The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Brain Damage and Inflammation After Experimental Stroke
Open accessAbstract
Background— Stroke is the second to third leading cause of death. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a signaling receptor in innate immunity that is a specific immunologic response to systemic bacterial infection and cerebral injury. The role of TLR4 in brain ischemia has not been examined yet. We have therefore investigated whether cerebral ischemia and inflammation produced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery differ in mice that lack a functional TLR4 signaling pathway. Methods and Results— Permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery was performed on 2 strains of TLR4-deficient mice (C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScNJ) and respective controls (C3H/HeN and C57BL/10ScSn). Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume and assessment of neurological scores. Brains were collected 24 hours and 7 days after stroke. When compared with control mice, TLR4-deficient mice had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes in neurological and behavioral tests. Mice that lacked TLR4 had minor expression of stroke-induced interferon regulatory factor-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cyclooxygenase-2, mediators implicated in brain damage. The levels of interferon-β and of the lipid peroxidation marker malondialdehyde were also lower in brains from TLR4-deficient mice than in those from control mice. In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, which is induced and mediates brain damage, was also reduced in TLR4-deficient mice after experimental stroke. Conclusions— TLR4-deficient mice have minor infarctions and less inflammatory response after an ischemic insult. These data demonstrate that TLR4 signaling and innate immunity are involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by ischemic injury.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids
Green, L. C., Wagner, D. A., Glogowski, J., Skipper, P. L., Wishnok, J. S., & Tannenbaum, S. R. (1982) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(82)90118-x · Cited by 12,077
Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · Cited by 7,631
A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 5,590
Toll-like receptors and innate immunity
Medzhitov, R. (2001) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/35100529 · Cited by 4,308
Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus
Kurt-Jones, E. A., Popova, L., Kwinn, L., Haynes, L. M., Jones, L. P., Tripp, R. A., Walsh, E. E., Freeman, M. W., Golenbock, D. T., Anderson, L. J., et al. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/80833 · Cited by 1,683
Honda, K., & Taniguchi, T. (2006) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1900 · Cited by 1,676
Fibrinogen as a Risk Factor for Stroke and Myocardial Infarction
Wilhelmsen, L., Svärdsudd, K., Korsan-Bengtsen, K., Larsson, B., Welin, L., & Tibblin, G. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198408233110804 · Cited by 1,646
Ohashi, K., Burkart, V., Flohé, S., & Kolb, H. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.558 · Cited by 1,606
Endotoxin-tolerant Mice Have Mutations in Toll-like Receptor 4 (Tlr4)
Qureshi, S. T., Larivière, L., Leveque, G., Clermont, S., Moore, K. J., Gros, P., & Malo, D. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.4.615 · Cited by 1,525
Oligosaccharides of Hyaluronan Activate Dendritic Cells via Toll-like Receptor 4
Termeer, C., Benedix, F., Sleeman, J., Fieber, C., Voith, U., Ahrens, T., Miyake, K., Freudenberg, M., Galanos, C., & Simon, J. C. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20001858 · Cited by 1,378
Cited by
Kettenmann, H., Hanisch, U.-K., Noda, M., & Verkhratsky, A. (2011) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00011.2010 · Cited by 3,547
Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease--A Brief Review of the Basic Science and Clinical Literature
Wyss-Coray, T., & Rogers, J. (2012) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a006346 · Cited by 975
Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases
Subhramanyam, C. S., Wang, C., Hu, Q., & Dheen, S. T. (2019) · Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.004 · Cited by 870
Immune responses to stroke: mechanisms, modulation, and therapeutic potential.
Iadecola, C., Buckwalter, M. S., & Anrather, J. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci135530 · Cited by 853
The immunology of acute stroke
Chamorro, Á., Meisel, A., Planas, A. M., Urra, X., van de Beek, D., & Veltkamp, R. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2012.98 · Cited by 707
Metadata
- Authors
- Caso, J. R., Pradillo, J. M., Hurtado, O., Lorenzo, P., Moro, M. A., & Lizasoain, I.
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-03-27
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1599-1608
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2045098547
- Cited by
- 606
- References
- 51
- FWCI
- 14.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Brain Damage and Inflammation After Experimental Stroke. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1161/circulationaha.106.603431
- The paper
- Caso, J. R., Pradillo, J. M., Hurtado, O., Lorenzo, P., Moro, M. A., & Lizasoain, I. (2007). Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Brain Damage and Inflammation After Experimental Stroke. Circulation. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.603431
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
