The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time on the Risk of Heart Failure
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Although the benefits of physical activity for risk of coronary heart disease are well established, less is known about its effects on heart failure (HF). The risk of prolonged sedentary behavior on HF is unknown. Methods and Results—: The study cohort included 82 695 men aged ≥45 years from the California Men’s Health Study without prevalent HF who were followed up for 10 years. Physical activity, sedentary time, and behavioral covariates were obtained from questionnaires, and clinical covariates were determined from electronic medical records. Incident HF was identified through International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes recorded in electronic records. During a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (646 989 person-years), 3473 men were diagnosed with HF. Controlling for sedentary time, sociodemographics, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, unfavorable lipid levels, body mass index, smoking, and diet, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of HF in the lowest physical activity category compared with those in the highest category was 1.52 (95% CI, 1.39–1.68). Those in the medium physical activity category were also at increased risk (hazard ratio, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.06–1.29]). Controlling for the same covariates and physical activity, the hazard ratio (95% CI) of HF in the highest sedentary category compared with the lowest was 1.34 (95% CI, 1.21–1.48). Medium sedentary time also conveyed risk (hazard ratio, 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04–1.24]). Results showed similar trends across white and Hispanic subgroups, body mass index categories, baseline hypertension status, and prevalent coronary heart disease. Conclusions—: Both physical activity and sedentary time may be appropriate intervention targets for preventing HF.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early primary prevention strategies and treatment of associated risk factors reduce incident, symptomatic heart failure and should include lifestyle intervention with nutrition, physical activity, weight management, and smoking cessation (271-274) (Fig. 10.6).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2025 (2025) · cites this paper as [272]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Early primary prevention strategies and treatment of associated risk factors reduce incident, symptomatic heart failure and should include lifestyle intervention with nutrition, physical activity, weight management, and smoking cessation (268–271) (Fig. 10.5).”
From 10. Cardiovascular Disease and Risk Management: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2026 (2026) · cites this paper as [269]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
Piercy, K. L., Troiano, R. P., Ballard, R. M., Carlson, S. A., Fulton, J. E., Galuska, D. A., George, S. M., & Olson, R. D. (2018) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.14854 · Cited by 9,755
Compendium of Physical Activities: Classification of energy costs of human physical activities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., LEON, A. S., JACOBS, D. R., MONTOYE, H. J., SALLIS, J. F., & PAFFENBARGER, R. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00011 · Cited by 4,102
Forecasting the Impact of Heart Failure in the United States
Heidenreich, P. A., Albert, N. M., Allen, L. A., Bluemke, D. A., Butler, J., Fonarow, G. C., Ikonomidis, J. S., Khavjou, O., Konstam, M. A., Maddox, T. M., et al. (2013) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/hhf.0b013e318291329a · Cited by 2,872
Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition, and Human Performance
McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., & Katch, V. L. (2006) · Cited by 2,633
Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure
Bui, A. L., Horwich, T. B., & Fonarow, G. C. (2011) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/nrcardio.2010.165 · Cited by 2,077 · cited 1×
“Blacks and Hispanics may have greater prevalence,(4) and men have greater risk than women.(5) The combination of its disease burden, racial/ethnic and sex disparities, and projections of increasing incidence suggest that we need to better understand lifestyle behaviors potentially associated with the development of HF.”
BackgroundA simultaneous evaluation of 10 commonly used physical activity questionnaires
Jacobs, D. R., Ainsworth, B. E., Hartman, T. J., & Leon, A. S. (1993) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199301000-00012 · Cited by 1,677
Hamilton, M. T., Hamilton, D. G., & Zderic, T. W. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0882 · Cited by 1,655
Lifetime Risk for Developing Congestive Heart Failure
Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Larson, M. G., Leip, E. P., Beiser, A., D’Agostino, R. B., Kannel, W. B., Murabito, J. M., Vasan, R. S., Benjamin, E. J., & Levy, D. A. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000039105.49749.6f · Cited by 1,615
Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer
KATZMARZYK, P. T., CHURCH, T. S., CRAIG, C. L., & BOUCHARD, C. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181930355 · Cited by 1,611
Sedentary Behaviors and Subsequent Health Outcomes in Adults
Thorp, A. A., Owen, N., Neuhaus, M., & Dunstan, D. W. (2011) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.05.004 · Cited by 1,455
Walking Compared with Vigorous Exercise for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Women
Manson, J. E., Greenland, P., LaCroix, A. Z., Stefanick, M. L., Mouton, C. P., Oberman, A., Perri, M. G., Sheps, D. S., Pettinger, M. B., & Siscovick, D. S. (2002) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa021067 · Cited by 1,349
He, J., Ogden, L. G., Bazzano, L. A., Vupputuri, S., Loria, C., & Whelton, P. K. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.7.996 · Cited by 1,172 · cited 10×
“Some studies included HF in their definition of cardiovascular events,31,32 but none specifically examined HF.”
BackgroundInfluentialMeasurement Characteristics of the Women’s Health Initiative Food Frequency Questionnaire
Patterson, R. E., Kristal, A. R., Tinker, L. F., Carter, R. A., Bolton, M. P., & Agurs‐Collins, T. (1999) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s1047-2797(98)00055-6 · Cited by 1,021
Exercise Physiology: Energy, Nutrition and Human Performance
Deuster, P. A. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.1.175b · Cited by 985
Exercise Type and Intensity in Relation to Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Tanasescu, M. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.16.1994 · Cited by 928
Dunstan, D. W., Barr, E. L. M., Healy, G. N., Salmon, J., Shaw, J. E., Balkau, B., Magliano, D. J., Cameron, A. J., Zimmet, P. Z., & Owen, N. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.894824 · Cited by 825
Glycemic Control and Heart Failure Among Adult Patients With Diabetes
Iribarren, C., Karter, A. J., Go, A. S., Ferrara, A. M., Liu, J. Y., Sidney, S., & Selby, J. V. (2001) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.103.22.2668 · Cited by 709
Differences in the Incidence of Congestive Heart Failure by Ethnicity
Bahrami, H., Kronmal, R. A., Bluemke, D. A., Olson, J., Shea, S., Liu, K., Burke, G. L., & Lima, J. A. C. (2008) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.168.19.2138 · Cited by 570
Test for additive interaction in proportional hazards models
Li, R., & Chambless, L. (2007) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2006.10.009 · Cited by 548
Sedentary behaviors increase risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in men
WARREN, T. Y., BARRY, V., HOOKER, S. P., SUI, X., CHURCH, T. S., & BLAIR, S. N. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c3aa7e · Cited by 543
Relation Between Modifiable Lifestyle Factors and Lifetime Risk of Heart Failure
Djoussé, L. (2009) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.1062 · Cited by 420
Screen-Based Entertainment Time, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events
Stamatakis, E., Hamer, M., & Dunstan, D. W. (2011) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.05.065 · Cited by 387
Relative Intensity of Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Lee, I.-M., Sesso, H. D., Oguma, Y., & Paffenbarger, R. S. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000052626.63602.58 · Cited by 347
Risk Factors for Heart Failure: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Dunlay, S. M., Weston, S. A., Jacobsen, S. J., & Roger, V. L. (2009) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.04.022 · Cited by 313
Self-citationKristal, A. R., Feng, Z., Coates, R. J., Oberman, A., & George, V. A. (1997) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009203 · Cited by 298
A systematic review of validated methods for identifying heart failure using administrative data
Saczynski, J. S., Andrade, S. E., Harrold, L. R., Tjia, J., Cutrona, S. L., Dodd, K. S., Goldberg, R. J., & Gurwitz, J. H. (2012) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.2313 · Cited by 282
Body Mass Index and Vigorous Physical Activity and the Risk of Heart Failure Among Men
Kenchaiah, S., Sesso, H. D., & Gaziano, J. M. (2008) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.807289 · Cited by 252
Sidney, S., Jacobs, D. R., Haskell, W. L., Armstrong, M. A., Dimicco, A., Oberman, A., Savage, P. J., Slattery, M. L., Sternfeld, B., & Hom, L. V. (1991) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115835 · Cited by 218
Self-citationHu, G., Jousilahti, P., Antikaínen, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Tuomilehto, J. O. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.887893 · Cited by 197
Zderic, T. W., & Hamilton, M. T. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00925.2005 · Cited by 174
Vitamin and mineral supplement use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer.
Kristal, A. R., Stanford, J. L., Cohen, J. H., Wicklund, K. G., & Patterson, R. E. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 171
Carnethon, M. R., Evans, N. S., Church, T. S., Lewis, C. E., Schreiner, P. J., Jacobs, D. R., Sternfeld, B., & Sidney, S. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.147603 · Cited by 168
Self-citationdeFilippi, C. R., de Lemos, J. A., Tkaczuk, A. T., Christenson, R. H., Carnethon, M. R., Siscovick, D. S., Gottdiener, J. S., & Seliger, S. L. (2012) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.1006 · Cited by 124
Lifestyle Factors in Relation to Heart Failure Among Finnish Men and Women
Wang, Y., Tuomilehto, J. O., Jousilahti, P., Antikaínen, R., Mähönen, M., Katzmarzyk, P. T., & Hu, G. (2011) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.111.962589 · Cited by 106
Bell, E. J., Lutsey, P. L., Windham, B. G., & Folsom, A. R. (2013) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31827d87ec · Cited by 105
O’Connor, P. J., Rush, W. A., Pronk, N. P., & Cherney, L. M. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 98
Predictors of Incident Heart Failure in a Large Insured Population
Goyal, A., Norton, C. R., Thomas, T. N., Davis, R. L., Butler, J., Ashok, V., Zhao, L., Vaccarino, V., & Wilson, P. W. F. (2010) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.110.938175 · Cited by 76
California Men's Health Study (CMHS): a multiethnic cohort in a managed care setting
Enger, S. M., Eeden, S. K. V. D., Sternfeld, B., Loo, R. K., Quesenberry, C. P., Rowell, S., Sadler, M. C., Schaffer, D., Habel, L. A., & Caan, B. J. (2006) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-6-172 · Cited by 73
Self-citationSteinbrecher, A., Erber, E., Grandinetti, A., Nigg, C. R., Kolonel, L. N., & Maskarinec, G. (2012) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.9.5.634 · Cited by 31
Trends in Time to Confirmation and Recognition of New-Onset Hypertension, 2002–2006
Selby, J. V., Lee, J., Swain, B. E., Tavel, H. M., Ho, P. M., Margolis, K. L., O’Connor, P. J., Fine, L. J., Schmittdiel, J. A., & Magid, D. J. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.153528 · Cited by 31
Physical activity and weight gain prevention in older men
Shiroma, E. J., Sesso, H. D., & Lee, I.-M. M. (2012) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2011.266 · Cited by 29
Individual and Joint Associations of Obesity and Physical Activity on the Risk of Heart Failure
Wang, Y., & Hu, G. (2010) · Congestive Heart Failure · doi:10.1111/j.1751-7133.2010.00189.x · Cited by 10
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- American Heart Association. Heart Facts. Dallas, TX:American Heart Association;2012.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure
Heidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.012 · Cited by 2,862
Heidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001063 · Cited by 4,922
Heidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D. A., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., et al. (2022) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000001062 · Cited by 992
2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: Executive Summary
Heidenreich, P. A., Bozkurt, B., Aguilar, D., Allen, L. A., Byun, J. J., Colvin, M. M., Deswal, A., Drazner, M. H., Dunlay, S. M., Evers, L. R., et al. (2022) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2021.12.011 · Cited by 931
Isosorbide Mononitrate in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Redfield, M. M., Anstrom, K. J., Levine, J. A., Koepp, G. A., Borlaug, B. A., Chen, H. H., LeWinter, M. M., Joseph, S. M., Shah, S. J., Semigran, M. J., et al. (2015) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1510774 · Cited by 547
Metadata
- Authors
- Young, D. R., Reynolds, K., Sidell, M., Brar, S., Ghai, N. R., Sternfeld, B., Jacobsen, S. J., Slezak, J. M., Caan, B., & Quinn, V. P.
- Affiliations
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation: Heart Failure
- Published
- 2014-01
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 21-27
- ISSN
- 1941-3289 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-3297
- OpenAlex
- W2155932467
- Cited by
- 125
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 9.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Heart Failure (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Kaiser Permanente
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
- Keywords
- heart failure, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sedentary time, heart failure risk, men, coronary artery disease, Hispanic subgroups, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes mellitus
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, California, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Racial Groups, Sedentary Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
