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The ABCD of Obesity: An EASO Position Statement on a Diagnostic Term with Clinical and Scientific Implications
Open accessAbstract
Obesity is a frequent, serious, complex, relapsing, and chronic disease process that represents a major public health problem. The coining of obesity as an adiposity-based chronic disease (ABCD) is of particular relevance being in line with EASO’s proposal to improve the International Classification of Diseases ICD-11 diagnostic criteria for obesity based on three dimensions, namely etiology, degree of adiposity, and health risks. The body mass index as a unique measurement of obesity does not reflect the whole complexity of the disease. Obesity complications are mainly determined by 2 pathological processes, i.e., physical forces (fat mass disease) as well as endocrine and immune responses (sick fat disease), which are embedded in a cultural and physical context leading to a specific ABCD stage.
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“Several professional organisations, including the American Association of Clinical Endocrinology and the European Association for the Study of Obesity have recommended consideration of pathophysiological abnormalities in the mass, distribution, and function of adipose tissue as more appropriate than BMI-centric criteria to assess the effect of excess adiposity on health.48,49”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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“Attempts in the past centuries (eg, polysarcie and corpulence) and more recently (eg, an adiposity-based chronic disease49) have not succeeded in erasing the name obesity from medical, scientific, or common, everyday vernacular use.”
From Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity (2025) · cites this paper as [49]
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The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481
Self-citationEuropean Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults
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Metadata
- Authors
- Frühbeck, G., Busetto, L., Dicker, D., Yumuk, V., Goossens, G. H., Hebebrand, J., Halford, J. G. C., Farpour-Lambert, N. J., Blaak, E. E., Woodward, E., & Toplak, H.
- Affiliations
- Clinica Universidad de Navarra (ES)
- University of Padua (IT)
- Tel Aviv University (IL)
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa (TR)
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Essen University Hospital (DE)
- European Association for the Study of Obesity (GB)
- Medical University of Graz (AT)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Obesity Facts
- Publisher
- S. Karger AG
- Published
- 2019
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 131-136
- ISSN
- 1662-4025 (ISSN-L)
- 1662-4033
- PMC
- PMC6547280
- OpenAlex
- W2921933461
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 46 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 48.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Obesity Facts (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Deposito Adademico Digital Universidad De Navarra (University of Navarra) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity and Health Practices
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- obesity, ICD-11 diagnostic criteria, body mass index limitations, obesity etiology, health risks, obesity classification
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine, Humans, Terminology as Topic, Obesity, Societies, Scientific, Body Mass Index, Biomedical Research, Adiposity
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