Toll-like receptors and innate immunity

Dendritic cells and the control of immunity

Banchereau, J., & Steinman, R. M. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/32588 · Cited by 14,244 · see citing works

Defective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in <i>Tlr4</i> Gene

Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · Cited by 7,631 · see citing works

A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA

Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491 · see citing works

A human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity

Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 6,137 · see citing works

Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3

Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity

Akira, S., Takeda, K., & Kaisho, T. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/90609 · Cited by 4,777 · see citing works

The Dorsoventral Regulatory Gene Cassette spätzle/Toll/cactus Controls the Potent Antifungal Response in Drosophila Adults

Lemaître, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80172-5 · Cited by 4,027 · see citing works

CD14, a Receptor for Complexes of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS Binding Protein

Wright, S. D., Ramos, R., Tobias, P. S., Ulevitch, R. J., & Mathison, J. C. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1698311 · Cited by 3,986 · see citing works

Differential roles of TLR2 and TLR4 in recognition of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cell wall components.

Takeuchi, O., Hoshino, K., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Takada, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80119-3 · Cited by 3,680 · see citing works

The innate immune response to bacterial flagellin is mediated by Toll-like receptor 5

Hayashi, F., Smith, K. D., Ozinsky, A., Hawn, T. R., Yi, E. C., Goodlett, D. R., Eng, J. K., Akira, S., Underhill, D. M., & Aderem, A. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35074106 · Cited by 3,605 · see citing works

CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation

Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508 · see citing works

Approaching the asymptote? Evolution and revolution in immunology.Preprint

Janeway, C. (1989) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.1989.054.01.003 · Cited by 3,396 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Deficient Mice Are Hyporesponsive to Lipopolysaccharide: Evidence for TLR4 as the <i>Lps</i> Gene Product

Hoshino, K., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, Y., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.7.3749 · Cited by 3,374 · see citing works

Unresponsiveness of MyD88-deficient mice to endotoxin.

Kawai, T., Adachi, O., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80086-2 · Cited by 2,367 · see citing works

Targeted disruption of the MyD88 gene results in loss of IL-1- and IL-18-mediated function.

Adachi, O., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., Matsumoto, M., Tsutsui, H., Sakagami, M., Nakanishi, K., & Akira, S. (1998) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80596-8 · Cited by 2,358 · see citing works

MD-2, a Molecule that Confers Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness on Toll-like Receptor 4

Shimazu, R., Akashi, S., Ogata, H., Nagai, Y., Fukudome, K., Miyake, K., & Kimoto, M. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.11.1777 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works

TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK

Wang, C., Deng, L., Hong, M., Akkaraju, G. R., Inoue, J.-I., & Chen, Z. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35085597 · Cited by 2,125 · see citing works

The repertoire for pattern recognition of pathogens by the innate immune system is defined by cooperation between Toll-like receptors

Ozinsky, A., Underhill, D. M., Fontenot, J. D., Hajjar, A. M., Smith, K. D., Wilson, C. B., Schroeder, L. A., & Aderem, A. A. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.250476497 · Cited by 2,086 · see citing works

A family of human receptors structurally related to Drosophila Toll.

Rock, F., Hardiman, G., Timans, J., Kastelein, R., & Bazan, J. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.2.588 · Cited by 2,009 · see citing works

Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus

Kurt-Jones, E., Popova, L., Kwinn, L. A., Haynes, L., Jones, L. P., Tripp, R., Walsh, E., Freeman, M., Golenbock, D., Anderson, L., et al. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/80833 · Cited by 1,842 · see citing works

MyD88 is an adaptor protein in the hToll/IL-1 receptor family signaling pathways.

Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., Kopp, E., Stadlen, A., Chen, C.-Q., Ghosh, S., & Janeway, C. (1998) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80136-7 · Cited by 1,783 · see citing works

Peptidoglycan- and Lipoteichoic Acid-induced Cell Activation Is Mediated by Toll-like Receptor 2

Schwandner, R., Dziarski, R., Wesche, H., Rothe, M., & Kirschning, C. J. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.25.17406 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works

Host Defense Mechanisms Triggered by Microbial Lipoproteins Through Toll-Like Receptors

Brightbill, H. D., Libraty, D. H., Krutzik, S. R., Yang, R., Belisle, J. T., Bleharski, J. R., Maitland, M. L., Norgard, M. V., Plevy, S. E., Smale, S. T., et al. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.732 · Cited by 1,659 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Heat Shock Protein 60 Is a Putative Endogenous Ligand of the Toll-Like Receptor-4 Complex

Ohashi, K., Burkart, V., Flohé, S. B., & Kolb, H. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.558 · Cited by 1,607 · see citing works

Innate immunity: impact on the adaptive immune response

Medzhitov, R. M., & Janeway, C. A. (1997) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(97)80152-5 · Cited by 1,548 · see citing works

Human TLR9 confers responsiveness to bacterial DNA via species-specific CpG motif recognition

Bauer, S., Kirschning, C. J., Häcker, H., Redecke, V., Hausmann, S., Akira, S., Wagner, H., & Lipford, G. B. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.161293498 · Cited by 1,527 · see citing works

Endotoxin-tolerant Mice Have Mutations in Toll-like Receptor 4 ( Tlr4 )

Qureshi, S. T., Larivière, L., Leveque, G., Clermont, S., Moore, K. J., Gros, P., & Malo, D. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.4.615 · Cited by 1,525 · see citing works

Cell Activation and Apoptosis by Bacterial Lipoproteins Through Toll-like Receptor-2

Aliprantis, A. O., Yang, R., Mark, M. R., Suggett, S., Devaux, B., Radolf, J. D., Klimpel, G. R., Godowski, P. J., & Zychlinsky, A. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5428.736 · Cited by 1,463 · see citing works

The Toll-like receptor 2 is recruited to macrophage phagosomes and discriminates between pathogens

Underhill, D. M., Ozinsky, A., Hajjar, A. M., Stevens, A. M., Wilson, C. B., Bassetti, M., & Aderem, A. A. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/44605 · Cited by 1,369 · see citing works

Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses

Schnare, M., Barton, G. M., Czopik, A. K., Takeda, K., Akira, S., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni712 · Cited by 1,364 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Bacterial Flagellin Activates Basolaterally Expressed TLR5 to Induce Epithelial Proinflammatory Gene Expression

Gewirtz, A. T., Navas, T. A., Lyons, S., Godowski, P. J., & Madara, J. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.1882 · Cited by 1,345 · see citing works

The immune system evolved to discriminate infectious nonself from noninfectious self

Janeway, C. A. (1992) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(92)90198-g · Cited by 1,343 · see citing works

TRAF6 is a signal transducer for interleukin-1

Cao, Z., Xiong, J., Takeuchi, M., Kurama, T., & Goeddel, D. V. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/383443a0 · Cited by 1,305 · see citing works

Mal (MyD88-adapter-like) is required for Toll-like receptor-4 signal transduction

Fitzgerald, K. A., Pålsson‐McDermott, E. M., Bowie, A., Jefferies, C. A., Mansell, A. S., Brady, G., Brint, E. K., Dunne, A., Gray, P., Harte, M. T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35092578 · Cited by 1,258 · see citing works

TRAF6 deficiency results in osteopetrosis and defective interleukin-1, CD40, and LPS signalingPreprint

Lomaga, M. A., Yeh, W., Sarosi, I., Duncan, G. S., Furlonger, C. L., Ho, A. P., Morony, S., Capparelli, C., Van, G. Y., Kaufman, S., et al. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.8.1015 · Cited by 1,253 · see citing works

MyD88: an adapter that recruits IRAK to the IL-1 receptor complex.

Wesche, H., Henzel, W., Shillinglaw, W., Li, S., & Cao, Z.-D. (1997) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80402-1 · Cited by 1,247 · see citing works

Discrimination of bacterial lipoproteins by Toll-like receptor 6

Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Mühlradt, P. F., Morr, M., Radolf, J. D., Zychlinsky, A., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2001) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/13.7.933 · Cited by 1,233 · see citing works

IRAK (Pelle) Family Member IRAK-2 and MyD88 as Proximal Mediators of IL-1 Signaling

Muzio, M., Ni, J., Feng, P., & Dixit, V. M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5343.1612 · Cited by 1,170 · see citing works

The Toll gene of drosophila, required for dorsal-ventral embryonic polarity, appears to encode a transmembrane protein

Hashimoto, C., Hudson, K., & Anderson, K. V. (1988) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(88)90516-8 · Cited by 1,097 · see citing works

Differential Expression and Regulation of Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) in Human Leukocytes: Selective Expression of TLR3 in Dendritic Cells

Muzio, M., Bosisio, D., Polentarutti, N., D’Amico, G., Stoppacciaro, A., Mancinelli, R., Veer, C. V. ′., Pentón‐Rol, G., Ruco, L., Allavena, P., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.11.5998 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works

Drosophila host defense: Differential induction of antimicrobial peptide genes after infection by various classes of microorganisms

Lemaître, B., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.26.14614 · Cited by 1,044 · see citing works

TIRAP: an adapter molecule in the Toll signaling pathway

Horng, T., Barton, G. M., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni0901-835 · Cited by 970 · see citing works

The IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB: key elements of proinflammatory signalling

Karin, M., & Delhase, M. (2000) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1006/smim.2000.0210 · Cited by 957 · see citing works

IRAK: A Kinase Associated with the Interleukin-1 Receptor

Cao, Z., Henzel, W. J., & Gao, X. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5252.1128 · Cited by 898 · see citing works

A CONSERVED SIGNALING PATHWAY: The <i>Drosophila</i> Toll-Dorsal Pathway

Belvin, M. P., & Anderson, K. V. (1996) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.12.1.393 · Cited by 836 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor-2 mediates mycobacteria-induced proinflammatory signaling in macrophages

Underhill, D. M., Ozinsky, A., Smith, K. D., & Aderem, A. A. (1999) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.96.25.14459 · Cited by 827 · see citing works

PKR; a sentinel kinase for cellular stress

Williams, B. R. (1999) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203127 · Cited by 820 · see citing works

Human Toll-Like Receptors Mediate Cellular Activation by <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>

Means, T. K., Wang, S., Lien, E., Yoshimura, A., Golenbock, D. T., & Fenton, M. J. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.7.3920 · Cited by 804 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor 4 imparts ligand-specific recognition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.

Lien, E., Means, T., Heine, H., Yoshimura, A., Kusumoto, S., Fukase, K., Fenton, M., Oikawa, M., Qureshi, N., Monks, B., et al. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8541 · Cited by 798 · see citing works

Nod1, an Apaf-1-like Activator of Caspase-9 and Nuclear Factor-κB

Inohara, N., Koseki, T., del Peso, L., Hu, Y., Yee, C., Chen, S., Carrio, R., Merino, J., Liu, D., Ni, J., et al. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.21.14560 · Cited by 742 · see citing works

Leptospiral lipopolysaccharide activates cells through a TLR2-dependent mechanism

Werts, C., Tapping, R. I., Mathison, J. C., Chuang, T., Kravchenko, V. V., Girons, I. S., Haake, D. A., Godowski, P. J., Hayashi, F., Ozinsky, A., et al. (2001) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/86354 · Cited by 732 · see citing works

Resistance to Endotoxin Shock and Reduced Dissemination of Gram-Negative Bacteria in CD14-Deficient Mice

Haziot, A., Ferrero, E., Köntgen, F., Hijiya, N., Yamamoto, S., Silver, J. E., Stewart, C. L., & Goyert, S. M. (1996) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80254-x · Cited by 732 · see citing works

Induction of Direct Antimicrobial Activity Through Mammalian Toll-Like Receptors

Thoma-Uszynski, S., Stenger, S., Takeuchi, O., Ochoa, M. T., Engele, M., Sieling, P. A., Barnes, P. F., Röllinghoff, M., Bölcskei, P., Wagner, M., et al. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.291.5508.1544 · Cited by 729 · see citing works

Toll signaling pathways in the innate immune response.

Anderson, K. V. (2000) · Current Opinion in Immunology · doi:10.1016/s0952-7915(99)00045-x · Cited by 677 · see citing works

Toll-like receptor 2–mediated NF-κB activation requires a Rac1-dependent pathway

Arbibe, L., Mira, J. P., Teusch, N. E., Kline, L., Guha, M., Mackman, N., Godowski, P. J., Ulevitch, R. J., & Knaus, U. G. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/82797 · Cited by 664 · see citing works

Signaling by Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Agonists Results in Differential Gene Expression in Murine Macrophages

Hirschfeld, M. J., Weis, J. J., Toshchakov, V. Y., Salkowski, C. A., Cody, M. J., Ward, D. C., Qureshi, N., Michalek, S. M., & Vogel, S. N. (2001) · Infection and Immunity · doi:10.1128/iai.69.3.1477-1482.2001 · Cited by 655 · see citing works

CpG‐DNA‐specific activation of antigen‐presenting cells requires stress kinase activity and is preceded by non‐specific endocytosis and endosomal maturation

Häcker, H., Mischak, H., Miethke, T., Liptay, S., Schmid, R. M., Sparwasser, T. D., Heeg, K. M., Lipford, G. B., & Wagner, H. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.21.6230 · Cited by 654 · see citing works

Lipopolysaccharide Is in Close Proximity to Each of the Proteins in Its Membrane Receptor Complex

Correia, J. D. S., Soldau, K., Christen, U., Tobias, P. S., & Ulevitch, R. J. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m009164200 · Cited by 649 · see citing works

A recessive mutation, immune deficiency (imd), defines two distinct control pathways in the Drosophila host defense.

Lemaître, B., Metzger, E., Michaut, L., Nicolas, E., Meister, M. F., Georgel, P., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.21.9465 · Cited by 648 · see citing works

MyD88, an Adapter Protein Involved in Interleukin-1 Signaling

Burns, K., Martinon, F., Esslinger, C., Pahl, H. L., Schneider, P., Bodmer, J.-L., Marco, F. D., French, L. E., & Tschopp, J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.20.12203 · Cited by 631 · see citing works

Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-2 by Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchors from a Protozoan Parasite

Campos, M. A., de Almeida, I. C., Takeuchi, O., Akira, S., Valente, E. P., Procópio, D. O., Travassos, L. R., Smith, J. A., Golenbock, D. T., & Gazzinelli, R. T. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.1.416 · Cited by 587 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Preferentially the R -Stereoisomer of the Mycoplasmal Lipopeptide Macrophage-Activating Lipopeptide-2 Activates Immune Cells Through a Toll-Like Receptor 2- and MyD88-Dependent Signaling Pathway

Takeuchi, O., Kaufmann, A. M., Grote, K., Kawai, T., Hoshino, K., Morr, M., Mühlradt, P. F., & Akira, S. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.554 · Cited by 569 · see citing works

Tollip, a new component of the IL-1RI pathway, links IRAK to the IL-1 receptor

Burns, K., Clatworthy, J., Martin, L., Martinon, F., Plumpton, C., Maschera, B., Lewis, A., Ray, K. P., Tschopp, J., & Volpe, F. (2000) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/35014038 · Cited by 554 · see citing works

Relish, a Central Factor in the Control of Humoral but Not Cellular Immunity in Drosophila

Hedengren-Olcott, M., BengtÅsling, Dushay, M. S., Andó, I., Ekengren, S. K., Wihlborg, M., & Hultmark, D. (1999) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80392-5 · Cited by 540 · see citing works

Cloning of a novel bacteria-binding receptor structurally related to scavenger receptors and expressed in a subset of macrophages

Elomaa, O., Kangas, M., Sahlberg, C., Tuukkanen, J., Sormunen, R. T., Liakka, A., Thesleff, I., Kraal, G., & Tryggvason, K. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90514-6 · Cited by 514 · see citing works

Endotoxin-Induced Maturation of MyD88-Deficient Dendritic Cells

Kaisho, T., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Hoshino, K., & Akira, S. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.9.5688 · Cited by 489 · see citing works

Structure of the bacterial flagellar protofilament and implications for a switch for supercoiling

Samatey, F. A., Imada, K., Nagashima, S., Vonderviszt, F., Kumasaka, T., Yamamoto, M., & Namba, K. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35066504 · Cited by 482 · see citing works

Constitutive activation of toll-mediated antifungal defense in serpin-deficient Drosophila.

Levashina, E., Langley, E., Green, C., Gubb, D., Ashburner, M., Hoffmann, J. A., & Reichhart, J. (1999) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.285.5435.1917 · Cited by 469 · see citing works

A46R and A52R from vaccinia virus are antagonists of host IL-1 and toll-like receptor signaling

Bowie, A., Kiss‐Toth, E., Symons, J. A., Smith, G. L., Dower, S., & O'Neill, L. A. J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.160027697 · Cited by 467 · see citing works

Cutting Edge: Functional Interactions Between Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) 2 and TLR1 or TLR6 in Response to Phenol-Soluble Modulin

Hajjar, A. M., O’Mahony, D. S., Ozinsky, A., Underhill, D. M., Aderem, A. A., Klebanoff, S. J., & Wilson, C. B. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.15 · Cited by 465 · see citing works

Drosophila Immune Deficiency (IMD) Is a Death Domain Protein that Activates Antibacterial Defense and Can Promote Apoptosis

Georgel, P., Naitza, S., Kappler, C., Ferrandon, D., Zachary, D., Swimmer, C., Kopczynski, C., Duyk, G. M., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (2001) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/s1534-5807(01)00059-4 · Cited by 445 · see citing works

An Essential Role of the NF-κB/Toll-Like Receptor Pathway in Induction of Inflammatory and Tissue-Repair Gene Expression by Necrotic Cells

Li, M. O., Carpio, D. F., Zheng, Y., Bruzzo, P., Singh, V., Ouaaz, F., Medzhitov, R. M., & Beg, A. A. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.166.12.7128 · Cited by 432 · see citing works

The CD14 Ligands Lipoarabinomannan and Lipopolysaccharide Differ in Their Requirement for Toll-Like Receptors

Means, T. K., Lien, E., Yoshimura, A., Wang, S., Golenbock, D. T., & Fenton, M. J. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.163.12.6748 · Cited by 431 · see citing works

Physical contact between lipopolysaccharide and Toll-like receptor 4 revealed by genetic complementation

Poltorak, A. N., Ricciardi‐Castagnoli, P., Citterio, S., & Beutler, B. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.040565397 · Cited by 430 · see citing works

Toll-related receptors and the control of antimicrobial peptide expression in Drosophila.

Tauszig, S., Jouanguy, E., Hoffmann, J. A., & Imler, J. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.180130797 · Cited by 429 · see citing works

The Drosophila caspase Dredd is required to resist Gram‐negative bacterial infection

Leulier, F., Rodríguez, A., Khush, R. S., Abrams, J., & Lemaître, B. (2000) · EMBO Reports · doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvd073 · Cited by 411 · see citing works

Proteins with leucine-rich repeats

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JNK2 and IKKβ Are Required for Activating the Innate Response to Viral Infection

Chu, W., Ostertag, D. G., Li, Z.-W., Chang, L., Chen, Y., Hu, Y., Williams, B. R. G., Perrault, J., & Karin, M. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80146-6 · Cited by 389 · see citing works

Cooperation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 6 for Cellular Activation by Soluble Tuberculosis Factor and Borrelia burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A Lipoprotein: Role of Toll-Interacting Protein and IL-1 Receptor Signaling Molecules in Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling

Bulut, Y., Faure, E., Thomas, L. S., Equils, O., & Arditi, M. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.2.987 · Cited by 381 · see citing works

Origins of immunity: Relish, a compound Rel-like gene in the antibacterial defense of Drosophila.

Dushay, M. S., Åsling, B., & Hultmark, D. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.19.10343 · Cited by 373 · see citing works

The Rel Protein DIF Mediates the Antifungal but Not the Antibacterial Host Defense in Drosophila

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Human CARD4 Protein Is a Novel CED-4/Apaf-1 Cell Death Family Member That Activates NF-κB

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