outcome of treatment.”
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Recent Developments in Alexithymia Theory and Research
Taylor, G. J. (2000) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674370004500203 · Cited by 755 · see citing works
New Trends in Alexithymia Research
Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000075537 · Cited by 653 · see citing works
“And in a study of psychiatric inpatients with anxiety or somatoform disorders who were treated with cognitive and behavioural therapies for a minimum of 8 weeks and reassessed 2 years later, alexithymia was a significant predictor of persistent somatization [”
BackgroundLumley, M. A., Neely, L. C., & Burger, A. J. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701629698 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
“Alexithymia predicts poorer outcomes of treatment for anxiety and somatoform disorders (Bach & Bach, 1995), depression (Ogrodniczuk, Piper, & Joyce, 2004), alcoholism (Cleland, Magura, Foote, Rosenblum, & Kosanke, 2005; Loas, Fremaux, Otmani, Lecercle, & Delahousse, 1997), functional…”
De Gucht, V., & Heiser, W. (2003) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(02)00467-1 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
Alexithymia and Somatization in General Population
Mattila, A. K., Kronholm, E., Jula, A., Salminen, J. K., Koivisto, A., Mielonen, R.-L., & Joukamaa, M. I. (2008) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e31816ffc39 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
“Bach and Bach (62) performed a 2-year follow-up study on patients with medically unexplained symptoms and found a high alexithymia score to be predictive of an undifferentiated somatoform disorder at follow-up.”
BackgroundInfluentialRief, W., & Martin, A. (2014) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153745 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Bankier, B., Aigner, M., & Bach, M. (2001) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.42.3.235 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Self-citationPredictive value of alexithymia in patients with eating disorders: A 3-year prospective study
Speranza, M., Loas, G., Wallier, J., & Corcos, M. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.03.008 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
“Our results are close to those carried out with patients presenting functional somatic symptoms [4,26], which share many features with eating disorders [4,27].”
BackgroundResultChanges in Alexithymia Following Psychological Intervention: A Review
Cameron, K., Ogrodniczuk, J., & Hadjipavlou, G. (2014) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000036 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
The link between emotional competence and well-being: a longitudinal study
Ciarrochi, J., & Scott, G. (2006) · British Journal of Guidance and Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069880600583287 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
“Difficulty identifying feelings in turn is likely to influence emotion management (Bach & Bach, 1995 ; Bagby et al , 1994a ; Taylor, 2000 ).”
BackgroundAlexithymia and Outcome in Psychotherapy
Grabe, H., Frommer, J., Ankerhold, A., Ulrich, C., Gröger, R., Franke, G., Barnow, S., Freyberger, H., & Spitzer, C. (2008) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000119739 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
“Some treatment studies found alexithymia to be associated with persistent somatization in somatoform disorders [”
BackgroundAlexithymia as Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
Porcelli, P., Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., Carne, M. D., Leandro, G., & Todarello, O. (2003) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000089064.13681.3b · Cited by 159 · see citing works
“Bach M, Bach D. Predictive value of alexithymia: a prospective study in somatizing patients.”
BackgroundIs Alexithymia a Permanent Feature in Depressed Patients?
Honkalampi, K. M., Hintikka, J., Saarinen, P., Lehtonen, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2000) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012412 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Factors Associated with Alexithymia in Patients Suffering from Depression
Honkalampi, K. M., Saarinen, P., Hintikka, J. J., Virtanen, V., & Viinamäki, H. T. (1999) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012343 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Alexithymia and body image in adult outpatients with binge eating disorder
Carano, A., Berardis, D. D., Gambi, F., Paolo, C. D., Campanella, D., Pelusi, L., Sepede, G., Mancini, E., Rovere, R. L., Salini, G., et al. (2006) · International Journal of Eating Disorders · doi:10.1002/eat.20238 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The Relationship between Dimensions of Alexithymia and Dissociation
Grabe, H. J., Rainermann, S., Spitzer, C., Gänsicke, M., & Freyberger, H. J. (2000) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012380 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Four decades of research on alexithymia: moving toward clinical applications
Samur, D., Tops, M., Schlinkert, C., Quirin, M., Cuijpers, P., & Koole, S. L. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00861 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“Furthermore, many existing forms of psychotherapy may be less than optimal for helping highalexithymic individuals, given that they typically achieve poorer outcomes in psychotherapy than low-alexithymic individuals (Bach and Bach, 1995; McCallum et al., 2003; Ogrodniczuk et al., 2011).”
BackgroundAlexithymic Features in Stroke: Effects of Laterality and Gender
Spalletta, G., Pasini, A., da Costa, A. L. C., Angelis, D. D., Ramundo, N., Paolucci, S., & Caltagirone, C. (2001) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-200111000-00013 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Kojima, M. (2012) · BioPsychoSocial Medicine · doi:10.1186/1751-0759-6-21 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
“The number of studies reporting the adverse effects of alexithymia was 18 [24-41], which was approximately 50% of the total studies.”
BackgroundResultFacial emotion recognition and alexithymia in adults with somatoform disorders
Gil, F. P., Ridout, N., Kessler, H., Neuffer, M., Schoechlin, C., Traue, H. C., & Nickel, M. (2008) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20456 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Importantly for this study, a high prevalence of alexithymia has also been shown in patients with SFD.([18,19]) The main aim of this study was to investigate if patients with SFD exhibit impaired recognition of facially expressed emotion.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRufer, M., Hand, I., Braatz, A., Alsleben, H., Fricke, S., & Peter, H. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000075541 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“In contrast, in a 2-year follow-up study with 30 inpatients with somatoform and panic disorders, treated with behavior therapy, high alexithymia scores (measured with the TAS-26) at baseline emerged as a significant predictor of persistent somatization [”
ResultRufer, M., Albrecht, R., Zaum, J., Schnyder, U., Mueller-Pfeiffer, C., Hand, I., & Schmidt, O. (2010) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000288639 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“In contrast, in a sample of inpatients suffering from somatoform disorder and PD, alexithymia, as assessed with the TAS-26, predicted persistent somatization following multimodal CBT [”
ResultHosoi, M., Molton, I. R., Jensen, M. P., Ehde, D. M., Amtmann, S., O'Brien, S., 有村, 達., & Kubo, C. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.012 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“shown to prospectively predict the maintenance of somatization over a period of 2 years [3].”
BackgroundAlexithymia as a predictor of outcome of psychodynamically oriented inpatient treatment
Leweke, F., Bausch, S., Leichsenring, F., Walter, B., & Stingl, M. (2009) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503300902870554 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Bach and Bach ( 1995 ), who used behavioral therapy and progressive muscle relaxation to treat 30 patients with somatoform and anxiety disorders, showed that high initial alexithymia was a significant predictor of persisting somatization.”
Restricted Emotional Processing and Somatic Attribution in Fibromyalgia
Brosschot, J., & Aarsse, H. R. (2001) · International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/k7au-9ux9-w8bw-tetl · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“For alexithymia, more evidence is available for an association with somatization [2, 3].”
BackgroundSomatizing frequent attenders in primary health care
Jyväsjärvi, S., Joukamaa, M. I., Väisänen, E., Larivaara, P., Kivelä, S., & Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2001) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(00)00217-8 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
The Impact of Alexithymia on Treatment Response in Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review
Pinna, F., Manchia, M., Paribello, P., & Carpiniello, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00311 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Personality and affect as determinants of medically unexplained symptoms in primary care
Gucht, V. D., Fischler, B., & Heiser, W. J. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00127-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
“This finding is in contrast with Bach and Bach [19] who found that psychological distress at baseline was not, and general alexithymia was, a significant predictor of the presence of an undifferentiated somatoform disorder at 2-year follow-up.”
BackgroundResultA prospective long-term follow-up study of alexithymia in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Rufer, M., Ziegler, A., Alsleben, H., Fricke, S., Ortmann, J., Brückner, E., Hand, I., & Peter, H. (2006) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2005.12.004 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“The discrepancy in results between the Bach and Bach [8] and our study could be, on the one hand, due to the different diagnostic groups of patients and the different alexithymia scales (TAS-26 in the Bach and Bach [8] study and TAS-20 in our study) or due to the low power of our study.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAlexithymia and attachment style in relation to locus of control
Hexel, M. (2003) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00333-1 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“Alexithymia is considered an important risk factor for psychological and physical disease (Bach & Bach, 1995), and greater occurrence of alexithymia could be found in people with low selfesteem (Yelsma, 1995).”
BackgroundAlexithymia Does Not Predict the Persistence of Medically Unexplained Physical Symptoms
Kooiman, C. G., Bolk, J. H., Rooijmans, H. G. M., & Trijsburg, R. W. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000116714.38868.06 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“However, we know of only 1 study (11) of the prognostic value of alexithymia.”
BackgroundMyers, L., Matzner, B., Lancman, M., Perrine, K. R., & Lancman, M. E. (2013) · Epilepsy & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.11.054 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“Alexithymia has also been associated with greater levels of psychopathology and social problems [6], anxiety and depression [4,5,7,8], non-suicidal self-injury [9], somatoform disorders [10], stress-related illnesses, and somatization [11–13].”
BackgroundAlexithymia in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of the literature
Assogna, F., Cravello, L., Orfei, M. D., Cellupica, N., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G. (2016) · Parkinsonism & Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.03.021 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“Early studies reported that alexithymia was correla ted with, but independent from, both anxiety and depression in general and in clinical populations [ 41,42]; alexithymia can also influence severity of mood [8] and other psychiatric disorders [43-45].”
BackgroundHonkalampi, K. M., Hintikka, J. J., Antikainen, R., Lehtonen, J., & Viinamäki, H. T. (2001) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.15.3.245.19211 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Alexithymia in the elderly general population
Gunzelmann, T., Kupfer, J. ]., & Br�hler, E. (2002) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1053/comp.2002.29855 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Alexithymia in Parkinson's disease is related to severity of depressive symptoms
da Costa, A. L. C., Peppe, A., Carlesimo, G. A., Pasqualetti, P., & Caltagirone, C. (2006) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01216.x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of Alexithymia in Parkinson's Disease
da Costa, A. L. C., Peppe, A., Carlesimo, G. A., Salamone, G., & Caltagirone, C. (2010) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(10)70655-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Independency of Alexithymia and Somatization
Bach, M., Bach, D., & de Zwaan, M. (1996) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(96)71533-5 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationAlexithymia in adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome
van de Putte, E. M., Engelbert, R., Kuis, W., Kimpen, J. L. L., & Uiterwaal, C. S. P. M. (2007) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2007.07.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Alexithymia was shown to be a predictor of an unfavorable outcome of adult patients with somatoform disorders, independent of other psychopathology or illness severity [9], although not confirmed in a recent study [4].”
ResultThe status of alexithymia as a risk factor in medically unexplained physical symptoms
Kooiman, C. G. (1998) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0010-440x(98)90075-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ogrodniczuk, J. S., Sochting, I., Piper, W. E., & Joyce, A. S. (2012) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02032.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Porcelli, P., Carne, M. D., & Todarello, O. (2004) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000076454 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Son, S. H., Jo, H., Rim, H. D., Kim, J. H., Kim, H. W., Bae, G. Y., & Lee, S. J. (2012) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.4306/pi.2012.9.4.325 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Anxiety Sensitivity and Depression in Multiple Chemical Sensitivities and Asthma
Vliet, E. C.-V., Kelly‐McNeil, K., Natelson, B. H., Kipen, H. M., & Fiedler, N. L. (2002) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-200210000-00006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of DBT-Based Interventions on Alexithymia: A Systematic Review
Salles, B. M., Maturana de Souza, W., dos Santos, V. A., & Mograbi, D. C. (2023) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2022.2117734 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“Similar unfavorable outcomes have been found in alexithymics with other pathologies, such as mood disorders (Ogrodniczuk et al., 2004), post-traumatic stress disorder (Löf et al., 2018), and somatoform disorders (Bach & Bach, 1995).”
ResultSchmidt, S., Strauss, B. M., & Brähler, E. (2002) · Psychology and Psychotherapy Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1348/147608302320365217 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Prevalence and Characteristics of Alexithymia in Parkinson's Disease
da Costa, A. L. C., Peppe, A., Carlesimo, G. A., et al. (2010) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1176/appi.psy.51.1.22 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Theorell, T., Konarski, K., Westerlund, H., Burell, A.-M., Engström, R., Lagercrantz, A.-M., Teszary, J., & Thulin, K. (1998) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000012259 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Alexithymia in male infertility
Conrad, R., Schilling, G., Langenbuch, M., et al. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.3.587 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“In the group of healthy male volunteers,somatic complaints (Bach et al., 1994; Wise and Mann, 1994; eight men dropped out of the study because of incomplete question-Bach and Bach, 1995; Wise et al., 1995). naires.”
BackgroundCOMT Val158Met polymorphism, verbalizing of emotion and activation of affective brain systems
Swart, M., Bruggeman, R., Larøi, F., Alizadeh, B. Z., Kema, I., Kortekaas, R., Wiersma, D., & Aleman, A. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.12.017 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“, 2007) and treatment outcome in anxiety and somatoform disorder (Bach, 1995).”
Fenwick, A. S., & Sullivan, K. A. (2011) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.07.011 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“, 2007, 2009) and the vast research on alexithymia in somatoform conditions other than BDD (Sifneos, 1973; Warnes, 1985; Taylor et al., 1992; Bach and Bach, 1995; Taylor and Bagby, 2004; Zackheim, 2007), an investigation of a potential relationship between BDD and alexithymia may prove informative.”
BackgroundKhosravani, V., Ardestani, S. M. S., Bastan, F. S., & Kamali, Z. (2017) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.04.001 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The SNRI venlafaxine improves emotional unawareness in patients with post‐stroke depression
Cravello, L., Caltagirone, C., & Spalletta, G. (2009) · Human Psychopharmacology Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1002/hup.1021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Aktuelle Perspektiven der Alexithymie
Gündel, H., Ceballos-Baumann, A., & von Rad, M. (2000) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s001150050024 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Landa, A., Bossis, A. P., Boylan, L. S., & Wong, P. S. (2012) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182532326 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Numerous studies confirm that alexithymia and deficits in emotional awareness are much more prevalent among SS patients (33% to 55%) compared with both healthy controls (8% to 10%) and psychiatric patients without somatic symptoms (Bach and Bach, 1995; Cox et al., 1994; De Gucht and Heiser, 2003; Subic-Wrana et al., 2…”
BackgroundEmotional Intelligence and Clinical Disorders
Hansen, K., Lloyd, J., & Stough, C. K. K. (2009) · Plenum series on human exceptionality · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-88370-0_12 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“For example, people who do not understand their own emotions well are more prone to substance use disorders, eating disorders, and somatic complaints (Taylor, 2001; Bach & Bach, 1995; Conrad, Schilling, Langenbuch, Haidl, & Liedtke, 2001).”
BackgroundAlexithymia in patients with conversion disorder
Gülpek, D., Kaplan, F. K., Kesebir, S., & Bora, O. B. (2013) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2013.814711 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Alexithymia in infertile women
Lamas, C., Chambry, J., Nicolas, I., Frydman, R., Jeammet, P., & Corcos, M. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1080/01674820500238112 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The prognostic incidence of alexithymia has also been noted in cardiovascular disease, and somatoform disorders [33].”
BackgroundBlackledge, J. T., & Ciarrochi, J. (2006) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Alexithymia and Interleukin Variations in Somatoform Disorder
Gil, F. P., Nickel, M., Ridout, N., Schwarz, M., Schoechlin, C., & Schmidmaier, R. (2007) · NeuroImmunoModulation · doi:10.1159/000112048 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
When REBT Goes Difficult: Applying ABC-DEF to Personality Disorders
Sarracino, D., Dimaggio, G., Ibrahim, R., Popolo, R., Sassaroli, S., & Ruggiero, G. M. (2017) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-016-0258-7 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Observer Alexithymia Scale: A Reliable and Valid Alternative for Alexithymia Measurement?
Meganck, R., Vanheule, S., Desmet, M., & Inslegers, R. (2010) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890903510449 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“A great deal of research has proposed causal relationships between alexithymia and psychosomatic problems (eg, De Gucht & Heiser, 2003 ; Bach & Bach, 1995 ); whereas other research has questioned this supposed relationship (eg, Lundh & Simonsson-Sarnecki, 2001 ).”
BackgroundThe role of alexithymia: An 8-year follow-up study of chronic pain patients
Saariaho, A., Saariaho, T., Mattila, A. K., Joukamaa, M. I., & Karukivi, M. (2016) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.05.015 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“In earlier prospective studies alexithymia did not make a difference in the course of medical unexplained syndrome [41] or obsessive–compulsive disorder [42] while in a study of somatizing patients alexithymia predicted persistent symptoms [43].”
BackgroundResultFacial Emotion Recognition Predicts Alexithymia Using Machine Learning
Farhoumandi, N., Mollaey, S., Heysieattalab, S., Zarean, M., & Eyvazpour, R. (2021) · Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience · doi:10.1155/2021/2053795 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Smirni, D., Beadle, J. N., & Paradiso, S. (2018) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000000853 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The relationship between alexithymia and salivary cortisol levels in somatoform disorders
Gil, F. P., Bidlingmaier, M., Ridout, N., Scheidt, C. E., Caton, S. J., Schoechlin, C., & Nickel, M. (2008) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/08039480801983554 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Empirical findings support the clinical impression of an association between somatization and alexithymia (1, 2, 6).”
BackgroundAlexithymia in Finnish General Population
Mattila, A. K. (2009) · Tampere University Institutional Repository (Tampere University) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Peculiar alexithymic traits in burning mouth syndrome: case–control study
Marino, R., Picci, R. L., Ferro, G., Carezana, C., GANDOLFO, S., & Pentenero, M. (2015) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-015-1416-5 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“Interestingly, a prospective study found that alexithymic subjects were more prone to develop somatoform disorders [35] and a recent systematic review showed that studies addressing somatoform conditions reported significantly higher degree of alexithymic traits in such subjects when compared to healthy controls, with…”
The Influence of Alexithymia on Persistent Symptoms of Dyspepsia after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Porcelli, P., Lorusso, D., Taylor, G. J., & Bagby, R. M. (2007) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/r781-2897-7218-0r32 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The present study adds to the small number of studies demonstrating a negative impact of alexithymia on the outcome of standard treatments for such conditions as post-traumatic stress disorder, somatization, FGID, and complicated grief [20, 21, 39, 40].”
ResultTerock, J., Janowitz, D., Grabe, H. J., Freyberger, H. J., Schneider, W., & Klauer, T. (2017) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000457961 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
de Vroege, L., Emons, W. H. M., Sijtsma, K., & van der Feltz-Cornelis, C. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00292 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Influencia del nivel de alexitimia en el procesamiento de estímulos emocionales en una tarea stroop
Martínez‐Sánchez, F., & Serrano, J. M. (1997) · Psicothema · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Facial emotion recognition and alexithymia in adults with somatoform disorders
Gil, F. P., Ridout, N., Kessler, H., Neuffer, M., Schoechlin, C., Traue, H. C., & Nickel, M. (2007) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20440 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“This finding is consistent with earlier studies that have reported elevated alexithymia scores in patients with SFD [Bach and Bach, 1995; Bankier et al., 2001].”
Clinical correlates of alexithymia in patients with fibromyalgia
Evren, B., Evren, C., & Guler, M. H. (2006) · The Pain Clinic · doi:10.1163/156856906775249857 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Evren, B., & Evren, C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings · doi:10.1007/s10880-007-9072-9 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Construct Validity of the Schwartz Outcome Scale
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“Alexithymia has been linked to worse outcomes of treatment for anxiety and somatoform disorders (Bach and Bach, 1995), alcoholism (Cleland et al., 2005), depression (Ogrodniczuk et al., 2004) and mixed psychiatric disorders (McCallum et al., 2003).”
BackgroundEmotional Self‐Awareness, Eating Disorders, and Racial Identity Attitudes in African American Women
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“Individuals with this thinking style tend to concentrate on concrete details and practical aspects of their environment, often at the expense of introspection and emotional awareness [1, 2].”
BackgroundThe critical role of psychosomatics in promoting a new perspective upon health and disease.
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Alexithymia: Treatment Interventions
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“Örneğin, Bach ve Bach’ın somatoform bozukluk ve panik bozukluk hastalarının tedavi edildiği iki yıllık takip çalışmasında ısrarlı somatizasyon için, psikopatoloji çeşidi, hastalığın şiddeti ve sosyodemografik değişkenlere göre aleksitiminin daha anlamlı bir yordayıcı olduğu bulunmuştur.[14] Bu veriler, birçok araştırm…”
Alexithymie und Somatisierung bei infertilen Männern
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Exploring Chronic Fatigue Syndrome in Adolescents
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Somatization Mediates the Structural Relationship of Alexithymia with Anxiety and Depression
Farhoumandi, N., Zarean, M., Nasiri, M., & Jega, M. (2022) · Iranian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.18502/ijps.v17i2.8904 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Furthermore, findings suggest that alexithymia anticipates poorer treatment outcomes for anxiety, somatoform disorders (30), and depression (31).”
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Emotion work and well-being of secondary school educators
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Análisis de la eficacia de un tratamiento grupal cognitivo-conductual en sujetos con somatizaciones.
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“El desarrollo de las sesiones ha sido diseñado realizando adaptaciones de otros programas de terapia aplicados en este tipo de pacientes (Bach y Bach, 1995; Sharpe et al., 1992); junto con apor-taciones propias, partiendo de la experiencia con terapia grupal en trastornos de ansiedad…”
BackgroundAlexithymia in Parkinson’s Disease: Secondary Phenomenon Or Primary Neuropsychiatric feature?
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Temperament, character traits and alexithymia in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder
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- Authors
- Bach, M., & Bach, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Vienna (AT)
- Venue
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2010-02-18
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-48
- ISSN
- 0033-3190 (ISSN-L)
- 1423-0348
- OpenAlex
- W2039507729
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 4.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- alexithymia, somatoform disorders, somatization, treatment outcome prediction, long-term remission, anxiety disorders, undifferentiated somatoform disorder, disease severity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Anxiety Disorders, Behavior Therapy, Combined Modality Therapy, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Sick Role, Somatoform Disorders, Treatment Outcome
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