The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Use of Risk Assessment Tools to Guide Decision-Making in the Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Special Report From the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology
Open accessAbstract
Risk assessment is a critical step in the current approach to primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Knowledge of the 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease identifies patients in higher-risk groups who are likely to have greater net benefit and lower number needed to treat for both statins and antihypertensive therapy. Current US prevention guidelines for blood pressure and cholesterol management recommend use of the pooled cohort equations to start a process of shared decision-making between clinicians and patients in primary prevention. The pooled cohort equations have been widely validated and are broadly useful for the general US clinical population. But, they may systematically underestimate risk in patients from certain racial/ethnic groups, those with lower socioeconomic status or with chronic inflammatory diseases, and overestimate risk in patients with higher socioeconomic status or who have been closely engaged with preventive healthcare services. If uncertainty remains for patients at borderline or intermediate risk, or if the patient is undecided after a patient–clinician discussion with consideration of risk enhancing factors (eg, family history), additional testing with measurement of coronary artery calcium can be useful to reclassify risk estimates and improve selection of patients for use or avoidance of statin therapy. This special report summarizes the rationale and evidence base for quantitative risk assessment, reviews strengths and limitations of existing risk scores, discusses approaches for refining individual risk estimates for patients, and provides practical advice regarding implementation of risk assessment and decision-making strategies in clinical practice.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Technology-based solutions have the potential to meet these criteria.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, recent evidence suggests that counseling related to risk reduction for CKM syndrome in high-risk women should start in the prenatal period and continue until the completion of postpartum follow-up visits for the mother and baby.16–18”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“This may be especially true in younger adults with CKM syndrome with accelerated CAC development due to multiple interrelated risk factors with high long-term CVD risk, indicating the need to start risk factor management early in the course of CKM syndrome.12–16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The increased prevalence of albuminuria among those with these metabolic risk factors or lower eGFR warrants regular dual testing with eGFR and UACR for case finding.16,55”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Through these mechanisms, adverse SDOH lead to CKM risk factor development.16–20”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The landscape of obesity management has advanced considerably in recent years, with several effective strategies for supporting weight loss.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“MBS has, to date, been shown to be superior overall in promoting long-term weight loss and reducing cardiovascular risks, morbidity, and mortality, though this may change as evidence for the benefits of GLP-1 accumulates.14–16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Bupropion/naltrexone, phentermine/topiramate, and orlistat have all shown efficacy in improving glycemia, and the latter 2, in reducing BP.”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, while both classes of agents reduce MACE and CVD mortality in T2D,39,40 the mechanisms and cardiovascular benefits associated with these agents are somewhat distinct.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Meta-analyses of clinical trials of GLP-1 RA among the subgroup of patients with T2D and CKD have shown lower risks of declining kidney function, kidney failure, MACE, HF hospitalization, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality compared with placebo, regardless of SGLT2 inhibitor use.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The Look AHEAD trial of an intensive lifestyle intervention in patients with overweight/obesity and T2D, with and without CVD, did not demonstrate an impact of the intensive lifestyle intervention on cardiovascular events, possibly due to modest weight loss from the intervention and high statin use among controls.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Both agents reduce MACE and CVD mortality, with SGLT2i having a principal impact on HF events and GLP-1–based therapy on atherosclerotic events.3,16,17”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“However, sodium zirconium cyclosilicate may increase risk of HF events.16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“MASLD is the pathophysiologic result of ectopic fat deposition, inflammation, and insulin resistance, which are central to CKM syndrome.16,17”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“a lower eGFR, higher UACR, and higher CKD stages are associated with VTE development and worse outcomes.16–20”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Sleep disorders (eg, obstructive sleep apnea)16”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
Grundy, S. M., Becker, D. M., Clark, L. T., Cooper, R., Denke, M. A., Howard, J. L., Hunninghake, D. B., Illingworth, D. R., Luepker, R. V., McBride, P. E., et al. (2002) · Civil War Book Review · Cited by 12,198
European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012)
Authors/Task Force Members:, Perk, J., De Backer, G., Gohlke, H., Graham, I., Reiner, Ž., Verschuren, M., Albus, C., Benlian, P., Boysen, G., et al. (2012) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehs092 · Cited by 8,490
General Cardiovascular Risk Profile for Use in Primary Care: The Framingham Heart Study
D’Agostino, R. B., Vasan, R. S., Pencina, M. J., Wolf, P. A., Cobain, M., Massaro, J. M., & Kannel, W. B. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.107.699579 · Cited by 7,491
Stone, N. J., Robinson, J. G., Lichtenstein, A. H., Bairey Merz, C. N., Blum, C. B., Eckel, R. H., Goldberg, A. C., Gordon, D., Levy, D., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., et al. (2014) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a · Cited by 7,081
Self-citationWhelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.006 · Cited by 6,616
Self-citation2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice
Piepoli, M. F., Hoes, A. W., Agewall, S., Albus, C., Brotons, C., Catapano, A. L., Cooney, M.-T., Corrà, U., Cosyns, B., Deaton, C., et al. (2016) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106 · Cited by 6,457
Grundy, S. M., Stone, N. J., Bailey, A. L., Beam, C., Birtcher, K. K., Blumenthal, R. S., Braun, L. T., de Ferranti, S., Faiella-Tommasino, J., Forman, D. E., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000625 · Cited by 6,185
Self-citation2013 ACC/AHA Guideline on the Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk
Goff, D. C., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Bennett, G., Coady, S., D’Agostino, R. B., Gibbons, R., Greenland, P., Lackland, D. T., Levy, D., O’Donnell, C. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.11.005 · Cited by 4,945
Self-citationWhelton, P. K., Carey, R. M., Aronow, W. S., Casey, D. E., Collins, K. J., Dennison Himmelfarb, C., DePalma, S. M., Gidding, S., Jamerson, K. A., Jones, D. W., et al. (2018) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000066 · Cited by 4,347
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Fuster, V, Pearson, TA. 27th Bethesda Conference: matching the intensity of risk factor management with the hazard for coronary disease events. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;27:957–1047.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 554
Cardiometabolic risk estimation using exposome data and machine learning
Atehortúa, A., Gkontra, P., Camacho, M., Díaz, O., Bulgheroni, M., Simonetti, V., Chadeau‐Hyam, M., Felix, J. F., Sebert, S. P., & Lekadir, K. (2023) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105209 · Cited by 32
PDAY risk score predicts cardiovascular events in young adults: the CARDIA study
Gidding, S. S., Colangelo, L. A., Nwabuo, C. C., Lewis, C. E., Jacobs, D. R., Schreiner, P. J., Lima, J. A. C., & Allen, N. B. (2022) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehac009 · Cited by 31
Evaluation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Models in China
Liu, X., Shen, P., Zhang, D., Sun, Y., Chen, Y., Liang, J., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Lu, P., Lin, H., et al. (2022) · JACC Asia · doi:10.1016/j.jacasi.2021.10.007 · Cited by 29
Tailoring Risk Prediction Models to Local Populations
Zinzuwadia, A. N., Mineeva, O., Li, C., Farukhi, Z. M., Giulianini, F., Cade, B. E., Chen, L., Karlson, E. W., Paynter, N. P., Mora, S., et al. (2024) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2024.2912 · Cited by 31
Widén, E., Raben, T. G., Lello, L., & Hsu, S. (2021) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes12070991 · Cited by 33
Jamialahmadi, T., Alidadi, M., Atkin, S. L., Kroh, M., Almahmeed, W. A., Moallem, S. A., Al‐Rasadi, K., Rodriguez, J. H., Santos, R. D., Ruscica, M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11144054 · Cited by 28
Ras, J., Soteriades, E. S., Smith, D. L., Kengne, A. P., & Leach, L. L. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-17487-6 · Cited by 39
The Epileptic Heart Syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical detection
Verrier, R. L., & Schachter, S. C. (2024) · Epilepsy & Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ebr.2024.100696 · Cited by 28
“…importance of hypertension, stroke, and diabetes mellitus in the morbidity and mortality of epilepsy patients has recently been emphasized with recommendation of cardiovascular risk estimation by American College of Cardiology ’ s atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) estimator [88 – 90].”
BackgroundD-Dimer Enhances Risk-Targeted Thromboprophylaxis in Ambulatory Patients with Cancer
Kumar, V., Shaw, J. R., Key, N. S., Ilich, A., Mallick, R., Wells, P. S., & Carrier, M. (2020) · The Oncologist · doi:10.1002/onco.13540 · Cited by 28
Ras, J., Smith, D. L., Kengne, A. P., Soteriades, E. S., & Leach, L. L. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1241250 · Cited by 28
The Role of Statins in Current Guidelines
Rached, F. H., & Santos, R. D. (2020) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-020-00861-9 · Cited by 30
Risk Stratification for Sarcopenic Obesity in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Chun, H. S., Lee, M., Lee, H. A., Lee, S., Kim, S.-Y., Jung, Y. J., Lee, C., Kim, H., Lee, H. A., Kim, H. Y., et al. (2022) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2022.11.031 · Cited by 29
Choi, S.-C., Kwon, J., Kwon, P., Lee, C., & Jang, S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17062134 · Cited by 27
Lönnberg, L., Ekblom‐Bak, E., & Damberg, M. (2020) · Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.1080/03009734.2020.1726533 · Cited by 26
Liang, F., Yang, X., Peng, W. H., Zhen, S., Cao, W., Li, Q., Xiao, Z., Gong, M., Wang, Y., & Gu, D. (2023) · The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific · doi:10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100817 · Cited by 31
“43 WHO has endorsed and facilitated screening for high CVD risk in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) by providing risk prediction charts, including those designed for WPR, but they were developed from data collected two decades ago.”
BackgroundWharton, S., Rosenstock, J., Konige, M., Lin, Y., Duffin, K., Wilson, J., Banerjee, H., Pirro, V., Kazda, C., & Mather, K. (2025) · Cardiovascular Diabetology · doi:10.1186/s12933-025-02781-x · Cited by 26
Mehta, R. C., Ning, H., Bansal, N., Cohen, J. B., Srivastava, A., Dobre, M. A., Michos, E. D., Rahman, M., Townsend, R. R., Seliger, S. L., et al. (2021) · Journal of Cardiac Failure · doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.10.007 · Cited by 25
Self-citationElsabaawy, M., Naguib, M., Abuamer, A., & Shaban, A. (2025) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-024-01553-3 · Cited by 24
Naazie, I. N., Gupta, J. D., Azizzadeh, A., Arbabi, C. N., Zarkowsky, D. S., & Malas, M. B. (2021) · Journal of Vascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2021.08.056 · Cited by 24
Management of cardiovascular disease using an mHealth tool: a randomized clinical trial
Kang, S., Baek, H., Cho, J.-H., Kim, S., Hwang, H. Y., Lee, W., Park, J. J., Yoon, Y. E., Yoon, C., Cho, Y., et al. (2021) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-021-00535-z · Cited by 25
Kang, J., Bruno, F., Rhee, T., Luca, L. D., Han, J., FILIPPO, O. D., Yang, H., Mattesini, A., Park, K. W., Truffa, A., et al. (2022) · JACC Asia · doi:10.1016/j.jacasi.2022.05.003 · Cited by 24
Ikezaki, H., Fisher, V. A., Lim, E., Ai, M., Liu, C., Cupples, L. A., Nakajima, K., Asztalos, B. F., Furusyo, N., & Schaefer, E. J. (2019) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2019.304600 · Cited by 23
Yu, C., Ng, A. C. C., Ridley, L. J., Anjaria, M., Meier, S., Yiannikas, J., Kritharides, L., & Naoum, C. (2021) · Open Heart · doi:10.1136/openhrt-2021-001695 · Cited by 24
WHO Non-Lab-Based CVD Risk Assessment: A Reliable Measure in a North Indian Population
Das, P. A. S., Dubey, M., Kaur, R., Salve, H. R., Varghese, C. V., & Nongkynrih, B. (2022) · Global Heart · doi:10.5334/gh.1148 · Cited by 23
Lipoprotein(a): An important piece of the ASCVD risk factor puzzle across diverse populations
Ciffone, N. A., McNeal, C. J., McGowan, M. P., & Ferdinand, K. C. (2023) · American Heart Journal Plus Cardiology Research and Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100350 · Cited by 25
Liu, K., Wilkins, J. T., Colangelo, L. A., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.120.019695 · Cited by 23
Self-citationComparing Primary Prevention Recommendations
Stone, N. J., Blumenthal, R. S., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., & Grundy, S. M. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.119.044562 · Cited by 23
Self-citationGreen, A. R., Wolff, J. L., Echavarria, D. M., Chapman, M., Phung, A., Smith, D., & Boyd, C. M. (2019) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-019-05424-6 · Cited by 22
Cardiovascular considerations for scuba divers
Tso, J., Powers, J. M., & Kim, J. H. (2021) · Heart · doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319601 · Cited by 22
Li, Y., Xu, Y., Roy, C. I. L., Hu, J., Steves, C. J., Bell, J. T., Spector, T. D., Gibson, R., Menni, C., & Rodriguez‐Mateos, A. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15081900 · Cited by 22
Yu, J., Yang, X., Deng, Y., Krefman, A. E., Pool, L. R., Zhao, L., Mi, X., Ning, H., Wilkins, J. T., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., et al. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-51685-5 · Cited by 22
Self-citationSweeney, T. E., Quispe, R., Das, T. M., Juraschek, S. P., Martin, S. S., & Michos, E. D. (2021) · Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development · doi:10.1080/23808993.2021.1930531 · Cited by 24
Lifestyle Interventions Reduce the Need for Guideline-Directed Antihypertensive Medication
Hinderliter, A. L., Smith, P. J., Sherwood, A., & Blumenthal, J. A. (2021) · American Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1093/ajh/hpab090 · Cited by 24
Lu, Y., Elwyn, G. J., Moulton, B. W., Volk, R. J., Frosch, D. L., & Spatz, E. S. (2022) · Zeitschrift für Evidenz Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1016/j.zefq.2022.04.031 · Cited by 21
Ellis, C. N., Neville, S. J., Sayyouh, M., Elder, J. T., Nair, R. P., Gudjonsson, J. E., Ma, T., Kazerooni, E. A., Rubenfire, M., & Agarwal, P. (2021) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.09.069 · Cited by 21
Alaseem, A. M., Alasiri, G. A., Ali, A. B. H., Hamdy, A. K., & El‐Wekil, M. M. (2025) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2025.126620 · Cited by 20
Rifai, M. A., Kanaya, A. M., Kandula, N. R., Patel, J., Al-Mallah, M. H., Budoff, M. J., Cainzos‐Achirica, M., Criqui, M. H., & Virani, S. S. (2022) · Current Problems in Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101105 · Cited by 20
Self-citationAssessment of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Primary Prevention
Rikhi, R. R., & Shapiro, M. D. (2022) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000746 · Cited by 22
Li, Y., Li, S., Huang, Z., Zhang, D., & Jia, Q. (2024) · Analytica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.aca.2024.342878 · Cited by 20
Ambrosio, M., Alebna, P. L., Lee, T., Friedman, A., Chew, N., Burns, C., Duncan, P., Hundley, W. G., Kang, L., & Mehta, A. (2025) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2025.101009 · Cited by 19
Rifai, M. A., Yao, J., Guo, X., Post, W. S., Malik, S., Blumenthal, R. S., Ballantyne, C. M., Budoff, M. J., Taylor, K. D., Lin, H. J., et al. (2022) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2022.08.003 · Cited by 19
Self-citationThompson‐Paul, A. M., Gillespie, C., Wall, H. K., Loustalot, F. V., Sperling, L. S., & Hong, Y. (2022) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2022.12.005 · Cited by 19
Self-citationFarsi, D. N., Lara, J., Finnigan, T. J. A., Cheung, W., Muñoz-Muñoz, J., & Commane, D. M. (2023) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-023-03238-1 · Cited by 22
Polygenic risk and incident coronary heart disease in a large multiethnic cohort
Iribarren, C., Lü, M., Elosúa, R., Gulati, M., Wong, N. D., Blumenthal, R. S., Nissen, S. E., & Rana, J. S. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100661 · Cited by 19
“The existing paradigm of clinical care to guide lipid-lowering treatment decisions recommends using the pooled cohort equations (PCEs) to estimate 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk and is mostly limited to adults 40 to 75 years of age [3].”
MethodSelf-citationAnand, S. S., Tu, J. V., Desai, D., Awadalla, P., Robson, P. J., Jacquemont, S., Dummer, T., Le, N., Parker, L., Poirier, P., et al. (2019) · European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Imaging · doi:10.1093/ehjci/jez226 · Cited by 19
“Recent guidelines highlight additional risk stratification markers beyond risk scores may be needed in cases of clinical uncertainty or patient indecision regarding treatment, and endorse additional measures of subclinical atherosclerosis over the use of serum biomarkers.(36) While it is impractical to consider MRI fo…”
BackgroundCauwenberghs, N., Hedman, K., Kobayashi, Y., Vanassche, T., Haddad, F., & Kuznetsova, T. (2019) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.061 · Cited by 19
“Recent CV prevention guidelines now recommend the use of the Pooled Cohort Equations to assess 10-year ASCVD risk and to start a clinician-patient discussion to decide on the type and intensity of CV preventive measures such as initiation of statin therapy [9,11–14].”
BackgroundPeterson, G., Pu, J., Magid, D. J., Barterian, L., Kranker, K., Barna, M. J., Conwell, L. J., Rose, A. J., Blue, L., Markovitz, A. R., et al. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.1565 · Cited by 19
Nkambule, B. B., Mxinwa, V., Nyambuya, T. M., & Dludla, P. V. (2022) · BMC Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s40795-022-00541-8 · Cited by 18
Public Health Relevance of US EPA Air Quality Index Activity Recommendations
Brook, R. D., Rajagopalan, S., & Al-Kindi, S. G. (2024) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.5292 · Cited by 21
Cardiovascular Risk Factor Management After Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
Lewey, J., Sheehan, M., Bello, N., & Levine, L. D. (2024) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000005672 · Cited by 15
Bittner, V., Linnebur, S. A., Dixon, D. L., Forman, D. E., Green, A. R., Jacobson, T. A., Orkaby, A. R., Saseen, J. J., & Virani, S. S. (2025) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2024.09.005 · Cited by 20
Self-citationCardiometabolic risk: New chronic care models
Nieto-Martínez, R. E., Gonzalez-Rivas, J. P., & Mechanick, J. I. (2021) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2264 · Cited by 21
Sperger, J., Shah, K. S., Lu, M., Zhang, X., Ungaro, R. C., Brenner, E. J., Agrawal, M., Colombel, J., Kappelman, M. D., & Kosorok, M. R. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049740 · Cited by 18
Statin therapy in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention
Paparodis, R. D., Bantouna, D., Livadas, S., & Angelopoulos, N. (2024) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-024-01265-9 · Cited by 17
Rao, S., Li, Y., Mamouei, M., Salimi‐Khorshidi, G., Wamil, M., Nazarzadeh, M., Yau, C., Collins, P. G. S., Jackson, R., Vickers, A. J., et al. (2025) · The Lancet Digital Health · doi:10.1016/j.landig.2025.03.005 · Cited by 20
Pereira, B. I., Mazzitelli, M., Milinkovic, A., Moyle, G. J., Ranasinghe, S., Mandalia, S., Pozniak, A., Asboe, D., Nelson, M. R., Al-Hussaini, A., et al. (2020) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0000000000002400 · Cited by 18
Sex and APOE ɛ4 modify the effect of cardiovascular risk on tau in cognitively normal older adults
Tsiknia, A. A., Reas, E. T., Bangen, K. J., Sundermann, E. E., McEvoy, L. K., Brewer, J. B., Edland, S. D., Banks, S. J., & Initiative, A. D. N. (2022) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcac035 · Cited by 17
Balasubramani, M., Sung, C., Hsieh, M., Huang, E. P., Shieh, J.-S., & Abbod, M. (2024) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics13132587 · Cited by 17
Martins, A. M. A., Paiva, M. U. B., Paiva, D. V. N., de Oliveira, R. M., Machado, H. L., Alves, L. J. S. R., Picossi, C. R. C., Faccio, A. T., Tavares, M. F. M., Barbas, C., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2021.788062 · Cited by 18
Health State EstimationPreprint
Nag, N. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2003.09312 · Cited by 19
Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in the Older Athlete
Moorman, A. J., Dean, L. S., Yang, E., & Drezner, J. A. (2021) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381211004877 · Cited by 18
How non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis affect the heart
Møller, S., Wiese, S. S., Barløse, M., & Hove, J. D. (2023) · Hepatology International · doi:10.1007/s12072-023-10590-1 · Cited by 16
Shen, L., Tian, Q., Ran, Q., Gan, Q., Hu, Y., Du, D., Qin, Z., Duan, X., Zhu, X., & Huang, W. (2024) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom14121623 · Cited by 18
Solomon, D. H., Demler, O., Rist, P. M., Santacroce, L. M., Tawakol, A. A., Giles, J. T., Liao, K. P., & Bathon, J. M. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.123.032095 · Cited by 15
Kumar, S. S., Al-Kindi, S. G., Tashtish, N., Rajagopalan, V., Fu, P., Rajagopalan, S., & Madabhushi, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2022.976769 · Cited by 16
Ibrahim, R., Salih, M., Tirambulo, C. V. G., Takamatsu, C., Lee, J. Z., Fortuin, D. F., & Lee, K. S. S. (2023) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100577 · Cited by 16
Chushig-Muzo, D., Calero-Díaz, H., Lara-Abelenda, F. J., Gómez-Martínez, V., Granja, C., & Soguero-Ruíz, C. (2024) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412789 · Cited by 16
Lipid management beyond the guidelines
Robinson, J. G. (2019) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2019.10.004 · Cited by 15
Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Guidelines for Cholesterol Lowering in Recent History
Levinson, S. S. (2019) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/labmed/lmz032 · Cited by 15
Hollerbach, B. S., Mathias, K. C., Stewart, D., Jack, K., & Smith, D. L. (2020) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002057 · Cited by 16
Sutton, N. R., Banerjee, S., Cooper, M. M., Arbab‐Zadeh, A., Kim, J., Arain, M. A., Rao, S. V., & Blumenthal, R. S. (2021) · Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions · doi:10.1161/circinterventions.120.009950 · Cited by 15
Self-citationImpact of Peripheral Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction on White Matter Hyperintensity
Toya, T., Sara, J. D. S., Scharf, E. L., Ahmad, A., Nardi, V., Ӧzcan, I., Lerman, L. O., & Lerman, A. (2021) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.121.021066 · Cited by 15
The Importance of Primary Care in Cardio-Oncology
Cehic, D., Sverdlov, A. L., Koczwara, B., Emery, J. D., Ngo, D. T. M., & Thornton‐Benko, E. (2021) · Current Treatment Options in Oncology · doi:10.1007/s11864-021-00908-2 · Cited by 16
Lee, S. J., Kim, H., Oh, B. K., Choi, H., Lee, J., Lee, S. H., Kim, B. J., Kim, B. S., Kang, J. H., Kang, J., et al. (2021) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.12.003 · Cited by 15
Block, R., Bang, M., Peterson, A. L. H., Wong, N. D., & Karalis, D. G. (2021) · Journal of clinical lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2021.09.045 · Cited by 15
Coronary Artery Calcium: Where Do We Stand After Over 3 Decades?
Grundy, S. M., & Stone, N. J. (2021) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.03.043 · Cited by 14
Siafi, E. P., Andrikou, I., Thomopoulos, C., Konstantinidis, D., Kakouri, N., Tatakis, F., Kariori, M. G., Filippou, C. D., Zamanis, I., Manta, E., et al. (2022) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/s41440-022-01015-x · Cited by 14
Kondo, T., Teramoto, A., Watanabe, E., Sobue, Y., Izawa, H., Saito, K., & Fujita, H. (2023) · IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine · doi:10.1109/jtehm.2023.3250352 · Cited by 13
Metformin reduces the risk of developing influenza A virus related cardiovascular disease
Lee, H. S., Noh, J. Y., Song, J. Y., Cheong, H. J., & Kim, W. J. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20284 · Cited by 14
Goldberg, J. F., Hyun, G., Ness, K. K., Dixon, S. B., Towbin, J. A., Rhea, I. B., Ehrhardt, M. J., Srivastava, D. K., Mulrooney, D. A., Hudson, M. M., et al. (2023) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djad222 · Cited by 14
Mobile health apps for cardiovascular risk assessment: a systematic review
Chavez-Ecos, F. A., Chavez-Ecos, R., Vergara‐Sanchez, C., Chavez-Gutarra, M. A., Agarwala, A., & Camacho-Caballero, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2024.1420274 · Cited by 14
Yacamán-Méndez, D., Zhou, M., Brynedal, B., Guðjónsdóttir, H., Tynelius, P., Lagerros, Y. T., & Lager, A. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf013 · Cited by 16
Bittner, V., Linnebur, S. A., Dixon, D. L., Forman, D. E., Green, A. R., Jacobson, T. A., Orkaby, A. R., Saseen, J. J., & Virani, S. S. (2025) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.19398 · Cited by 15
Self-citationOrringer, C. E., & Maki, K. C. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.01.016 · Cited by 14
Hwang, I., Kim, C. H., Kim, J. Y., Choi, H., Yoon, Y. E., & Cho, G. (2023) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20678 · Cited by 15
Berger, J. S., Lyu, C., Iturrate, E., Westerhoff, M., Gyftopoulos, S., Dane, B. R., Zhong, J., Recht, M., & Bredella, M. A. (2025) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2025.04.019 · Cited by 13
Khan, S. S., Abdalla, M., Bello, N. A., Blyler, C. A., Carter, J., Commodore-Mensah, Y. Y., Ferdinand, K. C., Johnson, H. M., Jones, D. W., Khera, A., et al. (2025) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000248 · Cited by 16
Self-citationLiu, X., Li, Q., Chen, W., Shen, P., Sun, Y., Chen, Q., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Lu, P., Lin, H., et al. (2021) · Fundamental Research · doi:10.1016/j.fmre.2021.08.008 · Cited by 13
Heianza, Y., Xue, Q., Rood, J. C., Clish, C. B., Bray, G. A., Sacks, F. M., & Qi, L. (2024) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.019 · Cited by 14
Usefulness of Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
Thobani, A., Dhindsa, D. S., DeMoss, B., Raad, M., Sandesara, P. B., Sperling, L. S., & Baer, J. (2019) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2019.08.040 · Cited by 13
Self-citationFranklin, B. A., Brubaker, P. H., Harber, M. P., Lavie, C. J., MYERS, J. N., & Kaminsky, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000523 · Cited by 14
Jennings, G., Audehm, R. G., Bishop, W., Chow, C. K., Liaw, S., Liew, D., & Linton, S. M. (2021) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/mja2.51039 · Cited by 13
Pandey, A., Mehta, A., Paluch, A. E., Ning, H., Carnethon, M. R., Allen, N. B., Michos, E. D., Berry, J. D., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., & Wilkins, J. T. (2021) · JAMA Cardiology · doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2021.0948 · Cited by 14
Self-citationCharacteristics of Transgender Women Referred to Women's Heart Clinic
Mahowald, M. K., Maheshwari, A., Lara-Breitinger, K. M., Adel, F., Pellikka, P. A., Davidge-Pitts, C. J., Nippoldt, T. B., Kantor, B., & Mankad, R. (2021) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2021.100223 · Cited by 13
Kapoor, K., Cainzos‐Achirica, M., & Nasir, K. (2020) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000771 · Cited by 13
Lee, H., Huang, X., Khan, S. S., Son, D., Lee, H.-H., Kim, E., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Kim, H. C., & Greenland, P. (2025) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2025.07.014 · Cited by 15
Self-citationCardiovascular disease risk assessment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A scoping review
Murphy, L., Saab, M. M., Cornally, N., McHugh, S., & Cotter, P. (2024) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-024-06996-3 · Cited by 12
Wang, Z., Barinas‐Mitchell, E., Brooks, M. M., Crawford, S. L., Leis, A. M., Derby, C. A., Thurston, R. C., Hedderson, M. M., Janssen, İ., Jackson, E. A., et al. (2024) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100687 · Cited by 12
“Despite the ongoing debates of the clinical utility of HDL-C, current risk prediction equations [4-6] and clinical diagnosis of conditions, such as the metabolic syndrome (MetS), include level of HDL-C as a critical component.”
BackgroundAcampa, W., Assante, R., Zampella, E., Petretta, M., & Cuocolo, A. (2019) · Journal of Nuclear Cardiology · doi:10.1007/s12350-019-01846-1 · Cited by 12
Coronary artery calcium scoring in patients with hypertension
Weinberg, R. L., Rubenfire, M., & Brook, R. D. (2020) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/s41371-020-0350-4 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Braun, L. T., Ndumele, C. E., Smith, S. C., Sperling, L. S., Virani, S. S., & Blumenthal, R. S.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2019-06-18
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- e1162-e1177
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2900130109
- Semantic Scholar
- ded6a6f83fd3adbb4f38206ff400f0aaca65b22a
- Cited by
- 554
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2026: 49 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 76 · 2023: 87 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 31
- FWCI
- 13.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2019-06-17)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- Keywords
- atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, primary prevention, cardiovascular risk assessment, Pooled Cohort Equations, 10-year risk, shared decision-making, statin therapy, antihypertensive therapy, coronary artery calcium, risk reclassification, risk score, racial and ethnic disparities, socioeconomic status, chronic inflammation, family history (medicine), blood pressure control, cholesterol management
- MeSH terms
- Clinical Decision-Making, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Antihypertensive Agents, Decision Support Techniques, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Primary Prevention, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Treatment Outcome, Risk Assessment, Patient Selection, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors, Evidence-Based Medicine, Consensus, Atherosclerosis, Protective Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
