Cited by 849Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic ControlNon-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringBlood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

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Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Evaluating Cardiovascular Regulation: A Critical Appraisal

Parati, Gianfranco, Saul, J. Philip, Di Rienzo, Marco, Mancia, Giuseppe·1995·Hypertension

DOI 10.1161/01.hyp.25.6.1276

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Abstract

Abstract Blood pressure variability includes rhythmic and nonrhythmic fluctuations that, with the use of spectral analysis, appear as clear peaks or broadband power, respectively. This review offers a concise and critical description of the spectral methods most commonly used (fast Fourier transform versus autoregressive modeling, time-varying versus broadband spectral analysis) and an evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. It also provides insight into the problems that still affect the physiological and clinical interpretations of data provided by spectral analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability. In particular, the assessment of blood pressure and heart rate spectra aimed at providing indexes of autonomic cardiovascular modulation is discussed. Evidence is given that multivariate models—which allow evaluation of the interactions between changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and other biological signals (such as respiratory activity) in the time or frequency domains—offer a more comprehensive approach to the assessment of cardiovascular regulation than that represented by the separate analysis of fluctuations in blood pressure or heart rate only.

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Authors: Parati, G., Saul, J. P., Di Rienzo, M., & Mancia, G.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
From the Istituto Scientifico Ospedale S. Luca, Centro Auxologico Italiano, Milano (G.P., G.M.); Medicina Interna I, Ospedale S. Gerardo, Monza and Università di Milano (G.P., G.M.) (Italy); Children’s Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston (J.P.S.); Massachussetts Institute of Technology, Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge (J.P.S.), Mass; and LaRC, Centro di Bioingegneria, Fondazione Pro Juventute, Milano, Italy (M. Di R.).
ORCID: Parati, Gianfranco
Saul, J. Philip
Mancia, Giuseppe
Venue: Hypertension
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1995-06
Volume: 25
Issue: 6
Pages: 1276-1286
ISSN: 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
1524-4563
DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.25.6.1276
OpenAlex: W2102043873
Cited by: 849
References: 92
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 35
FWCI: 26.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Hypertension (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Keywords: blood pressure variability, heart rate variability, spectral analysis, cardiovascular regulation, autonomic regulation, fast Fourier transform, autoregressive models, time-frequency analysis, multivariate analysis, respiratory activity, cardiac autonomic function
MeSH terms: Autonomic Nervous System, Blood Pressure, Fourier Analysis, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypertension, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

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Spectral Analysis of Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Evaluating Cardiovascular Regulation: A Critical Appraisal

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