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Physical Activity and Public Health: Updated Recommendation for Adults From the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association
Open accessAbstract
In 1995 the American College of Sports Medicine and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published national guidelines on Physical Activity and Public Health.The Committee on Exercise and Cardiac Rehabilitation of the American Heart Association endorsed and supported these recommendations.The purpose of the present report is to update and clarify the 1995 recommendations on the types and amounts of physical activity needed by healthy adults to improve and maintain health.Development of this document was by an expert panel of scientists, including physicians, epidemiologists, exercise scientists, and public health specialists.This panel reviewed advances in pertinent physiologic, epidemiologic, and clinical scientific data, including primary research articles and reviews published since the original recommendation was issued in 1995.Issues considered by the panel included new scientific evidence relating physical activity to health, physical activity recommendations by various organizations in the interim, and communications issues.Key points related to updating the physical activity recommendation were outlined and writing groups were formed.A draft manuscript was prepared and circulated for review to the expert panel as well as to outside experts.Comments were integrated into the final recommendation.Primary Recommendation-To promote and maintain health, all healthy adults aged 18 to 65 yr need moderate-intensity aerobic (endurance) physical activity for a minimum of 30 min on five days each week or vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of 20 min on three days each week.[I (A)] Combinations of moderate-and vigorous-intensity activity can be performed to meet this recommendation.[IIa (B)] For example, a person can meet the recommendation by walking briskly for 30 min twice during the week and then jogging for 20 min on two other days.Moderate-intensity aerobic activity, which is generally equivalent to a brisk walk and noticeably accelerates the heart rate, can be accumulated toward the 30-min minimum by performing bouts each lasting 10 or more minutes.[I (B)] Vigorous-intensity activity is exemplified by jogging, and causes rapid breathing and a substantial increase in heart rate.In addition, every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance a minimum of two days each week.[IIa (A)] Because of the dose-response relation between physical activity and health, persons who wish to further improve their personal fitness, reduce their risk for chronic diseases and disabilities or prevent unhealthy weight gain may benefit by exceeding the minimum recommended amounts of physical activity.[I (A)] (Circulation.2007;116:1081-1093.)Key Words: benefits Ⅲ risks Ⅲ physical activity dose Ⅲ physical activity intensity I n 1995 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC) and the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) issued a public health recommendation that ''Every US adult should accumulate 30 minutes or more of moderate-intensity physical activity on most, preferably all, days of the week'' (49).The purpose of the recommendation was to provide a ''clear, concise, public health message'' that would "encourage increased participation in physical activity" by a largely sedentary US population.
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“Our results are consistent with the growing body of evidence that shows many benefits of exercise at relatively low to moderate intensity [47], and with assertions that among hunter-gatherers, the diversity of activities performed are of moderate and not vigorous intensity [8].”
From Physical Activity and Modernization among Bolivian Amerindians (2013) · cites this paper as [47]
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“Among 3610 older patients (>60 years of age) with type 1 DM, the risk of severe hypoglycemia was twice as high as for those <60 years of age (40.1 versus 24.3 per 100 patient-years).73”
From Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association (2013) · cites this paper as [73]
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Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 96 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SPORTS MEDICINE. ACSM Fitness Book, 3rd Edition, Champaign, Il: Human Kinetics Publishers, 2003.
- KAHN, E. B., L. T. RAMSEY, R. C. BROWNSON RC, et al. The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity: a systematic review. Am. J. Prev. Med. 22(4 Suppl):73-107, 2002.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Physical Activity in the United States Measured by Accelerometer
TROIANO, R. P., BERRIGAN, D., DODD, K. W., MÂSSE, L. C., TILERT, T., & MCDOWELL, M. (2008) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3 · Cited by 7,638
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2012 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Writing Group Members, Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., et al. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31823ac046 · Cited by 7,333
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., de Simone, G., Ford, E. S., et al. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701 · Cited by 6,149
Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects
Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60646-1 · Cited by 5,711
Self-citationHeart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2013 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Go, A. S., Mozaffarian, D., Roger, V. L., Benjamin, E. J., Berry, J. D., Borden, W. B., Bravata, D. M., Dai, S., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., et al. (2013) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e31828124ad · Cited by 5,292
Metadata
- Authors
- Haskell, W. L., Lee, I.-M. M., Pate, R. R., Powell, K. E., Blair, S. N., Franklin, B. A., Macera, C. A., Heath, G. W., Thompson, P. D., & Bauman, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- University of South Carolina (US)
- Beaumont Hospital, Troy (US)
- San Diego State University (US)
- Hartford Hospital (US)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2007-08-28
- Volume
- 116
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1081-1093
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2135375808
- Cited by
- 6,545
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 55 · 2025: 95 · 2024: 111 · 2023: 123 · 2022: 131 · 2021: 200 · 2020: 232 · 2019: 280 · 2018: 304 · 2017: 325 · 2016: 361 · 2015: 509 · 2014: 564 · 2013: 602 · 2012: 591
- FWCI
- 306.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Southern California
- San Diego State University
- University of South Carolina
- National Institutes of Health
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
- Keywords
- physical activity guidelines, aerobic exercise, moderate-intensity exercise, high-intensity exercise, muscle strength and endurance, exercise dose-response, health benefits of physical activity, exercise risk, chronic disease prevention, healthy adults, sedentary behavior, weight gain prevention, exercise duration, exercise frequency
- MeSH terms
- Adult, American Heart Association, Humans, Motor Activity, Public Health, Societies, Scientific, Sports, United States, Exercise
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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