Physical activity guidelines for Americans from the US Department of Health and Human Services
Open accessAbstract
he American Heart Association focuses on reducing factors known to increase risk for heart disease and stroke through Life's Simple 7. By focusing on these factors, American Heart Association seeks to both improve the cardiovascular health of all Americans and reduce deaths from cardiovascular disease and stroke by 20% by the year 2020. 1 Physical activity has a strong and positive impact on several of these factors-blood pressure, blood glucose, and body weight, in addition to overall risk for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.With the recent release of the second edition of the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans (PAG), 2 more is known about the benefits of physical activity, and the news is good-benefits start even earlier and are easier to obtain than was previously thought.The PAG is based on the work of a 17-member Advisory Committee that conducted an extensive review of the literature on physical activity and health.The Advisory Committee graded the evidence as strong, moderate, limited, or grade not assignable and summarized its findings in the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report.3 Evidence graded as strong or moderate was used as the basis for the PAG.Some of the strongest evidence was on risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be modified by physical activity, including blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and body weight.The PAG recommends that adults do at least 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity a week, or 75 to 150 minutes of vigorousintensity activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity.The key guidelines for adults are described in Table 1.Intensity can be measured in different ways but generally can be determined using the talk test.During moderate-intensity activity, a person can talk, but not sing.During vigorous-intensity activity, a person cannot say more than a few words without pausing for a breath.Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity, and that involve all major muscle groups on ≥2 days a week.Currently, only 22% of adults meet the combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening targets, whereas 36% report doing no leisure-time physical activity.4 LESS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IS NEEDED THAN PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT TO OBTAIN BENEFITSAlthough meeting the PAG should be the goal, the threshold at which health benefits begin to accrue is less than 150 minutes a week for most outcomes.The biggest bang for your buck is moving from being inactive to doing some physical activity each week.There is no lower limit to the benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.The amount of physical activity recommended in the PAG takes into account the wide range of health outcomes associated with
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- Premisecitation
The threshold at which health benefits begin to accrue is less than 150 minutes a week for most outcomes.
“Although meeting the PAG should be the goal, the threshold at which health benefits begin to accrue is less than 150 minutes a week for most outcomes.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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- Premisecitation
The positive relationship between overall cardiovascular health and regular physical activity is well established.
“The positive relationship between overall cardiovascular health and regular physical activity is well established.”
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- Premisecitation
Additional physical activity confers additional benefits.
“On the other end of the spectrum, additional physical activity confers additional benefits, and health risk does not seem to increase with high amounts of physical activity, even beyond 3 to 5 times the 150 minutes a week recommendation.”
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- Interpretationreasoning
Short bouts of activity, such as parking farther away or walking up stairs, contribute to overall benefits.
“This means parking farther away from the store or walking up the stairs instead of taking the elevator-even if it is only a few minutes of activity-contributes to overall benefits.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Compared with inactive adults, meeting the PAG is associated with a 14% reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease.
“Compared with inactive adults, meeting the PAG is associated with a 14% reduced risk of developing coronary heart disease.3”
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- Premisecitation
Research has not identified an upper limit of activity above which additional health benefits cease to occur.
“Research has not identified an upper limit of activity, above which additional health benefits cease to occur.”
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- Premisecitation
Any amount of physical activity counts toward the weekly total.
“A significant update with the PAG is that any amount of physical activity counts toward the weekly total.”
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- Premisecitation
The relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular disease mortality is similar to the relationship between physical activity and all-cause mortality.
“This same relationship exists for cardiovascular disease mortality and is similar to the relationship between physical activity and allcause mortality.”
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- Premisecitation
People with prehypertension gain greater blood pressure reductions from physical activity than people with normal blood pressure.
“Interestingly, people with prehypertension gain greater benefits from physical activity.Blood pressure is lowered more for people with prehypertension than people with normal blood pressure.”
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- Premisecitation
A strong inverse dose-response relationship exists between physical activity and incidence of cardiovascular disease, including stroke and heart failure.
“A strong inverse dose-response relationship was observed between physical activity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease, including stroke and heart failure.”
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- Premisecitation
Physical activity has both acute and chronic effects on blood pressure.
“Physical activity has both acute and chronic effects on blood pressure.”
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- Premisecitation
Physical activity plays an important role in supporting maintenance of weight loss.
“Physical activity also plays an important role in supporting maintenance of weight loss.”
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- Premisecitation
Health risk does not seem to increase with high amounts of physical activity, even beyond 3 to 5 times the 150 minutes a week recommendation.
“On the other end of the spectrum, additional physical activity confers additional benefits, and health risk does not seem to increase with high amounts of physical activity, even beyond 3 to 5 times the 150 minutes a week recommendation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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- Premisecitation
There is no lower limit to the benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.
“There is no lower limit to the benefits of physical activity in reducing cardiovascular disease risk.”
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- Premisecitation
Combined with calorie restriction, physical activity can contribute to initial weight loss.
“Combined with calorie restriction, physical activity can contribute to initial weight loss.”
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- Premisecitation
Those who exceed the PAG have additional risk reduction from all-cause mortality.
“Those who exceed the PAG will have additional risk reduction from all-cause mortality.”
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- Interpretationreasoning
Moving from inactive to doing some physical activity each week yields the largest benefit.
“The biggest bang for your buck is moving from being inactive to doing some physical activity each week.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Physical activity affects several aspects of body weight.
“Physical activity affects several aspects of body weight.”
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- Interpretationreasoning
Replacing sitting with light-intensity physical activity may help.
“Replacing sitting with light-intensity physical activity may help.”
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- Premisecitation
Aerobic exercise improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with disabilities and chronic medical conditions.
“Aerobic exercise also improves cardiorespiratory fitness in people with disabilities and chronic medical conditions.”
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- Premisecitation
Adults who sit less and do any amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity gain some health benefits.
“Adults who sit less and do any amount of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity gain some health benefits.”
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- Premisecitation
The amount of physical activity that provides favorable cardiorespiratory health and fitness outcomes is similar for men and women of all ages, including older people, as well as for adults of various races and ethnicities.
“The amount of physical activity that provides favorable cardiorespiratory health and fitness outcomes is similar for men and women of all ages, including older people, as well as for adults of various races and ethnicities.”
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- Interpretationreasoning
Even more benefits are likely when sedentary behavior is replaced by moderate- or vigorous-intensity physical activity.
“Even more benefits are likely when sedentary behavior is replaced by moderate-or vigorous-intensity physical activity.”
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- Study design and conductcitation
Some of the strongest evidence was on risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be modified by physical activity, including blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and body weight.
“Some of the strongest evidence was on risk factors for cardiovascular disease that can be modified by physical activity, including blood pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, and body weight.”
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- Premisecitation
Physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among people with hypertension and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
“Physical activity also reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among people with hypertension and people with type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
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- Interpretationcitation
Everyone, including children and adolescents, can gain the cardiovascular health benefits of physical activity.
“Everyone, including children and adolescents, can gain the cardiovascular health benefits of physical activity.”
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- Premisecitation
Engaging in 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by 25% to 35%.
“Engaging in 150 to 300 minutes a week of moderate-intensity physical activity can reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus by 25% to 35%. 3”
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- May combine two claims. 15
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 3
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThose who meet the PAG achieve about 75% of the maximal risk reduction in all-cause mortality and approximately a 40% reduction in cardiovascular disease mortality.
“Those who meet the PAG will achieve about 75% of the maximal risk reduction in all-cause mortality and approximately a 40% reduction in cardiovascular disease mortality.3”
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationA minimum bout of 10 minutes is no longer necessary to accumulate the benefits of physical activity; the total amount is what matters.
“Evidence shows that getting a minimum bout (previously 10 minutes in duration in the first edition of the PAG) is no longer necessary to accumulate the benefits of physical activity; the total amount is what matters.”
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPhysical activity has a strong positive impact on blood pressure, blood glucose, body weight, and overall risk of cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.
“Physical activity has a strong and positive impact on several of these factors-blood pressure, blood glucose, and body weight, in addition to overall risk for cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality.”
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May combine two claims.
Study design and conductcitationThe Advisory Committee's confidence in the relationship between physical activity and cardiovascular health is high, and the strength of evidence is unlikely to be modified by additional studies.
“The Advisory Committee highlighted its confidence in the relationship, noting the strength of the evidence is unlikely to be modified by additional studies on this topic.”
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn both normal and prehypertensive populations, blood pressure reductions associated with regular physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 4% to 5% and stroke by 6% to 8%.
“In both populations, the blood pressure reductions associated with regular physical activity can reduce the risk of coronary heart disease by 4% to 5% and stroke by 6% to 8%. 3”
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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenSome of the benefits of physical activity may be attributable to its impact on circulation.
“Some of these benefits may be attributable to physical activity's impact on circulation.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationPhysical activity has acute benefits in reducing anxiety and improving cognition.
“A new area of study for the Advisory Committee was brain health, which showed acute benefits of physical activity in reducing anxiety and improving cognition.”
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAmong adults with hypertension, physical activity can reduce blood pressure, reduce the risk of increased blood pressure over time, and thereby slow the progression of cardiovascular disease.
“Among adults with hypertension, physical activity can reduce blood pressure, reduce the risk of increased blood pressure over time, and thereby slow the progression of cardiovascular disease.”
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May combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningThe benefits of physical activity are extensive and affect many aspects of health, both physical and mental.
“Although this article focuses on cardiovascular health, the benefits of physical activity are extensive and affect many aspects of health, both physical and mental.”
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PremisecitationLong-term physical activity is linked with reducing risk of dementia, reducing risk of depression, and improving quality of life.
“Long-term physical activity is linked with reducing risk of dementia, risk of depression, and improving quality of life.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationSedentary behavior is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
“Sedentary behavior is strongly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality, cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.”
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAmong adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity can reduce hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, body mass index, and blood lipids, all indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus progression.
“Among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity can reduce hemoglobin A1C, blood pressure, body mass index, and blood lipids, all indicators of type 2 diabetes mellitus progression.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationMuscle-strengthening activities provide additional health benefits.
“Adults should also do muscle-strengthening activities of moderate or greater intensity, and that involve all major muscle groups on ≥2 days a week, as these activities provide additional health benefits.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [2]
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Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
InterpretationreasoningThe PAG concludes that all Americans can benefit from moving more and sitting less throughout the day.
“Combining this evidence with the benefits of physical activity, the PAG concludes that all Americans can benefit from moving more and sitting less throughout the day.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [2]
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPhysical activity can improve physical function and the risk of falling, as well as the risk of injury if a fall occurs.
“Physical activity can also improve physical function and the risk of falling, as well as the risk of injury if a fall occurs.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPhysical activity can attenuate weight gain over time, helping to delay or reduce the risk of becoming overweight or obese.
“Physical activity can attenuate weight gain over time, helping to delay or reduce the risk of becoming overweight or obese.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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May combine two claims.
PremisecitationRisk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is greatly reduced with physical activity, and this benefit is observed irrespective of body weight.
“Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus is greatly reduced with physical activity, and this benefit is observed irrespective of body weight.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [3]
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May combine two claims.
InterpretationcitationSome physical activity is better than none, and more physical activity is even better.
“Some physical activity is better than none, and more physical activity is even better.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites [2]
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Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
For individuals with a ventilatory threshold below 3.4-4.5 METs, conducting common activities of daily living would constitute exercise typical of what might be prescribed.
“For those with a VT below 3.4-4.5METs, conducting common ADLs (e.g., household chores, self-care, low-intensity physical activity) would constitute exercise typical of what might be prescribed (36,37).”
From Ventilatory Threshold Related to VO2reserve, Heart Rate Reserve, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in a Large Varied Sample (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
The Key Guidelines for Adults (Conclusions; page unavailable) say that some physical activity is better than none, but do not address whether daily activities constitute prescribed exercise for people with a low ventilatory threshold. Searches for “ventilatory threshold 3.4–4.5 METs” and for household chores, self-care, and prescribed exercise found no passage addressing that claim. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Cites
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans
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Self-citation
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2018.
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Sorted by citations
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Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome
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“Moreover, national and international guidelines and recommendations for minimum levels of physical activity have been established in both the government and health sectors of numerous nations (19, 24).”
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“The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend at least 60 min of physical activity daily, for children and adolescents, and 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic activity combined with 120min of muscle-strengthening activities per week for adults.(14) In…”
Exercise and cardiovascular health: A state-of-the-art review
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“Even with the restrictions of limited space or lack of special equipment, reaching the WHO recommendations of 150min of moderate-intensity or 75min of vigorous-intensity PA per week (World Health Organization, 2010; Piercy and Troiano, 2018) is still achievable even at home during self-isolation.”
BackgroundLong-Term Physical Activity Trends in Breast Cancer Survivors
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“For the exercise moderators, we referred to the guidelines of American College of Sports Medicine (Piercy et al., 2018; Piercy and Troiano, 2018) and previous relevant reviews (Huang et al., 2022; Chen et al., 2020a; Norton et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2020b) to code the details of the exercise prescriptions into catego…”
InfluentialKelly, A. S., Armstrong, S., Michalsky, M. P., & Fox, C. K. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2024.11809 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Battista, F., Ermolao, A., van Baak, M. A., Beaulieu, K., Blundell, J. E., Busetto, L., Carraça, E. V., Encantado, J., Dicker, D., Farpour‐Lambert, N. J., et al. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13269 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Similar reductions in blood pressure have been previously reported after exercise training, although the effect of exercise was not specifically assessed in subjects with overweight or obesity.(79) Interestingly, we”
The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on physical activity in U.S. children
Tulchin‐Francis, K., Stevens, W., Gu, X., Zhang, T., Roberts, H., Keller, J., Dempsey, D., Borchard, J., Jeans, K. A., & VanPelt, J. M. (2021) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.02.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
The association between metabolic syndrome components and the development of atherosclerosis
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiac Remodeling and Regeneration in Physical Exercise
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“least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity or a combination of both per week as well as a moderate- to high-intensity muscle-strengthening activity on at least 2 days per week [4].”
BackgroundAras, M., Tchang, B. G., & Pape, J. (2021) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cnur.2021.07.008 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
AIFit: Automatic 3D Human-Interpretable Feedback Models for Fitness Training
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“[15, 1, 23, 19, 32] that fitness and exercising have a high impact on the physical and mental health of humans, motivating the need for methodologies and scientific studies to evaluate the correctness of physical exercises and to provide feedback.”
Auswirkungen von Bewegung auf die Gesundheit
Miko, H.-C., Zillmann, N., Ring‐Dimitriou, S., Dorner, T. E., Titze, S., & Bauer, R. (2020) · Das Gesundheitswesen · doi:10.1055/a-1217-0549 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
“Personen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 können bereits mit einer Stun-de Bewegung in der Woche ihr Risiko, frühzeitig an einer Herz-Kreis-lauferkrankung zu sterben, um 35 % senken [20].”
BackgroundGut microbiota impacts bone via Bacteroides vulgatus-valeric acid-related pathways
Lin, X., Xiao, H.-M., Liu, H.-M., Lv, W.-Q., Greenbaum, J., Gong, R., Zhang, Q., Chen, Y.-C., Peng, C., Xu, X.-J., et al. (2023) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-023-42005-y · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“The threshold of exercise was 2.5 h per week based on a published guideline 58 .”
MethodInfluentialPhysical inactivity from youth to adulthood and adult cardiometabolic risk profile
Kallio, P., Pahkala, K., Heinonen, O. J., Tammelin, T., Pälve, K. S., Hirvensalo, M. H., Juonala, M., Loo, B.-M., Magnussen, C. G., Rovio, S., et al. (2021) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106433 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
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“[36] Hence, the total duration of study-related activities – aerobic, resistance, flexibility, balance – amounted to 375 min per week [36, 37, 39].”
BackgroundChanges in Alzheimer Disease Blood Biomarkers and Associations With Incident All-Cause Dementia
Lü, Y., Pike, J. R., Chen, J., Walker, K. A., Sullivan, K., Thyagarajan, B., Mielke, M. M., Lutsey, P. L., Knopman, D. S., Gottesman, R. F., et al. (2024) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2024.6619 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
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“We recommended against the use of the density model in physical activity epidemiology because unlike nutrition intake, which could be given in relative amounts or percentages, physical activity guidelines are given in absolute amounts [7] (e.”
BackgroundMethodPhysical activity and exercise to improve cardiovascular health for adults living with HIV
Ozemek, C., Erlandson, K. M., & Jankowski, C. M. (2020) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2020.01.005 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
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Hallgren, M. Å., Nguyen, T.-T.-D., Owen, N. G., Vancampfort, D., Smith, L., Dunstan, D. W., Andersson, G. B. J., Wallin, P., & Ekblom‐Bak, E. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0810-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
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“In addition, different forms of exercise have been shown to have similar effects on liver fat [22,23] if physical activity (PA) guidelines recommendations are followed [24].”
BackgroundKoch, C. A., Sharda, P., Patel, J., Gubbi, S., Bansal, R., & Bartel, M. J. (2021) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-1533-2861 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Emotional Outlook on Life Predicts Increases in Physical Activity Among Initially Inactive Men
Baruth, M., Lee, D.-C., Sui, X., Church, T. S., Marcus, B. H., Wilcox, S., & Blair, S. N. (2011) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/1090198110376352 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
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Wilund, K. R., Viana, J. L., & Perez, L. M. (2019) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000209 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Churchill, S. L., Lansing, J. E., Brower, C. S., McDowell, C. P., Herring, M. P., & Meyer, J. D. (2021) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.619129 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Inactivity induces resistance to the metabolic benefits following acute exercise
Akins, J. D., Crawford, C. K., Burton, H. M., Wolfe, A. S., Vardarli, E., & Coyle, E. F. (2019) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00968.2018 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
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Parkinson's Disease: Risk Factor Modification and Prevention
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The Dynamic Interplay of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors for Cardiovascular Health
Kris‐Etherton, P. M., Sapp, P. A., Riley, T. M., Davis, K. M., Hart, T. L., & Lawler, O. (2022) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-022-01068-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bidirectional Comorbid Associations between Back Pain and Major Depression in US Adults
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“Sufficient physical activity was considered as performing intensive exercise ≥75 min/week and/or aerobic exercise ≥150 min/week according to the recommendations of WHO and AHA.27,28 All participants underwent BIA, pulmonary function tests, and laboratory tests including complete blood count, CRP, blood urea nitrogen,…”
MethodGerman, C. A., Baum, S. J., Ferdinand, K. C., Gulati, M., Polonsky, T. S., Toth, P. P., & Shapiro, M. D. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpc.2022.100432 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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“79 Education for patients and the healthcare team at large on navigating cultural, religious, social, geographic, and economic barriers is essential to delivering high-quality care.”
BackgroundNitschke, E., Gottesman, K., Hamlett, P., Mattar, L., Robinson, J., Tovar, A. P., & Rozga, M. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14091729 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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Moderate‐intensity exercise performed in the evening does not impair sleep in healthy males
Miller, D. J., Sargent, C., Roach, G. D., Scanlan, A. T., Vincent, G. E., & Lastella, M. (2019) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2019.1611934 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
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Children and Adolescents Dietary Habits and Lifestyle Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy
Farello, G., D’Andrea, M., Quarta, A., Grossi, A., Pompili, D., Altobelli, E., Stagi, S., & Balsano, C. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14102135 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“7% of children between 5 and 11 years followed the Physical Activity Guidelines recommendations, according to which they should practice 60 min or more of moderate-tovigorous physical activity daily [36].”
BackgroundBiddle, S., Bennie, J. A., Cocker, K. A. D., Dunstan, D. W., Gardiner, P. A., Healy, G. N., Lynch, B. M., Owen, N. G., Brakenridge, C. L., Brown, W. J., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234762 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
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Alcaraz‐Ibáñez, M., Paterna, A., Sicilia, Á., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18020585 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Pecoits‐Filho, R., Larkin, J. W., Poli‐de‐Figueiredo, C. E., Cuvello-Neto, A. L., Barra, A. B. L., Gonçalves, P. B., Sheth, S., Guedes, M. H., Han, M., Cálice-Silva, V., et al. (2020) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfaa173 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ponnada, A., Wang, S. D., Chu, D., Do, B., Dunton, G. F., & Intille, S. S. (2021) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/32772 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“0 as their only personal mobile phone with no intention to switch to a non-Android smartphone, (2) did not wear a smartwatch already, (3) were aged 18-29 years and living in the United States, (4) were currently engaged in recommended levels of PA (or intended to within the next 12 months) [55], (5) spoke and read Eng…”
Li, X., Ma, H., Zhou, T., & Qi, L. (2022) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.06.031 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Ptomey, L. T., Vidoni, E. D., Montenegro‐Montenegro, E., Thompson, M. A., Sherman, J. R., Gorczyca, A. M., Greene, J. L., Washburn, R. A., & Donnelly, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0298 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“In the current trial, caregiver’s baseline levels of minutes of MPA met the established PA guideline of 150 minutes a week (Piercy & Troiano, 2018), which is in contrast to what others have shown (Burton et al., 1997; Fredman et al., 2006; Hirano, Suzuki, Kuzuya, Onishi, Hasegawa, et al., 2011;…”
Franco, I., Bianco, A., Bonfiglio, C., Sorino, P., Mirizzi, A., CAMPANELLA, A., Buongiorno, C., Liuzzi, R., & Osella, A. R. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11536-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Relation to Cancer Survival: A Narrative Review
Jochem, C., & Leitzmann, M. F. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14071720 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Shi, J., Liang, Z., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Cheng, Y., Liu, Y., & Zhang, M. (2023) · Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1265/ehpm.23-00016 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., & Wang, Z. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18346-8 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Participants were classified as physically inactive individuals (600 Met minutes/week, less than PA recommended) and physically active individuals ( ≥ 600 Met minutes/week, PA recommended) [32].”
BackgroundHsu, P.-J., Chou, H.-S., Pan, Y.-H., Ju, Y., Tsai, C.-L., & Pan, C.-Y. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18095033 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Laddu, D., Biggs, E., Kaar, J. L., Khadanga, S., Alman, R., & Arena, R. A. (2022) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2022.11.017 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“According to federal monitoring data by the National Institute of Health, only 25% of healthymen and 19% of healthy women meet these guidelines for PA.54 Additionally, sedentary behavior (SB), which includes sitting or lying down beyond sleep, is a distinct entity from physical inactivity and has been found to be an i…”
InfluentialPeven, J. C., Jakicic, J. M., Rogers, R. J., Lesnovskaya, A., Erickson, K. I., Kang, C., Zhou, X., Porter, A., Donofry, S. D., Watt, J. C., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102988 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Lämmle, L., Wöll, A., Mensink, G., & Bös, K. (2013) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph10072944 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Cardiovascular risk reduction following metabolic and bariatric surgery
English, W. J., Spann, M. D., Aher, C. V., & Williams, D. B. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm.2020.01.88 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Studies show that performing more than 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, or 75 minutes of vigorous physical activity, every week can achieve a 30% CVD risk reduction, and walking at least two hours a week reduced the incidence of premature death from CVD by about 50% (23,24).”
BackgroundBeyond cardiomyocytes: Cellular diversity in the heart's response to exercise
Trager, L. E., Lyons, M., Kuznetsov, A., Sheffield, C., Roh, K., Freeman, R., Rhee, J., Guseh, J. S., Li, H., & Rosenzweig, A. (2022) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.12.011 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ristolainen, L., Toivo, K., Parkkari, J. P., Kokko, S. P., Alanko, L., Heinonen, O. J., Korpelainen, R., Savonen, K. P., Selänne, H., Vasankari, T. J., et al. (2019) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-019-2417-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Díaz‐Gutiérrez, J., Ruiz-Estigarribia, L., Bes‐Rastrollo, M., Ruiz‐Canela, M., Martin-Moreno, J. M., & Martínez‐González, M. Á. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.03.026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Arey, D. L., Blatt, A., & Gutman, T. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935702 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Despite robust evidence supporting the beneficial effects of PA on overall health, roughly 22% of individuals in developed nations engage in the minimum amount of PA recommended for public health benefits (Piercy and Troiano, 2018).”
BackgroundJain, P., Bellettiere, J., Glass, N., LaMonte, M. J., Di, C., Wild, R. A., Evenson, K. R., & LaCroix, A. Z. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glaa227 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Nguyen, T.-T. P., Jacobs, P. G., Castle, J. R., Wilson, L. M., Kuehl, K. S., Branigan, D. L., Gabo, V. B., Guillot, F. H., Riddell, M. C., Haidar, A., et al. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00534.2020 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Sueldo, M. D., Rivera, M. A. M., Sanchez-Zambrano, M. B., Zilberman, J. M., Múnera, A. G., Paniagua, M., Campos-Alcántara, L., Almonte, C., Paix-Gonzales, A., Anchique-Santos, C. V., et al. (2022) · Archivos de cardiología de México · doi:10.24875/acm.22000071 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Kim, J., Park, C., Fish, M., Kim, Y. J., & Kim, B. (2023) · World Leisure Journal · doi:10.1080/16078055.2023.2222701 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Public health guidelines emphasize “ at least 150 – 300 min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity a week, or 75 – 150 min of vigorous-intensity activity, or an equivalent combination of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity ” (Piercy & Troiano, 2018, p. 1).”
BackgroundPfeiffer, K. A., Clevenger, K. A., Kaplan, A. S., Camp, C. A. V., Strath, S. J., & Montoye, A. H. K. (2022) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/ac89ca · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“…activity is linkedwith several positive health outcomes and reduced risk ofmultiple diseases and conditions (USDepartment ofHealth andHuman Services 2018), such as cardiovascular disease (Piercy and Troiano 2018, Kraus et al 2019), cancer (McTiernan et al 2019), and diabetes (Wahid et al 2016).”
BackgroundShen, W.-D., Xu, L., Li, H., Li, B., Qiu, X., Lv, W., Zhu, X.-Z., Greenbaum, J., Liu, R.-K., Shen, J., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/s41366-022-01137-9 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“5 h per week based on a published guideline [16].”
MethodLines, R. L. J., Ducker, K. J., Ntoumanis, N., Thøgersen‐Ntoumani, C., Fletcher, D., & Gucciardi, D. F. (2021) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13846 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kazemi, S. S., Heidarianpour, A., & Shokri, E. (2023) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-023-01940-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The consistent practice of physical activity can lead to weight loss, decreased blood pressure, and improved lipid profile by promoting the elevation of high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and the decrease in triglycerides [9, 10].”
BackgroundPerceived Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Suicidality in Former Professional Football Players
Grashow, R. G., Terry, D. P., Iverson, G. L., DiGregorio, H., Dairi, I., Brown, C., Atkeson, P. S., Whittington, A. J., Reese, L. E., Kim, J. H., et al. (2024) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.3083 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Ding, C., Feng, G., Yuan, F., Gong, W., Yao, Y., Ma, Y., Zhang, Y., & Liu, A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17010158 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Healthy Community Design, Anti-displacement, and Equity Strategies in the USA: A Scoping Review
Serrano, N., Realmuto, L., Graff, K., Hirsch, J., Andress, L., Sami, M., Rose, K., Smith, A., Irani, K., McMahon, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of urban health · doi:10.1007/s11524-022-00698-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Walking as an Opportunity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
Omura, J. D., Ussery, E. N., Loustalot, F. V., Fulton, J. E., & Carlson, S. A. (2019) · Preventing Chronic Disease · doi:10.5888/pcd16.180690 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Physical Activity Interventions for Colorectal Cancer Survivors
Jung, Y., Chung, J., & Son, H. (2020) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000888 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Low muscle mass, low muscle function, and sarcopenia in the urban and rural elderly
Moon, S. W., Kim, K.-J., Lee, H. S., Yun, Y. M., Kim, J., Chun, Y. J., & Kim, C. O. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18167-y · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Yu, T., Xu, H., Sui, X., Zhang, X., Pang, Y., Yu, T., Lian, X., Zeng, T., Wu, Y., Leng, X., et al. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42845 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“As a core component and core competency of CR programs [5], physical activity is one of the best lifestyle risk factor management strategies for patients to reduce the progression of CVD or death from CVD [6].”
Hawk, C., Amorin-Woods, L., Evans, M. W., Whedon, J. M., Daniels, C. J., Williams, R. D., Parkin-Smith, G. F., Taylor, D. N., Anderson, D. R., Farabaugh, R. J., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2021.0184 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
MacDonald, C., Johansen, M. Y., Nielsen, S. M., Christensen, R., Hansen, K. B., Langberg, H., Vaag, A. A., Karstoft, K., Lieberman, D. E., Pedersen, B. K., et al. (2020) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.09.005 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“medication, n (%) 31 14 (45) 21 6 (29) 20 8 (40) 20 9 (45) Overall trend d .”
Hannan, M. F., Kringle, E. A., Hwang, C.-L., & Laddu, D. (2021) · Current Atherosclerosis Reports · doi:10.1007/s11883-021-00948-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Budak, M., Bayraktaroğlu, Z., & Hanoğlu, L. (2022) · Cognitive Neurodynamics · doi:10.1007/s11571-022-09818-x · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Amaro-Gahete, F. J., Fernández-Rodríguez, R., Garrido-Miguel, M., Cavero-Redondo, I., & Pozuelo-Carrascosa, D. P. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01607-6 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“physical activity levels have been related to higher highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and triglyceride (TG) levels [12, 13].”
BackgroundThe Role of Vitamin C in Two Distinct Physiological States: Physical Activity and Sleep
Otocka-Kmiecik, A., & Król, A. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123908 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Yet, Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, 2nd edition, shows that nearly 80% of adults are not meeting the key guidelines for both aerobic and muscle-strengthening activity, while only about half meet the key guidelines for aerobic physical activity [11].”
BackgroundYuan, J., Zhang, Y., Liu, S., & Zhu, R. (2023) · Research · doi:10.34133/research.0214 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Because of this, many guidelines and policies have been implemented to promote human physical activity [14].”
Nutrition Interventions for Pediatric Obesity Prevention: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews
Rozga, M., & Handu, D. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15245097 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
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“[25].”
The benefits of physical activity in middle-aged individuals for cardiovascular disease outcomes
Shakoor, H. I., Platat, C., Ali, H. I., Ismail, L. C., Dhaheri, A. S. A., Bosevski, M., Apostolopoulos, V., & Stojanovska, L. (2022) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.11.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Rocliffe, P., O’Keeffe, B. T., Walsh, L., Stylianou, M., Woodforde, J., García‐González, L., O’Brien, W., Coppinger, T. C., Sherwin, I., McNamara, P., et al. (2023) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-022-00200-w · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Regular engagement in physical activity is cited as a powerful predictor of future health among adolescents (Kwon et al., 2015; Piercy & Troiano, 2018; Rollo et al., 2020).”
BackgroundYu, T., Parry, M. J. E., Yu, T., Xu, L., Wu, Y., Zeng, T., Leng, X., Tong, Q., & Li, F. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/64410 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ferrari, G., Kovalskys, I., Fisberg, M., Gómez, G., Rigotti, A., Cortés, L. Y., García, M. C. Y., Pareja, R. G., Herrera‐Cuenca, M., Zimberg, I. Z., et al. (2019) · Journal of Transport & Health · doi:10.1016/j.jth.2019.100788 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Piercy, K. L., & Troiano, R. P.
- Affiliations
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes
- Published
- 2018-11
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e005263-e005263
- ISSN
- 1941-7705 (ISSN-L)
- 1941-7713
- OpenAlex
- W2900521825
- Cited by
- 508
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 33 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 80 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 25 · 2017: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
- Keywords
- physical activity guidelines, cardiovascular disease prevention, Life's Essential 8, cardiovascular risk factors, blood pressure, blood glucose, body weight, serum lipids
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, American Heart Association, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Expert Testimony, Humans, United States
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-12.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-12.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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