Sudden cardiac arrest survivorship: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association
Abstract
Cardiac arrest systems of care are successfully coordinating community, emergency medical services, and hospital efforts to improve the process of care for patients who have had a cardiac arrest. As a result, the number of people surviving sudden cardiac arrest is increasing. However, physical, cognitive, and emotional effects of surviving cardiac arrest may linger for months or years. Systematic recommendations stop short of addressing partnerships needed to care for patients and caregivers after medical stabilization. This document expands the cardiac arrest resuscitation system of care to include patients, caregivers, and rehabilitative healthcare partnerships, which are central to cardiac arrest survivorship.
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Variability in outcome following cardiac arrest has been described in both IHCA and OHCA.
“Variability in outcome following cardiac arrest has been described in both IHCA and OHCA. 217,285,286,291,292”
From European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Ethics of resuscitation and end of life decisions (2021) · cites this paper as [292]
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One-year outcomes in individual domains of the cerebral performance category extended.
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Self-citationÅrestedt, K., Israelsson, J., Djukanovic, I., Herlitz, J., Carlsson, J., Petersson, S., & Bremer, A. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10184285 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“The HADS is not validated in CA survivors but is recommended by the American Heart Association [19] and the European Resuscitation Council [3] to screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression among these patients.”
BackgroundGoodloe, J., Topjian, A., Hsu, A., Dunne, R., Panchal, A., Levy, M., Mcevoy, M., Vaillancourt, C., Cabañas, J., Eisenberg, M., et al. (2021) · Circulation. Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes · doi:10.1161/circoutcomes.120.007666 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Self-citationAhn, C., Lee, S., Lee, J., Oh, J., Song, Y., Kim, I., & Kang, H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18105408 · Cited by 8
“In addition, the loss of physical function and an increase in medical costs because of cardiac arrest are recognized as important public health problems worldwide [4,5].”
BackgroundChristensen, J., Eskildsen, S. J., Winkel, B., Dichman, C., & Wagner, M. (2021) · European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1093/eurjcn/zvab020 · Cited by 8
Presciutti, A., Shaffer, J., Newman, M. M., & Perman, S. (2020) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100008 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Rojas, D., Sayde, G. E., Vega, J. S., Tincher, I., Yuan, M., Flanary, K., Birk, J. L., & Agarwal, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13175266 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Israelsson, J., Koistinen, L., Årestedt, K., Rooth, M., & Bremer, A. (2023) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109822 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Cardiac Arrest and Neurologic Recovery: Insights from the Case of Mr. Damar Hamlin
Geocadin, R., Agarwal, S., Goss, A. L., Callaway, C., & Richie, M. (2023) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.26619 · Cited by 7
“Cardiac arrest survivors have long-term needs that are only now being systematically studied.(30) Research suggests that potentially modifiable factors that contribute to the quality of recovery include post-OHCA psychological distress, the intensity of rehabilitation services after hospital discharge, as well as the…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChiu, W.-T., Chan, L., Masud, J., Hong, C.-T., Chien, Y.-S., Hsu, C.-H., Wu, C.-H., Wang, C.-H., Tan, S., & Chung, C.-C. (2023) · Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · doi:10.31083/j.rcm2402055 · Cited by 7
“Although cardiac arrest patients require considerable cost and resource consumption, this allocation of resources is critical and reasonable when considering the trade-off be-tween inputs and outputs, costs and outcomes in terms of the patient’s long-term survival and quality of life [39,58,59].”
BackgroundExperiences of cardiac arrest survivors among young exercisers in Norway: A qualitative study
Hardeland, C., Leonardsen, A., Isern, C., & Berge, H. (2022) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2022.100293 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Moving Beyond One-Size-Fits-All Treatment for Patients After Cardiac Arrest.
Geocadin, R. (2020) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8809 · Cited by 7
Self-citationMion, M., Lilja, G., Bohm, M., Nordstrom, E., Töniste, D., Heimburg, K., Swindell, P., Dankiewicz, J., Skrifvars, M., Nielsen, N., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14134429 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Similarly, a statement from the American Heart Association (AHA) also identifies a knowledge gap in cardiac arrest research concerning the role for support networks/groups after cardiac arrest [26].”
Sex-specific health-related quality of life in survivors of cardiac arrest
Ghassemi, K., Reinier, K., Chugh, S., & Norby, F. L. (2024) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2024.100736 · Cited by 6
Nazeha, N., Mao, D. R.-H., Hong, D., Shahidah, N., Chua, I. S. Y., Ng, Y. Y., Leong, B. S., Ling, T.-A., Chia, M. Y., Ng, W., et al. (2024) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110323 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
A shift towards targeted post-ICU treatment: Multidisciplinary care for cardiac arrest survivors
Sayde, G. E., Shapiro, P. A., Kronish, I. M., & Agarwal, S. (2024) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2024.154798 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hou, J., Huang, Z.-H., Zeng, W.-F., Wu, Z., & Zhang, L. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-51027-x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) was defined as a sudden unexpected pulseless condition and noncardiac etiologies 19 .”
BackgroundHarrod, M., Hauschildt, K. E., Kamphuis, L., Korpela, P., Rouse, M., Nallamothu, B., & Iwashyna, T. J. (2023) · Journal of the American Heart Association : Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease · doi:10.1161/jaha.122.028746 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“23 In our study, we found that many caregivers wanted ongoing, in-home support in providing various types of care including, for the IHCA survivor, rehabilitation and support with activities of daily living, and, for the caregiver, a general reprieve from their caregiving duties.”
Life satisfaction in cardiac arrest survivors: A nationwide Swedish registry study
Lundh, S. A., Israelsson, J., Hagell, P., Andersson, P. L., & Årestedt, K. (2023) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100451 · Cited by 6
Presciutti, A. M., Bannon, S. M., Yamin, J. B., Newman, M. M., Parker, R. A., Elmer, J., Wu, O., Donnino, M. W., Perman, S. M., & Vranceanu, A.-M. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00405-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Second, they often do not expect to experience these sequelae and are unprepared to manage them when they occur (Sawyer et al., 2016, 2020; Presciutti et al., 2022a).”
InfluentialKristensen, L. Q., Eiskjær, H., van Tulder, M. W., Wæhrens, E. E., Sørensen, L., Bro‐Jeppesen, J., Eastwood, G. M., & Oestergaard, L. G. (2025) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110653 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Camera, D. L., Elmer, J., Perman, S. M., Donnino, M. W., Wu, O., Parker, R. A., Vranceanu, A., & Presciutti, A. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2024.101426 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Explaining the Unexplained: A Practical Approach to Investigating the Cardiac Arrest Survivor
Suna, G., & Mellor, G. (2023) · Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review · doi:10.15420/aer.2023.06 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Estuani, J., Godinho, J., Borges, S., Neves, C. Q., Milani, H., & Buttow, N. (2023) · Tissue & Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2023.102033 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wagner, M. K., Christensen, A. V., Hassager, C., Stenbæk, D. S., Ekholm, O., Borregaard, B., Thrysoee, L., Rasmussen, T. B., Thorup, C. B., Mols, R. E., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000914 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“A recent scientific statement on the sudden cardiac arrest survivorship suggests including more somatic symptoms on affective domains at hospital discharge.(27) Moreover, it remains unclear whether male and female survivors differ in health outcomes in their immediate responses to trauma and treatment after resuscitat…”
BackgroundMethodKim, H., Kim, K. H., Hong, K., Ku, Y., Shin, S., & Kim, H. (2021) · Italian National Conference on Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21113650 · Cited by 5
“More than 74 out-of-hospital arrest (OHCA) patients per 100,000 people are treated by emergency medical service in the United States every year [1].”
BackgroundDouma, M., Ali, S., Bone, A., Dainty, K., Dennett, L., Smith, K. E., Frazer, K., & Kroll, T. (2021) · Journal of Emergency Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.jen.2021.02.006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Kim, Y. J., Joshi, V., & Wu, Q. (2020) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2020.100057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Presciutti, A., Greenberg, J., Lester, E., Newman, M. M., Elmer, J., Shaffer, J. A., Vranceanu, A.-M., & Perman, S. M. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-022-00295-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“Informed by the unmet need to develop effective psychotherapeutic treatments for CA survivors (Sawyer et al., 2020), we conducted a follow-up survey with this sample to explore potential treatment targets.”
InfluentialAves, T., Allan, K. S., Sujanthan, S., Wah, D. H.-L., Rahimi, M., Shalca, S., Kishibe, T., Lin, S., Swartz, R. H., Dainty, K., et al. (2025) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110793 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationKristensen, L. Q., Eiskjær, H., van Tulder, M. V., Wæhrens, E., Højbjerg, C. K., Sørensen, L., Eastwood, G., & Oestergaard, L. (2025) · American Heart Journal · doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2025.06.006 · Cited by 4
Psychometric evaluation of EQ-5D-5L in OHCA survivors from the TTM2 trial: a post hoc analysis
Bohm, M., Årestedt, K., Ullén, S., Nielsen, N., Dankiewicz, J., Friberg, H., Nordström, E., Cariou, A., Jakobsen, J. C., Grejs, A. M., et al. (2025) · Resuscitation Plus · doi:10.1016/j.resplu.2025.100994 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shiozumi, T., Matsuyama, T., Nishioka, N., Kiguchi, T., Kitamura, T., Ohta, B., & Iwami, T. (2025) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2025.110530 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sawyer, K. N., Camp-Rogers, T. R., Kotini-Shah, P., Del Rios, M., Gossip, M. R., Moitra, V. K., Haywood, K. L., Dougherty, C. M., Lubitz, S. A., Rabinstein, A. A., Rittenberger, J. C., Callaway, C. W., Abella, B. S., Geocadin, R. G., Kurz, M. C., & On behalf of the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research; and Stroke Council
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2020-03-24
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- e654-e685
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W3006280042
- Cited by
- 311
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 36 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 44 · 2023: 71 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 43 · 2020: 21
- FWCI
- 10.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Health and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Keywords
- sudden cardiac arrest, post-resuscitation care, rehabilitation, caregivers, emergency medical services, hospital care coordination
- MeSH terms
- Survivorship, American Heart Association, Humans, United States, Death, Sudden, Cardiac
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