Effects of a New Hormone Therapy, Drospirenone and 17-β-Estradiol, in Postmenopausal Women With Hypertension
Abstract
Drospirenone (DRSP), a progestin with antialdosterone activity, has been developed for hormone therapy in combination with 17-β-estradiol (E2) in postmenopausal women. We evaluated the antihypertensive efficacy and safety of various doses of DRSP and E2 and estradiol alone in postmenopausal women with hypertension using ambulatory and clinic blood pressure (BP) monitoring. This was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial of 3 doses of DRSP combined with estradiol, estradiol alone, and placebo in 750 postmenopausal women with stage 1 to 2 hypertension between 45 to 75 years. Ambulatory and clinic BPs, potassium, aldosterone, and lipid measurements and adverse events were evaluated in postmenopausal women with stages 1 to 2 hypertension during 8 weeks of double-blind therapy. DRSP and E2 induced dose-related reductions in the ambulatory and clinic systolic BP with physiological increases in serum aldosterone. Significant decreases in 24-hour systolic pressure were observed at doses of 2 and 3 mg of DRSP combined with estradiol but not by estradiol alone or 1 mg of DRSP with estradiol. There were no significant changes from baseline in potassium in any treatment group. Small, significant reductions in total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol occurred on all of the active treatments, and serum triglycerides did not change. Adverse event rates were low and similar across treatment groups. In conclusion, these data show that DRSP combined with E2 significantly reduces BP in postmenopausal women with hypertension and did not induce significant increases in serum potassium. These characteristics may lead to a new benefit for this novel hormone therapy in postmenopausal women with hypertension.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The type of oral contraceptives is important, with combined oral contraceptives (progestin and estradiol) associated with blood pressure elevations at greater rates than lower-dose estradiol-only and progestin-only oral contraceptives.
“The type of oral contraceptives is important, with combined oral contraceptives (progestin and estradiol) associated with BP elevations at greater rates than lower-dose estradiol-only and progestin-only oral contraceptives.207,208”
From Resistant Hypertension: Detection, Evaluation, and Management: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2018) · cites this paper as [207]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure
Pitt, B., Zannad, F., Remme, W. J., Cody, R., Castaigne, A., Perez, A., Palensky, J., & Wittes, J. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199909023411001 · Cited by 9,214 · see citing works
Self-citationHulley, S. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.280.7.605 · Cited by 6,216 · see citing works
Pitt, B., Remme, W., Zannad, F., Neaton, J., Martinez, F., Roniker, B., Bittman, R., Hurley, S., Kleiman, J., & Gatlin, M. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030207 · Cited by 4,941 · see citing works
Self-citationStaessen, J. A., Fagard, R., Thijs, L., Celis, H., Arabidze, G. G., Birkenhäger, W. H., Bulpitt, C. J., de Leeuw, P. W., Dollery, C. T., Fletcher, A. E., et al. (1997) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)05381-6 · Cited by 2,989 · see citing works
The Effect of Spironolactone on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients with Severe Heart Failure
Pitt, B., Zannad, F. M., Remme, W. J., Cody, R. J., Castaigne, A., Pérez, A. J. P., Palensky, J., & Wittes, J. T. (2000) · Survey of Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00132586-200006000-00059 · Cited by 2,927 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of High-Normal Blood Pressure on the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease
Vasan, R. S., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Evans, J. C., O’Donnell, C. J., Kannel, W. B., & Levy, D. A. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa003417 · Cited by 2,079 · see citing works
Estrogen plus Progestin and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Manson, J. E., Hsia, J., Johnson, K. C., Rossouw, J. E., Assaf, A. R., Lasser, N. L., Trevisan, M., Black, H. R., Heckbert, S. R., Detrano, R., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030808 · Cited by 2,065 · see citing works
Effects of Estrogen Replacement on the Progression of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis
Herrington, D. M., Reboussin, D. M., Brosnihan, K. B., Sharp, P. C., Shumaker, S. A., Snyder, T. E., Furberg, C. D., Kowalchuk, G. J., Stuckey, T. D., Rogers, W. J., et al. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008243430801 · Cited by 1,242 · see citing works
A Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy after Ischemic Stroke
Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Kernan, W. N., Sarrel, P. M., Suissa, S., & Horwitz, R. I. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010534 · Cited by 919 · see citing works
Farquharson, C. A. J., & Struthers, A. D. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.6.594 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Mineralocorticoid Blockade Reduces Vascular Injury in Stroke-Prone Hypertensive Rats
Rocha, R., Chander, P. N., Khanna, K., Zuckerman, A. L., & Stier, C. T. (1998) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.31.1.451 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Hormone Therapy and the Progression of Coronary-Artery Atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women
Hodis, H. N., Mack, W. J., Azen, S. P., Lobo, R. A., Shoupe, D., Mahrer, P. R., Faxon, D. P., Cashin-Hemphill, L., Sanmarco, M. E., French, W. J., et al. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa030830 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Drospirenone: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of a unique progestogen
Krattenmacher, R. (2000) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00133-5 · Cited by 375 · see citing works
Effects of estrogens and progestogens on the renin-aldosterone system and blood pressure
Oelkers, W. K. H. (1996) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(96)00007-4 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
White, W. B., Duprez, D. A., Hillaire, R. S., Krause, S. L., Roniker, B., Kuse-Hamilton, J., & Weber, M. A. (2003) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000067463.13172.ea · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Self-citationChrysostomou, A., & Becker, G. J. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200109203451215 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Oelkers, W., Foidart, J. M., Dombrovicz, N., Welter, A., & Heithecker, R. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.6.7775629 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Archer, D. F., Thorneycroft, I. H., Foegh, M. L., Hanes, V., Glant, M. D., Bitterman, P., & Kempson, R. L. (2005) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000177318.24005.b1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationA Clinical Trial of Estrogen-Replacement Therapy After Ischemic Stroke
Viscoli, C. M., Brass, L. M., Kernan, W. N., Sarrel, P. M., Suissa, S., & Horwitz, R. I. (2002) · Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey · doi:10.1097/00006254-200203000-00019 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Aldosterone and vascular damage
Duprez, D. A., Buyzere, M. D., Rietzschel, E. R., & Clement, D. L. (2000) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-000-0017-z · Cited by 110 · see citing works
White, W. B., Carr, A. A., Krause, S. L., Jordan, R., Roniker, B., & Oigman, W. (2003) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(03)00461-2 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, W. B., Pitt, B., Preston, R. A., & Hanes, V. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.501502 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationPreston, R. A., White, W. B., Pitt, B., Bakris, G. L., NORRIS, P., & Hanes, V. (2005) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/j.amjhyper.2004.12.003 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Self-citationPreston, R. A., ALONSO, A., PANZITTA, D., ZHANG, P., & Karara, A. H. (2002) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1016/s0895-7061(02)02980-1 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Shlipak, M. G., Chaput, L. A., Vittinghoff, E., Lin, F., Bittner, V., Knopp, R. H., & Hulley, S. B. (2003) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(03)00412-5 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Steiner, A. Z., Hodis, H. N., Løbo, R. A., Shoupe, D., Xiang, M., & Mack, W. J. (2005) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/01.gme.0000184426.81190.01 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Hyperkalemia, Congestive Heart Failure, and Aldosterone Receptor Antagonism
Sica, D. A., Gehr, T. W. B., & Yancy, C. W. (2003) · Congestive Heart Failure · doi:10.1111/j.1527-5299.2003.02397.x · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Benefits of Antihypertensive Therapy in Older Patients With Hypertension
White, W. B. (2000) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.160.2.149 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, W. B. (2001) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-004-9_13 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Carey, R. M., Calhoun, D. A., Bakris, G. L., Brook, R. D., Daugherty, S. L., Dennison-Himmelfarb, C. R., Egan, B. M., Flack, J. M., Gidding, S. S., Judd, E., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000084 · Cited by 1,153 · see citing works
Self-citationHormone Therapy in Menopause: Concepts, Controversies, and Approach to Treatment
Flores, V. A., Pal, L., & Manson, J. E. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab011 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Contracepção hormonal e sistema cardiovascular
Brito, M. B., Nobre, F., & Vieira, C. S. (2011) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000022 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Blood Pressure Effects of the Oral Contraceptive and Postmenopausal Hormone Therapies
Boldo, A., & White, W. B. (2011) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2011.01.008 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- White, W. B., Hanes, V., Chauhan, V., & Pitt, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2006-08
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 246-253
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2101795816
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 11.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- drospirenone, estradiol, hormone replacement therapy, postmenopausal hypertension, antihypertensive efficacy, serum aldosterone, potassium, cholesterol, triglycerides, dose-response relationship, ambulatory blood pressure
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aldosterone, Androstenes, Blood Pressure, Cholesterol, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Estradiol, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Middle Aged, Potassium, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Postmenopause, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
