The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relationships Between Sinus Rhythm, Treatment, and Survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study
Abstract
Background— The AFFIRM Study showed that treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation and a high risk for stroke or death with a rhythm-control strategy offered no survival advantage over a rate-control strategy in an intention-to-treat analysis. This article reports an “on-treatment” analysis of the relationship of survival to cardiac rhythm and treatment as they changed over time. Methods and Results— Modeling techniques were used to determine the relationships among survival, baseline clinical variables, and time-dependent variables. The following baseline variables were significantly associated with an increased risk of death: increasing age, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes, stroke or transient ischemic attack, smoking, left ventricular dysfunction, and mitral regurgitation. Among the time-dependent variables, the presence of sinus rhythm (SR) was associated with a lower risk of death, as was warfarin use. Antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) were associated with increased mortality only after adjustment for the presence of SR. Consistent with the original intention-to-treat analysis, AADs were no longer associated with mortality when SR was removed from the model. Conclusions— Warfarin use improves survival. SR is either an important determinant of survival or a marker for other factors associated with survival that were not recorded, determined, or included in the survival model. Currently available AADs are not associated with improved survival, which suggests that any beneficial antiarrhythmic effects of AADs are offset by their adverse effects. If an effective method for maintaining SR with fewer adverse effects were available, it might be beneficial.
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Cites
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Cited by
2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
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Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal
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Metadata
- Authors
- The AFFIRM Investigators
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2004-03-30
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1509-1513
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W1207268963
- Cited by
- 1,206
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 41.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- The AFFIRM Investigators. (2004). Relationships Between Sinus Rhythm, Treatment, and Survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000121736.16643.11
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