The DOI matches its Crossref record; 66 of the 66 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
HDL Cholesterol and Protective Factors in Atherosclerosis
Abstract
A low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Epidemiological and clinical studies provide evidence that HDL-C levels are linked to rates of coronary events. The cardioprotective effects of HDL-C have been attributed to its role in reverse cholesterol transport, its effects on endothelial cells, and its antioxidant activity. Although some clinical trials suggest a benefit of raising HDL-C to reduce risk, further studies are needed, and HDL-C is still not considered a primary target of therapy in the National Cholesterol Education Program guidelines. However, HDL-C should be considered as part of the patient’s overall profile of established risk factors in determining treatment strategies.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Grundy, S. M., Bilheimer, D. W., Chait, A., Clark, L. T., Denke, M. A., Havel, R. J., Hazzard, W. R., Hulley, S. B., Hunninghake, D. B., Kreisberg, R. A., et al. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.269.23.3015 · Cited by 27,947
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
Downs, J. R., Clearfield, M., Weis, S., Whitney, E., Shapiro, D. R., Beere, P. A., Langendorfer, A., Stein, E. A., Kruyer, W., Gotto, Jr., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.20.1615 · Cited by 5,236
Helsinki Heart Study: Primary-Prevention Trial with Gemfibrozil in Middle-Aged Men with Dyslipidemia
Frick, M. H., Elo, O., Haapa, K., Heinonen, O. P., Heinsalmi, P., Helo, P., Huttunen, J. K., Kaitaniemi, P., Koskinen, P., Manninen, V., et al. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198711123172001 · Cited by 3,881
Rubins, H. B., Robins, S. J., Collins, D., Fye, C. L., Anderson, J. W., Elam, M. B., Faas, F. H., Linares, E., Schaefer, E. J., Schectman, G., et al. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908053410604 · Cited by 3,439
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. Four prospective American studies.
Gordon, D. J., Probstfield, J. L., Garrison, R. J., Neaton, J. D., Castelli, W. P., Knoke, J. D., Jacobs, D. R., Bangdiwala, S., & Tyroler, H. A. (1989) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.79.1.8 · Cited by 3,162
Nissen, S. E., Tsunoda, T., Tuzcu, E. M., Schoenhagen, P., Cooper, C. J., Yasin, M., Eaton, G. M., Lauer, M. A., Sheldon, W. S., Grines, C. L., et al. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.290.17.2292 · Cited by 1,707
Mutations in ABC1 in Tangier disease and familial high-density lipoprotein deficiency
Brooks-Wilson, A., Marcil, M., Clee, S. M., Zhang, L.-H., Roomp, K., van Dam, M., Yu, L., Brewer, C., Collins, J. A., Molhuizen, H. O. F., et al. (1999) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/11905 · Cited by 1,687
High-Density Lipoprotein — The Clinical Implications of Recent Studies
Desforges, J. F., Gordon, D. J., & Rifkind, B. M. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198911093211907 · Cited by 1,547
Cited by
Physiology of Local Renin-Angiotensin Systems
Paul, M., Poyan Mehr, A., & Kreutz, R. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00036.2005 · Cited by 1,739
Kontush, A., & Chapman, M. J. (2006) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.58.3.1 · Cited by 647
High-Density Lipoprotein as a Therapeutic Target: A Systematic Review
Singh, I. M., Shishehbor, M. H., & Ansell, B. J. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.7.786 · Cited by 468
Timmins, J. M., Lee, J.-Y., Boudyguina, E., Kluckman, K. D., Brunham, L. R., Mulya, A., Gebre, A. K., Coutinho, J. M., Colvin, P. L., Smith, T. L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23915 · Cited by 447
Qin, Y., Xia, M., Ma, J., Hao, Y., Liu, J., Mou, H., Cao, L., & Ling, W. (2009) · The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27814 · Cited by 443
Metadata
- Authors
- Assmann, G., & Gotto, A. M.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2004-06-15
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 23_suppl_1
- Pages
- III8-14
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2150625048
- Cited by
- 630
- References
- 66
- FWCI
- 31.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: HDL Cholesterol and Protective Factors in Atherosclerosis. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1161/01.cir.0000131512.50667.46
- The paper
- Assmann, G., & Gotto, A. M. (2004). HDL Cholesterol and Protective Factors in Atherosclerosis. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000131512.50667.46
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.