The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 36 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations Are Acutely Increased by Hyperglycemia in Humans: Role of Oxidative Stress
Abstract
Background— Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated in diabetic patients. We assessed the role of glucose in the regulation of circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as well as the effect of the antioxidant glutathione. Methods and Results— Plasma glucose levels were acutely raised in 20 control and 15 IGT subjects and maintained at 15 mmol/L for 5 hours while endogenous insulin secretion was blocked with octreotide. In control subjects, plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 levels rose ( P <0.01) within 2 hours of the clamp and returned to basal values at 3 hours. In another study, the same subjects received 3 consecutive pulses of intravenous glucose (0.33 g/kg) separated by a 2-hour interval. Plasma cytokine levels obtained at 3, 4, and 5 hours were higher ( P <0.05) than the corresponding values obtained during the clamp. The IGT subjects had fasting plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels higher ( P <0.05) than those of control subjects. The increase in plasma cytokine levels during the clamping lasted longer (4 hours versus 2 hours, P <0.01) in the IGT subjects than in the control subjects, and the cytokine peaks of IGT subjects after the first glucose pulse were higher ( P <0.05) than those of control subjects. On another occasion, 10 control and 8 IGT subjects received the same glucose pulses as above during an infusion of glutathione; plasma cytokine levels did not show any significant change from baseline after the 3 glucose pulses. Conclusions— Hyperglycemia acutely increases circulating cytokine concentrations by an oxidative mechanism, and this effect is more pronounced in subjects with IGT. This suggests a causal role for hyperglycemia in the immune activation of diabetes.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, a negative influence of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia on endothelial function has been reported in both normal and diabetic subjects.”
In the citing paper
“Other studies have demonstrated that fluctuations in blood glucose levels may contribute more to outcomes than constant high blood glucose concentrations.31–35”
From Increased Time in Range and Fewer Missed Bolus Injections After Introduction of a Smart Connected Insulin Pen (2020) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin 6, and Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Pradhan, A. D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.286.3.327 · Cited by 4,433
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429
Capes, S. E., Hunt, D., Malmberg, K., & Gerstein, H. C. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)08415-9 · Cited by 2,187
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Releases Interleukin-6, But Not Tumor Necrosis Factor-α,in Vivo1
Mohamed‐Ali, V., Goodrick, S., Rawesh, A., Katz, D. R., Miles, J. M., Yudkin, J. S., Klein, S., & Coppack, S. W. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4450 · Cited by 2,032
Oxidative Stress and Diabetic Vascular Complications
Giugliano, D., Ceriello, A., & Paolisso, G. (1996) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.19.3.257 · Cited by 1,921
Self-citationYuan, M., Konstantopoulos, N., Lee, J., Hansen, L., Li, Z.-W., Karin, M., & Shoelson, S. E. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1061620 · Cited by 1,884
Associations of elevated interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein levels with mortality in the elderly
Harris, T. B., Ferrucci, L., Tracy, R. P., Corti, M. C., Wacholder, S., Ettinger, W. H., Heimovitz, H., Cohen, H. J., & Wallace, R. (1999) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0002-9343(99)00066-2 · Cited by 1,488
Pickup, J. C., Mattock, M. B., Chusney, G. D., & Burt, D. J. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050822 · Cited by 1,246
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Pfeffer, M., Sacks, F., Lepage, S., & Braunwald, E. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.18.2149 · Cited by 934
Activation of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
Schmidt, A. M., Yan, S. D., Wautier, J., & Stern, D. M. (1999) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.84.5.489 · Cited by 799
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 1,001–1,003 of 1,003
Fayfman, M., Davis, G., Duggan, E. W., Urrutia, M., Chachkhiani, D., Schindler, J., Pasquel, F. J., Galindo, R. J., Vellanki, P., Reyes-Umpierrez, D., et al. (2018) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2018.08.014 · Cited by 15
Wallia, A., Prince, G., Touma, E., El Muayed, M., & Seley, J. J. (2020) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-020-01366-0 · Cited by 23
Inflammation Through a Psychoneuroimmunological Lens
Bennett, J. M., Gillie, B. L., Lindgren, M. E., Fagundes, C. P., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2013) · Handbook of Systems and Complexity in Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-4998-0_19 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Esposito, K., Nappo, F., Marfella, R., Giugliano, G., Giugliano, F., Ciotola, M., Quagliaro, L., Ceriello, A., & Giugliano, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Udine (IT)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2002-10-15
- Volume
- 106
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 2067-2072
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2123560318
- Cited by
- 1,961
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 101
- FWCI
- 38.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine) (submittedVersion)
- Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- hyperglycemia, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, TNF-α, IL-18, impaired glucose tolerance, glutathione, oxidative stress, glucose clamp
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Antioxidants, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glutathione, Humans, Inflammation, Kinetics, Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Glucose Intolerance, Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-18
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
