The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
17β-Estradiol Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Basal Nitric Oxide Release, Independent of Cytosolic Ca 2+ Mobilization
Abstract
Abstract Estradiol retards the development of atherosclerosis. Animal models have suggested that NO may be a critical effector molecule in this cardiovascular protection. In this study, female human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were propagated in phenol red–free gonadal hormone–free medium and pretreated with 17β-estradiol (E 2 ). Reduced NO 2 − and NO 3 − (NO X ) concentration, determined by chemiluminescence, demonstrated a rapid increase in basal HUVEC NO release in response to physiological concentrations of E 2 . The estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 164,384 inhibited the augmented NO release, demonstrating an ER-mediated component of this response. Because endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) activity is largely regulated by cytosolic Ca 2+ , relative [Ca 2+ ] i in response to E 2 was determined in a fluorometric assay. E 2 did not promote HUVEC Ca 2+ fluxes. Furthermore, eNOS activity in E 2 -pretreated endothelial whole-cell lysates was not dependent on additional Ca 2+ . Despite involving the ER, this is a nongenomic effect of E 2 , as demonstrated by maintained responses in transcriptionally inhibited cells and by the rapidity (10 minutes) of cGMP formation in an NO bioassay. We demonstrate, for the first time, that independent of cytosolic Ca 2+ mobilization, there is augmentation of eNOS activity with a resultant increase in HUVEC basal NO release in response to short-term estradiol exposure. Implications for the cardiovascular protective role of estrogen are discussed.
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Cites
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Endothelium-derived relaxing factor produced and released from artery and vein is nitric oxide.
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Cited by
Multiple Actions of Steroid Hormones—A Focus on Rapid, Nongenomic Effects
Falkenstein, E., Tillmann, H.-C., Christ, M., Feuring, M., & Wehling, M. (2000) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1016/s0031-6997(24)01468-6 · Cited by 991
Nongenomic actions of steroid hormones
Lösel, R., & Wehling, M. (2003) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/nrm1009 · Cited by 980
Gender, sex hormones, and vascular tone
Orshal, J. M., & Khalil, R. A. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00338.2003 · Cited by 650
Nongenomic steroid action: controversies, questions, and answers
LÖSEL, R. M., FALKENSTEIN, E., FEURING, M., SCHULTZ, A., TILLMANN, H.-C., ROSSOL-HASEROTH, K., & WEHLING, M. (2003) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00003.2003 · Cited by 561
Modulation of Antioxidant Enzyme Expression and Function by Estrogen
Strehlow, K., Rotter, S., Wassmann, S., Adam, O., Grohé, C., Laufs, K., Böhm, M., & Nickenig, G. (2003) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000082334.17947.11 · Cited by 483
Metadata
- Authors
- Caulin-Glaser, T., García-Cardeña, G., Sarrel, P., Sessa, W. C., & Bender, J. R.
- Venue
- Circulation Research
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 885-892
- ISSN
- 0009-7330 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4571
- OpenAlex
- W2027501985
- Cited by
- 473
- References
- 42
- FWCI
- 13.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: 17β-Estradiol Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Basal Nitric Oxide Release, Independent of Cytosolic Ca 2+ Mobilization. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1161/01.res.81.5.885
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- Caulin-Glaser, T., García-Cardeña, G., Sarrel, P., Sessa, W. C., & Bender, J. R. (1997). 17β-Estradiol Regulation of Human Endothelial Cell Basal Nitric Oxide Release, Independent of Cytosolic Ca 2+ Mobilization. Circulation Research. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.81.5.885
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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