Glucose and GLP-2 (Glucagon-Like Peptide-2) mobilize intestinal triglyceride by distinct mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Objective: Dietary triglycerides are partially retained in the intestine within intracellular or extracellular compartments, which can be rapidly mobilized in response to several stimuli, including glucose and GLP-2 (glucagon-like peptide-2). To elucidate the mechanism of intestinal lipid mobilization, this study examined the patterns and time course of lymph flow and triglycerides after glucose and GLP-2 treatment in rats. Approach and Results: Lymph flow, triglyceride concentration, and triglyceride output were assessed in mesenteric lymph duct-cannulated rats in response to an intraduodenal (i.d.) lipid bolus followed 5 hours later by either (1) i.d. saline+intraperitoneal (i.p.) saline (placebo), (2) i.d. glucose plus i.p. saline, (3) i.d. saline+i.p. GLP-2, or (4) i.d. glucose+i.p. GLP-2. GLP-2 and glucose administered alone or in combination stimulated total triglyceride output to a similar extent, but the timing and pattern of stimulation differed markedly. Whereas GLP-2 rapidly increased lymph flow with no effect on lymph triglyceride concentration or triglyceride:apoB48 (apolipoprotein B48) ratio (a surrogate marker of chylomicron size) compared with placebo, glucose transiently decreased lymph flow followed by delayed stimulation of lymph flow and increased lymph triglyceride concentration and triglyceride:apoB48 ratio. Conclusions: Glucose and GLP-2 robustly enhanced intestinal triglyceride output in rats but with different effects on lymph flow, lymph triglyceride concentration, and chylomicron size. GLP-2 stimulated triglyceride output primarily by enhancing lymph flow with no effect on chylomicron size, whereas glucose mobilized intestinal triglycerides, stimulating secretion of larger chylomicrons. This suggests that these 2 stimuli mobilize intestinal lipid by different mechanisms.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Changes in intestinal lymphatic flow may be important in determining how rapidly dietary triglyceride is delivered as triglyceride-fatty acid to peripheral tissues.
“Changes in intestinal lymphatic flow may be important in determining how rapidly dietary TG are delivered as TG–FA to peripheral tissues.52”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Techniques for the collection of lymph from the liver, small intestine, or thoracic duct of the rat.
Bollman, J. L., Cain, J. C., & Grindlay, J. H. (1948) · PubMed · Cited by 803 · see citing works
Enteroendocrine localization of GLP-2 receptor expression in humans and rodents
Yusta, B., Huang, L., Munroe, D. G., Wolff, G., Fantaske, R. P., Sharma, S., Demchyshyn, L. L., Asa, S. L., & Drucker, D. J. (2000) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2000.16489 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
GLP-1 slows solid gastric emptying and inhibits insulin, glucagon, and PYY release in humans
Näslund, E. B., Bogefors, J., Skogar, S., Grybäck, P., Jacobsson, H., Holst, J. J., & Hellström, P. M. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.3.r910 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Guan, X., Karpen, H. E., Stephens, J. E., Bukowski, J. T., Niu, S., Zhang, G., Stoll, B., Finegold, M. J., Holst, J. J., Hadsell, D. L., et al. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.11.005 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Increases Intestinal Lipid Absorption and Chylomicron Production via CD36
Hsieh, J., Longuet, C., Maida, A., Bahrami, J., Xu, E., Baker, C. L., Brubaker, P. L., Drucker, D. J., & Adeli, K. (2009) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.051 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
The Biogenesis of Chylomicrons
Mansbach, C. M., & Siddiqi, S. A. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135801 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Guan, X., Stoll, B., Lu, X., Tappenden, K. A., Holst, J. J., Hartmann, B., & Burrin, D. G. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00667-x · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Mobilisation of enterocyte fat stores by oral glucose in humans
Robertson, M. D., Parkes, M., Warren, B. F., Ferguson, D. J. P., Jackson, K. G., Jewell, D. P., & Frayn, K. N. (2003) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gut.52.6.834 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Hypertriglyceridemia in the genomic era: a new paradigm
Lewis, G. F., Xiao, C., & Hegele, R. A. (2015) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2014-1062 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Self-citationPetit, V., Arnould, L., Martin, P. G. P., Monnot, M.-C., Pineau, T., Besnard, P., & Niot, I. (2006) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m600283-jlr200 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Zhu, J., Lee, B., Buhman, K. K., & Cheng, J. (2009) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800555-jlr200 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
D’Aquila, T., Hung, Y.-H., Carreiro, A. L., & Buhman, K. K. (2016) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.04.012 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
GLP-1 and GLP-2 as Yin and Yang of Intestinal Lipoprotein Production
Hein, G. J., Baker, C., Hsieh, J., Farr, S., & Adeli, K. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db12-0202 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Localization and Activation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Receptors on Vagal Afferents in the Rat
Nelson, D. W., Sharp, J. W., Brownfield, M. S., Raybould, H. E., & Ney, D. M. (2007) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2006-1232 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Dynamics of fat absorption and effect of sham feeding on postprandial lipema
Chavez–Jauregui, R. N., Mattes, R. D., & Parks, E. J. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.05.002 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Regulation of Chylomicron Secretion: Focus on Post-Assembly Mechanisms
Xiao, C., Stahel, P., & Lewis, G. F. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.015 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationGlucagon-Like Peptide-2 Regulates Release of Chylomicrons From the Intestine
Dash, S., Xiao, C., Morgantini, C., Connelly, P. W., Patterson, B. W., & Lewis, G. F. (2014) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.08.037 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationWhite, D. A., Bennett, A. J., Billett, M. A., & Salter, A. M. (1998) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114598001263 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Jackson, K. G., Robertson, M. D., Fielding, B. A., Frayn, K. N., & Williams, C. M. (2002) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/76.5.942 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Intestinal gluconeogenesis and glucose transport according to body fuel availability in rats
Habold, C., Foltzer‐Jourdainne, C., Maho, Y. L., Lignot, J.-H., & Oudart, H. (2005) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2005.085217 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The pattern of intestinal substrate oxidation is altered by protein restriction in pigs
Schoor, S. R. D. V. D., van Goudoever, J. B., Stoll, B., Henry, J. F., Rosenberger, J. N., Burrin, D. G., & Reeds, P. J. (2001) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2001.29334 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Hung, Y.-H., Carreiro, A. L., & Buhman, K. K. (2017) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2017.02.014 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Role of lymph flow in intestinal chylomicron transport
Tso, P., Pitts, V. H., & Granger, D. N. (1985) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1985.249.1.g21 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationHsieh, J., Trajcevski, K. E., Farr, S., Baker, C. L., Lake, E. J., Taher, J., Iqbal, J., Hussain, M. M., & Adeli, K. (2015) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2015-1110 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
El‐Jamal, N., Erdual, E., Neunlist, M., Koriche, D., Dubuquoy, C., Maggiotto, F., Chevalier, J., Berrebi, D. D., Dubuquoy, L., Boulanger, É., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00389.2012 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Rapid chylomicron appearance following sequential meals: effects of second meal composition
Evans, K., Kuusela, P. J., Cruz, M. L., Wilhelmova, I., Fielding, B. A., & Frayn, K. N. (1998) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19980072 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
SCOTT, E. M., Greenwood, J. P., Vacca, G., Stoker, J. B., Gilbey, S. G., & Mary, D. (2002) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs1020523 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pedersen, J., Pedersen, N. B., Brix, S. W., Grunddal, K. V., ROSENKILDE, M. M., Hartmann, B., Ørskov, C., Poulsen, S. S., & Holst, J. J. (2015) · Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2015.02.007 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Oral Glucose Mobilizes Triglyceride Stores From the Human Intestine
Xiao, C., Stahel, P., Carreiro, A. L., Hung, Y.-H., Dash, S., Bookman, I. D., Buhman, K. K., & Lewis, G. F. (2018) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.10.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-citationde Wit, N. J. W., Boekschoten, M. V., Bachmair, E., Hooiveld, G. J. E. J., de Groot, P. J., Rubio‐Aliaga, I., Daniel, H., & Müller, M. M. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019145 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
The endogenous preproglucagon system is not essential for gut growth homeostasis in mice
Wismann, P., Barkholt, P., Secher, T., Vrang, N., Hansen, H. B., Jeppesen, P. B., Baggio, L. L., Koehler, J. A., Drucker, D. J., Sandoval, D. A., et al. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.04.007 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Relationship between intestinal motility, tone, water absorption and lymph flow in the rat.
Lee, J. S. (1983) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014991 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Rat intestinal lymph osmolarity during glucose and oleic acid absorption
Bohlen, H. G., & Unthank, J. L. (1989) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1989.257.3.g438 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Minor Contribution of Endogenous GLP-1 and GLP-2 to Postprandial Lipemia in Obese Men
Matikainen, N., Björnson, E., Söderlund, S., Borén, C., Eliasson, B., Pietiläinen, K. H., Bogl, L. H., Hakkarainen, A., Lundbom, N. M. I., Rivellese, A. A., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0145890 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
TAKAHARA, E.-I., MANTANI, Y., Udayanga, K. G. S., Qi, W.-M., Tanida, T., Takeuchi, T., YOKOYAMA, T., Hoshi, N., & Kitagawa, H. (2013) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.13-0310 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Monosodium glutamate inhibits the lymphatic transport of lipids in the rat
Kohan, A. B., Yang, Q., Xu, M., Lee, D., & Tso, P. (2016) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00342.2014 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLuminal and plasma glucose concentrations on intestinal fluid absorption and lymph flow
Lee, J. S. (1987) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.1987.252.4.g568 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sinha, N., Diez, M. S., Hooiveld, G. J. E. J., Keijer, J., dos Santos, V. A. P. M., & van Schothorst, E. M. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.00749 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xiao, C., Stahel, P., Dash, S., Morgantini, C., & Lewis, G. F. (2018) · Atherosclerosis Supplements · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.082 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ginsberg, H. N., Packard, C. J., Chapman, M. J., Borén, J., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Averna, M., Ference, B. A., Gaudet, D., Hegele, R. A., Kersten, S., et al. (2021) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab551 · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Self-citationGLP-1 and GLP-2 Orchestrate Intestine Integrity, Gut Microbiota, and Immune System Crosstalk
Abdalqadir, N., & Adeli, K. (2022) · Microorganisms · doi:10.3390/microorganisms10102061 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Morrow, N. M., Trzaskalski, N. A., Hanson, A. A., Fadzeyeva, E., Telford, D. E., Chhoker, S. S., Sutherland, B. G., Edwards, J. Y., Huff, M. W., & Mulvihill, E. E. (2021) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.121.316896 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Insights into incretin-based therapies for treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia
Stemmer, K., Finan, B., DiMarchi, R. D., Tschöp, M. H., & Müller, T. D. (2020) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2020.05.008 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Role of the Gut in Diabetic Dyslipidemia
Stahel, P., Xiao, C., Nahmias, A., & Lewis, G. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00116 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationEmerging Role of Lymphatics in the Regulation of Intestinal Lipid Mobilization
Xiao, C., Stahel, P., Nahmias, A., & Lewis, G. F. (2020) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01604 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationNahmias, A., Stahel, P., Tian, L., Xiao, C., & Lewis, G. F. (2021) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.121.316311 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationYe, Y., Kuai, Z., Qian, D.-D., He, Y., Shen, J., Wu, K., Ren, W., & Hu, Y. (2024) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2024.105462 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Multi-organ Coordination of Lipoprotein Secretion by Hormones, Nutrients and Neural Networks
Stahel, P., Xiao, C., Nahmias, A., Tian, L., & Lewis, G. F. (2021) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/endrev/bnab008 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationGLP-2 regulation of intestinal lipid handling
Mukherjee, K., & Xiao, C. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1358625 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationMorrow, N. M., Hanson, A. A., & Mulvihill, E. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.703966 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The Roles of Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets in Modulating Intestinal Uptake of Dietary Fat
Zembroski, A. S., Xiao, C., & Buhman, K. K. (2021) · Annual Review of Nutrition · doi:10.1146/annurev-nutr-110320-013657 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationKroscher, K. A., Fausnacht, D. W., McMillan, R. P., El‐Kadi, S. W., Wall, E. H., Bravo, D. M., & Rhoads, R. P. (2022) · Journal of Animal Science · doi:10.1093/jas/skac195 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mukherjee, K., Wang, R., & Xiao, C. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.320032 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationRecent advances in cytoplasmic lipid droplet metabolism in intestinal enterocyte
Ghanem, M., Lewis, G. F., & Xiao, C. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159197 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSyed‐Abdul, M. M., Stahel, P., Tian, L., Xiao, C., Nahmias, A., & Lewis, G. F. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159194 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationSyed‐Abdul, M. M., Stahel, P., Zembroski, A. S., Tian, L., Xiao, C., Nahmias, A., Bookman, I. D., Buhman, K. K., & Lewis, G. F. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac690 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationLymphatics - not just a chylomicron conduit
Syed‐Abdul, M. M., Tian, L., Xiao, C., & Lewis, G. F. (2022) · Current Opinion in Lipidology · doi:10.1097/mol.0000000000000821 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationBaccari, M. C., Vannucchi, M. G., & Idrizaj, E. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16183069 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Morrow, N. M., Locatelli, C. A. A., Trzaskalski, N. A., Klein, C. T., Hanson, A. A., Al-Hadi, H., Tripathi, I., Clément, A. C., Imran, S., Lorenzen‐Schmidt, I., et al. (2022) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids · doi:10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159208 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucagon-like peptide-2 regulation during human liver regeneration
Ammann, M., Santol, J., Pereyra, D., Kalchbrenner, T., Wuerger, T., Laengle, J., Smoot, R. L., Hulla, W., Laengle, F., & Starlinger, P. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43283-8 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Syed‐Abdul, M. M., Tian, L., Samuel, T., Wong, A., Hong, Y., DaCosta, R. S., & Lewis, G. F. (2024) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2024.06.009 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationDedousis, N. L., Teng, L., Kanshana, J. S., & Kohan, A. B. (2022) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100284 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Xu, J. Q., Zhu, L., Xie, Y., Zhang, M., Xiao, Z., Su, R., Wen, T., & Liu, L. (2023) · Current Vascular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1570161121666230328110215 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Unanticipated Enhancement of Intestinal TG Output by Apoc3 ASO Inhibition
Syed‐Abdul, M. M., Tian, L., & Lewis, G. F. (2023) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.123.319765 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationTian, L., Syed‐Abdul, M. M., Stahel, P., & Lewis, G. F. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00095.2022 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationMukherjee, K., Khan, M. A., Howland, J. G., & Xiao, C. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17091416 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationRole of endogenous incretins in the regulation of postprandial lipoprotein metabolism
Taskinen, M., Matikainen, N., Björnson, E., Söderlund, S., Ainola, M., Hakkarainen, A., Lundbom, N., Sihlbom, C., Thorsell, A., Andersson, L., et al. (2022) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-21-1187 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
The Impact of Cannabidiol (CBD) on Lipid Absorption and Lymphatic Transport in Rats
Zhu, Q., Yang, Q., Shen, L., Xu, M., & Liu, M. (2025) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu17061034 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Activation of VEGFR3 and MLC2 are Critical for GLP-2 Enhancement of Chylomicron Transport
Tian, L., Syed‐Abdul, M. M., & Lewis, G. F. (2024) · Gastro Hep Advances · doi:10.1016/j.gastha.2024.100605 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of Sequential Lipid Meals on Lymphatic Lipid Absorption and Transport in Rats
Zhu, Q., Yang, Q., Shen, L., Qu, J., Xu, M., Wang, D. Q. ‐., Tso, P., & Liu, M. (2022) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes13020277 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, R., Khan, M. A., Mukherjee, K., Ghanem, M., & Xiao, C. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1549392 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationSerotonin, a downstream effector of GLP-2, enhances lacteal contractility and lymph flow
Tian, L., Syed‐Abdul, M. M., & Lewis, G. F. (2025) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00205.2025 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationImpacts of ketogenic diet intervention on cardiometabolic outcomes in obese, dysglycemic mice
Locatelli, C. A. A., Nguyen, M.-A., Morrow, N. M., Cameron, E., Trzaskalski, N. A., Lorenzen‐Schmidt, I., Morissette, A., & Mulvihill, E. E. (2026) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-03046-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles Into the Mesenteric Lymph During Fasting and Lipid Absorption
Hang, T., Wang, R., Mukherjee, K., Sandhu, U., Xiao, F., Burger, D. E., & Xiao, C. (2026) · Journal of Extracellular Biology · doi:10.1002/jex2.70170 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationMukherjee, K., Wang, R., Tabatabaeian, F., & Xiao, C. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27125457
Self-citation
- Authors
- Stahel, P., Xiao, C., Davis, X., Tso, P., & Lewis, G. F.
- Affiliations
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lewis, Gary F.
- Venue
- Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
- Published
- 2019-08
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1565-1573
- ISSN
- 1079-5642 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4636
- PMC
- PMC6657524
- OpenAlex
- W2960838833
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3
- FWCI
- 3.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (U2CDK059630, R01DK119135, U24DK059630)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biochemistry › Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- glucagon-like peptide-2, glucose, lymph flow, apolipoprotein B-48, dietary triglycerides
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chylomicrons, Glucose, Intestinal Mucosa, Lymph, Male, Triglycerides, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Apolipoprotein B-48, Glucagon-Like Peptide 2
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
