SHOX haploinsufficiency as a cause of syndromic and nonsyndromic short stature
Open accessAbstract
SHOX in the short arm pseudoautosomal region (PAR1) of sex chromosomes is one of the major growth genes in humans. SHOX haploinsufficiency results in idiopathic short stature and Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis and is associated with the short stature of patients with Turner syndrome. The SHOX protein likely controls chondrocyte apoptosis by regulating multiple target genes including BNP,Fgfr3, Agc1, and Ctgf. SHOX haploinsufficiency frequently results from deletions and duplications in PAR1 involving SHOX exons and/or the cis-acting enhancers, while exonic point mutations account for a small percentage of cases. The clinical severity of SHOX haploinsufficiency reflects hormonal conditions rather than mutation types. Growth hormone treatment seems to be beneficial for cases with SHOX haploinsufficiency, although the long-term outcomes of this therapy require confirmation. Future challenges in SHOX research include elucidating its precise function in the developing limbs, identifying additional cis-acting enhancers, and determining optimal therapeutic strategies for patients.
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The SHOX gene is involved in the maturation of the pharyngeal arches into external ear, middle ear, and pharyngeal structures.
“The SHOX gene is involved in the maturation of the pharyngeal arches into external ear, middle ear, and pharyngeal structures.654”
From Clinical practice guidelines for the care of girls and women with Turner syndrome. (2024) · cites this paper as [654]
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- Authors
- Fukami, M., Seki, A., & Ogata, T.
- Affiliations
- National Research Institute for Child Health and Development (JP)
- National Center For Child Health and Development (JP)
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine (JP)
- Venue
- Molecular Syndromology
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2016
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-11
- ISSN
- 1661-8769 (ISSN-L)
- 1661-8777
- PMC
- PMC4862394
- OpenAlex
- W2307861471
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 1.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Molecular Syndromology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Center for Child Health and Development
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JCR Pharmaceuticals
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Connective tissue disorders research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factors
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomics and Rare Diseases
- Keywords
- SHOX haploinsufficiency, short stature, Léri-Weill dyschondrosteosis, Turner syndrome, chondrocyte apoptosis, growth-related genes, cis-acting enhancer, growth hormone therapy, limb development
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