The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Atrial fibrillation as an independent risk factor for stroke: the Framingham study
Abstract
The impact of nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac failure on stroke incidence was examined in 5,070 participants in the Framingham Study after 34 years of follow-up. Compared with subjects free of these conditions, the age-adjusted incidence of stroke was more than doubled in the presence of coronary heart disease (p less than 0.001) and more than trebled in the presence of hypertension (p less than 0.001). There was a more than fourfold excess of stroke in subjects with cardiac failure (p less than 0.001) and a near fivefold excess when atrial fibrillation was present (p less than 0.001). In persons with coronary heart disease or cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation doubled the stroke risk in men and trebled the risk in women. With increasing age the effects of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiac failure on the risk of stroke became progressively weaker (p less than 0.05). Advancing age, however, did not reduce the significant impact of atrial fibrillation. For persons aged 80-89 years, atrial fibrillation was the sole cardiovascular condition to exert an independent effect on stroke incidence (p less than 0.001). The attributable risk of stroke for all cardiovascular contributors decreased with age except for atrial fibrillation, for which the attributable risk increased significantly (p less than 0.01), rising from 1.5% for those aged 50-59 years to 23.5% for those aged 80-89 years. While these findings highlight the impact of each cardiovascular condition on the risk of stroke, the data suggest that the elderly are particularly vulnerable to stroke when atrial fibrillation is present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“AF is associated with a 5-fold increased risk of stroke (Wolf 1991)9 and doubled mortality (Kirchhof 2016)10”
From 2021 ISHNE/HRS/EHRA/APHRS Expert Collaborative Statement on mHealth in Arrhythmia Management: Digital Medical Tools for Heart Rhythm Professionals: From the International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology/Heart Rhythm Society/European Heart Rhythm Association/Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (2021) · cites this paper as Wolf 1991
In the citing paper
“The number of people with a mobility disorder caused by stroke, spinal cord injury, or other related diseases is increasing rapidly.”
From Recent developments and challenges of lower extremity exoskeletons (2016) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Snedecor, G. W., Cochran, W. G., & STOUT, B. B. (1939) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-193902000-00006 · Cited by 19,423
Epidemiologic Features of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation
Kannel, W. B., Abbott, R. D., Savage, D. D., & McNamara, P. M. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198204293061703 · Cited by 2,304
Self-citationPetersen, P., GODTFREDSEN, J., Boysen, G., Andersen, E. D., & Andersen, B. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91200-2 · Cited by 1,814
Probability of stroke: a risk profile from the Framingham Study.
Wolf, P. A., D'Agostino, R. B., Belanger, A. J., & Kannel, W. B. (1991) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.22.3.312 · Cited by 1,782
Self-citationEpidemiologic assessment of chronic atrial fibrillation and risk of stroke: The fiamingham Study
Wolf, P. A., Dawber, T. R., Thomas, H. E., & Kannel, W. B. (1978) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.28.10.973 · Cited by 1,526
Self-citationThe Boston Area Anticoagulation Trial for Atrial Fibrillation Investigators* (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011293232201 · Cited by 1,525
Atrial Fibrillation: A Major Contributor to Stroke in the Elderly: The Framingham Study
Wolf, P. A. (1987) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1987.00370090041008 · Cited by 1,108
Self-citationThe Natural History of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Kopecky, S. L., Gersh, B. J., McGoon, M. D., Whisnant, J. P., Holmes, D. R., Ilstrup, D. M., & Frye, R. L. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198709103171104 · Cited by 936
D'Agostino, R. B., Lee, M., Belanger, A. J., Cupples, L. A., Anderson, K., & Kannel, W. B. (1990) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780091214 · Cited by 798
Self-citationCharacteristics and Prognosis of Lone Atrial Fibrillation
Brand, F. N. (1985) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1985.03360240061035 · Cited by 610
The Estimation and Interpretation of Attributable Risk in Health Research
Walter, S. D. (1976) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529268 · Cited by 449
Analysis of Risk Factors for Stroke in a Cohort of Men Born in 1913
Welin, L., Svärdsudd, K., Wilhelmsen, L., Larsson, B., & Tibblin, G. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198708273170901 · Cited by 338
Systemic arterial embolism in rheumatic heart disease
Daley, R., Mattingly, T. W., Holt, C. L., Bland, E. F., & WHITE, P. D. (1951) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/0002-8703(51)90152-4 · Cited by 245
Risk factors for stroke in middle-aged men in Göteborg, Sweden.
Harmsen, P., Rosengren, A., Tsipogianni, A., & Wilhelmsen, L. (1990) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.21.2.223 · Cited by 242
Manifestations of Coronary Disease Predisposing to Stroke: The Framingham Study
Kannel, W. B., Wolf, P. A., & Verter, J. I. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-1824-9_50 · Cited by 198
Self-citationRisk factors for ischemic stroke: A prospective study in Rochester, Minnesota
Davis, P. H., Dambrosia, J. M., Schoenberg, B. S., SCHOENBERG, D. G., Pritchard, D. A., Lilienfeld, A. M., & Whisnant, J. P. (1987) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410220307 · Cited by 156
Pathogenesis of anterior circulation stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Bogousslavsky, J., van Melle, G., Regli, F., & KAPPENBERGER, L. J. (1990) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.40.7.1046 · Cited by 154
Non-rheumatic atrial fibrillation as a risk factor for stroke.
Britton, M., & Gustafsson, C. (1985) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.16.2.182 · Cited by 153
Effect of chronic atrial fibrillation on regional cerebral blood flow.
LAVY, S., Stern, S., Melamed, E., Cooper, G., Keren, A., & Levy, P. (1980) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.11.1.35 · Cited by 148
Atrial Fibrillation — Risk Marker for Stroke
Chesebro, J. H., Fuster, V., & Halperin, J. L. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011293232209 · Cited by 127
Cerebral Blood Flow before and after Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Petersen, P., Kastrup, J., Videbæk, R., & Boysen, G. (1989) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1038/jcbfm.1989.62 · Cited by 116
Patients With Mitral Stenosis and Systemic Emboli
Casella, L. (1964) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1964.03860120085008 · Cited by 87
Relationship of Stroke to Other Cardiovascular Disease
FRIEDMAN, G. D., Loveland, D. B., & EHRLICH, S. P. (1968) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.38.3.533 · Cited by 71
On the Use of Repeated Measurements in Regression Analysis with Dichotomous Responses
Wu, M. C., & Ware, J. H. (1979) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530355 · Cited by 70
The Association of Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease: A Population Study
Dexter, D., Whisnant, J. P., Connolly, D. C., et al. (1987) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62499-9 · Cited by 56
Risk factors for ischemic stroke: A prospective study in Rochester, Minnesota
Elliott, C. (1988) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(88)80520-1 · Cited by 49
Risk factors for stroke in chronic atrial fibrillation
PETERSEN, P., & GODTFREDSEN, J. (1988) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a062499 · Cited by 41
The role of impaired cardiac function in atherothrombotic brain infarction: the Framingham study.
Wolf, P. A., Kannel, W. B., Pm, M., & Gordon, T. (1973) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.63.1.52 · Cited by 25
Self-citationAre risk factors for chd the same at different ages
Kuller, L. H. (1989) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(89)90081-4 · Cited by 21
High risk of systemic embolism in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
KOGURE, S., YAMAMOTO, Y., Tomono, S., HASEGAWA, A., Suzuki, T., & Murata, K. (1986) · Japanese Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.27.475 · Cited by 19
Is Atrial Fibrillation an Independent Risk Factor for Stroke?
Phillips, S. J. (1990) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100030390 · Cited by 16
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
Patel, M. R., Mahaffey, K. W., Garg, J., Pan, G., Singer, D. E., Hacke, W., Breithardt, G., Halperin, J. L., Hankey, G. J., Piccini, J. P., et al. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1009638 · Cited by 9,430
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31823ac046 · Cited by 7,333
Metadata
- Authors
- Wolf, P. A., Abbott, R. D., & Kannel, W. B.
- Affiliations
- Department of Neurology, Evans Memorial Department of Clinical Research, Boston, Mass.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Stroke
- Published
- 1991-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 983-988
- ISSN
- 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4628
- OpenAlex
- W2114775432
- Cited by
- 7,388
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 184 · 2025: 232 · 2024: 306 · 2023: 299 · 2022: 349 · 2021: 419 · 2020: 414 · 2019: 381 · 2018: 413 · 2017: 360 · 2016: 434 · 2015: 396 · 2014: 381 · 2013: 406 · 2012: 368
- FWCI
- 16.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Stroke (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Stroke
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc038038-022)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01-HC-38038)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2-RO1-NS-17950, R01NS017950)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Atrial Fibrillation Management and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Acute Ischemic Stroke Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cardiovascular and Diving-Related Complications
- Keywords
- atrial fibrillation, stroke risk, stroke incidence, hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, cardiovascular risk factors, attributable risk, aging, sex differences, Framingham Heart Study
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Atrial Fibrillation, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cerebrovascular Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Incidence, Prevalence
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
