Cited by 1,961Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesAdvanced Glycation End Products researchDiabetes Management and Research

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Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations Are Acutely Increased by Hyperglycemia in Humans: Role of Oxidative Stress

Esposito, Katherine, Nappo, Francesco, Marfella, Raffaele, Giugliano, Giovanni, Giugliano, Francesco, Ciotola, Myriam, Quagliaro, Lisa, Ceriello, Antonio, Giugliano, Dario·2002·Circulation

DOI 10.1161/01.cir.0000034509.14906.ae

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Abstract

Background— Circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are elevated in diabetic patients. We assessed the role of glucose in the regulation of circulating levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in subjects with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), as well as the effect of the antioxidant glutathione. Methods and Results— Plasma glucose levels were acutely raised in 20 control and 15 IGT subjects and maintained at 15 mmol/L for 5 hours while endogenous insulin secretion was blocked with octreotide. In control subjects, plasma IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-18 levels rose ( P <0.01) within 2 hours of the clamp and returned to basal values at 3 hours. In another study, the same subjects received 3 consecutive pulses of intravenous glucose (0.33 g/kg) separated by a 2-hour interval. Plasma cytokine levels obtained at 3, 4, and 5 hours were higher ( P <0.05) than the corresponding values obtained during the clamp. The IGT subjects had fasting plasma IL-6 and TNF-α levels higher ( P <0.05) than those of control subjects. The increase in plasma cytokine levels during the clamping lasted longer (4 hours versus 2 hours, P <0.01) in the IGT subjects than in the control subjects, and the cytokine peaks of IGT subjects after the first glucose pulse were higher ( P <0.05) than those of control subjects. On another occasion, 10 control and 8 IGT subjects received the same glucose pulses as above during an infusion of glutathione; plasma cytokine levels did not show any significant change from baseline after the 3 glucose pulses. Conclusions— Hyperglycemia acutely increases circulating cytokine concentrations by an oxidative mechanism, and this effect is more pronounced in subjects with IGT. This suggests a causal role for hyperglycemia in the immune activation of diabetes.

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10.1161/circ.104.14.1598 · DOI
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Background
Therapeutic Effect of Alprostadil in Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Roles of Angiopoietin-2 and IL-18
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Effects of Voglibose and Nateglinide on Glycemic Status and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Early-Stage Diabetic Patients
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“ACEI, n (%) 30 (30) 29 (29) 36 (36) 30 (30) 34 (34) 28 (28)”
Relationship of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio with Aortic Stiffness in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
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Dietary soy protein inhibits DNA damage and cell survival of colon epithelial cells through attenuated expression of fatty acid synthase
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“proinflammatory oxidative environment with attendant DNA damage (12).”
Background
Effects of Hyperglycemia, Hyperinsulinemia, and Hyperosmolarity on Neutrophil Apoptosis
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“However, changes in TNF-(cid:1) concentrations secondary to acute hyperglycemia occur within a few hours [33,34] and may no longer be apparent later.”
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“These data are in line with several other groups showing a reduction in endothelial function after shortterm (up to 6 hours) glucose-administration.(4,5,12) In contrast, Reed et al reported that hyperglycemia had no effect on endothelial function.”
Result
Eating Fast Has a Significant Impact on Glycemic Excursion in Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Trial
Saito, Y., Kajiyama, S., Nitta, A., Miyawaki, T., Matsumoto, S., Ozasa, N., Kajiyama, S., Hashimoto, Y., Fukui, M., & Imai, S. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092767 · Cited by 31
S‐Nitrosoglutathione Decreases Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Experimental Periodontitis in Rats
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Catalpol ameliorates diabetic atherosclerosis in diabetic rabbits.
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Sharif, Κ., Ghadir, S., Jakubowicz, D. J., Amital, H., Bragazzi, N. L., Watad, ‬., Wainstein, J., & Bar‐Dayan, Y. (2019) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-019-0810-8 · Cited by 31
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Levels of Cyclooxygenase 2, Interleukin‐6, and Tumour Necrosis Factor‐ α in Fibroblast Cell Culture Models after Photobiomodulation at 660 nm
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BackgroundInfluential
Infection and Immunometabolism in the Central Nervous System: A Possible Mechanistic Link Between Metabolic Imbalance and Dementia
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Eating Vegetables First Regardless of Eating Speed Has a Significant Reducing Effect on Postprandial Blood Glucose and Insulin in Young Healthy Women: Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study
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Serum uric acid level is associated with the development of microalbuminuria in Korean men
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Effect of Hyperglycemia and Insulin in Acute Coronary Syndromes
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Levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2, gender, and risk of myocardial infarction in Northern Sweden
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Endothelial Dysfunction and Platelet Hyperactivation in Diabetic Complications Induced by Glycemic Variability
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Background
Efficacy of Bioactive Glass Nanofibers Tested for Oral Mucosal Regeneration in Rabbits with Induced Diabetes
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Stress hyperglycemia may have higher risk of stroke recurrence than previously diagnosed diabetes mellitus
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Background
Poorly controlled type 1 diabetes is associated with altered glutathione homeostasis in adolescents: apparent resistance toN-acetylcysteine supplementation
Darmaun, D., Smith, S. D., Sweeten, S., Hartman, B. K., Welch, S., & Mauras, N. (2008) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5448.2008.00436.x · Cited by 29
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Background
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Metabolic syndrome is a low-grade systemic inflammatory condition
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Background
Hyperglycemia and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: from Bedside to Bench—More Study Is Needed
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Acute hyperglycemia impairs IL‐6 expression in humans
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“A separate protocol only using octreotide was not performed as octreotide-only infusions have not been found to alter cytokine levels [20].”
Method
Application of pharmacogenomics in the prevention of diabetic cardiovascular disease: Mechanistic basis and clinical evidence for utilization of the haptoglobin genotype in determining benefit from antioxidant therapy
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Antioxidant vitamins reduce acute meal-induced memory deficits in adults with type 2 diabetes
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“Although the chronic associations between oxidative stress and cognitive impairment are more robust [15,16], limited evidence suggests that even acute exposure to reactive oxygen species impairs memory function [19], possibly via resulting elevations in plasma proinflammatory cytokines [20,21].”
Background

Authors: Esposito, K., Nappo, F., Marfella, R., Giugliano, G., Giugliano, F., Ciotola, M., Quagliaro, L., Ceriello, A., & Giugliano, D.
Affiliations: University of Udine (IT)
ORCID: Esposito, Katherine
Marfella, Raffaele
Ceriello, Antonio
Giugliano, Dario
Venue: Circulation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2002-10-15
Volume: 106
Issue: 16
Pages: 2067-2072
ISSN: 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000034509.14906.ae
OpenAlex: W2123560318
Cited by: 1,961
References: 36
Citations by year: 2026: 57 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 95 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 86 · 2017: 70 · 2016: 87 · 2015: 112 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 102 · 2012: 101
FWCI: 38.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Circulation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Research Information System (University of Udine) (submittedVersion)
Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Clinical Biochemistry › Advanced Glycation End Products research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Keywords: hyperglycemia, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, TNF-α, IL-18, impaired glucose tolerance, glutathione, oxidative stress, glucose clamp
MeSH terms: Adult, Antioxidants, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glutathione, Humans, Inflammation, Kinetics, Male, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Cytokines, Glucose Intolerance, Oxidative Stress, Interleukin-18

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Inflammatory Cytokine Concentrations Are Acutely Increased by Hyperglycemia in Humans: Role of Oxidative Stress

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