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Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2011 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association

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Roger, Véronique L., Go, Alan S., Lloyd-Jones, Donald M., Adams, Robert J., Berry, Jarett D., Brown, Todd M., Carnethon, Mercedes R., Dai, Shifan +33 more·2011·Circulation
DOI 10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701PMC PMC4418670
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Abstract

Each year, the American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and other government agencies, brings together the most up-to-date statistics on heart disease, stroke, other vascular diseases, and their risk factors and presents them in its Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update. The Statistical Update is a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, healthcare policy makers, media professionals, the lay public, and many others who seek the best national data available on disease morbidity and mortality and the risks, quality of care, medical procedures and operations, and costs associated with the management of these diseases in a single document. Indeed, since 1999, the Statistical Update has been cited more than 8700 times in the literature (including citations of all annual versions). In 2009 alone, the various Statistical Updates were cited ≈1600 times (data from ISI Web of Science). In recent years, the Statistical Update has undergone some major changes with the addition of new chapters and major updates across multiple areas. For this year’s edition, the Statistics Committee, which produces the document for the AHA, updated all of the current chapters with the most recent nationally representative data and inclusion of relevant articles from the literature over the past year and added a new chapter detailing how family history and genetics play a role in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Also, the 2011 Statistical Update is a major source for monitoring both cardiovascular health and disease in the population, with a focus on progress toward achievement of the AHA’s 2020 Impact Goals. Below are a few highlights from this year’s Update. DEATH RATES FROM CVD HAVE DECLINED, YET THE BURDEN OF DISEASE REMAINS HIGH: The 2007 overall death rate from CVD (International Classification of Diseases 10, I00–I99) was 251.2 per 100 000. The rates were 294.0 per 100 000 for white males, 405.9 per 100 000 for black males, 205.7 per 100 000 for white females, and 286.1 per 100 000 for black females. From 1997 to 2007, the death rate from CVD declined 27.8%. Mortality data for 2007 show that CVD (I00–I99; Q20–Q28) accounted for 33.6% (813 804) of all 2 243 712 deaths in 2007, or 1 of every 2.9 deaths in the United States. On the basis of 2007 mortality rate data, more than 2200 Americans die of CVD each day, an average of 1 death every 39 seconds. More than 150 000 Americans killed by CVD (I00–I99) in 2007 were <65 years of age. In 2007, nearly 33% of deaths due to CVD occurred before the age of 75 years, which is well before the average life expectancy of 77.9 years. Coronary heart disease caused ≈1 of every 6 deaths in the United States in 2007. Coronary heart disease mortality in 2007 was 406 351. Each year, an estimated 785 000 Americans will have a new coronary attack, and ≈470 000 will have a recurrent attack. It is estimated that an additional 195 000 silent first myocardial infarctions occur each year. Approximately every 25 seconds, an American will have a coronary event, and approximately every minute, someone will die of one. Each year, ≈795 000 people experience a new or recurrent stroke. Approximately 610 000 of these are first attacks, and 185 000 are recurrent attacks. Mortality data from 2007 indicate that stroke accounted for ≈1 of every 18 deaths in the United States. On average, every 40 seconds, someone in the United States has a stroke. From 1997 to 2007, the stroke death rate fell 44.8%, and the actual number of stroke deaths declined 14.7%. In 2007, 1 in 9 death certificates (277 193 deaths) in the United States mentioned heart failure. PREVALENCE AND CONTROL OF TRADITIONAL RISK FACTORS REMAINS AN ISSUE FOR MANY AMERICANS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2008 indicate that 33.5% of US adults ≥20 years of age have hypertension (Table 7-1). This amounts to an estimated 76 400 000 US adults with hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension is nearly equal between men and women. African American adults have among the highest rates of hypertension in the world, at 44%. Among hypertensive adults, ≈80% are aware of their condition, 71% are using antihypertensive medication, and only 48% of those aware that they have hypertension have their condition controlled. Despite 4 decades of progress, in 2008, among Americans ≥18 years of age, 23.1% of men and 18.3% of women continued to be cigarette smokers. In 2009, 19.5% of students in grades 9 through 12 reported current tobacco use. The percentage of the nonsmoking population with detectable serum cotinine (indicating exposure to secondhand smoke) was 46.4% in 1999 to 2004, with declines occurring, and was highest for those 4 to 11 years of age (60.5%) and those 12 to 19 years of age (55.4%). An estimated 33 600 000 adults ≥20 years of age have total serum cholesterol levels ≥240 mg/dL, with a prevalence of 15.0% (Ta

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  • The annual rate of a first cardiovascular event, including venous thromboembolism, in the normal white population aged 35 to 55 years is about 0.4%.

    “the annual rate (ϳ 0.4%) of first cardiovascular event (including VTE) in normal white population at 35 to 55 years of age, 14”

    From Incidence of a first thromboembolic event in asymptomatic carriers of high-risk antiphospholipid antibody profile: a multicenter prospective study (2011) · cites this paper as [14]

    The Cardiovascular Diseases > Incidence section reports 3 first cardiovascular events per 1,000 men annually at ages 35–44, which is close to the claimed 0.4%. It does not give a single rate for a healthy white population aged 35–55. The Venous Thromboembolism > Incidence section reports VTE separately, not as part of that first-event rate; page numbers were not supplied. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • RCIM has proven to be a promising route to deliver preventative care by reducing both the death rate and burdens placed on the healthcare system.

    “Remote and continuous/intermittent monitoring (RCIM) has proven to be a promising route to deliver preventative care by reducing both the death rate and burdens placed on the healthcare system [1,2,3].”

    From Sources of inaccuracy in photoplethysmography for continuous cardiovascular monitoring (2021) · cites this paper as [2]

  • Most cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and adiposity conditions and their sequelae are preventable or occur at unnecessarily young ages.

    “Most of these conditions and their sequelae are preventable or occur at unnecessarily young ages and largely owe to suboptimal lifestyle habits, in particular, poor diet, physical inactivity, and use of tobacco.3–13”

    From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [5]

  • Poor lifestyle habits, particularly poor diet, physical inactivity, and tobacco use, largely account for cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and adiposity and their sequelae.

    “Most of these conditions and their sequelae are preventable or occur at unnecessarily young ages and largely owe to suboptimal lifestyle habits, in particular, poor diet, physical inactivity, and use of tobacco.3–13”

    From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [5]

  • The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population.

    “However, the prevalence of ideal cardiovascular health is very low in the US population, and the prevalence of poor-quality diet, physical inactivity, and overweight/obesity is alarmingly high, presaging a worsening of the current distribution of health biomarkers.1–8”

    From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [6]

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Research works printed but not linked: 47

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Authors
Roger, V. L., Go, A. S., Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Adams, R. J., Berry, J. D., Brown, T. M., Carnethon, M. R., Dai, S., de Simone, G., Ford, E. S., Fox, C. S., Fullerton, H. J., Gillespie, C., Greenlund, K. J., Hailpern, S. M., Heit, J. A., Ho, P. M., Howard, V. J., Kissela, B. M., Kittner, S. J., Lackland, D. T., Lichtman, J. H., Lisabeth, L. D., Makuc, D. M., Marcus, G. M., Marelli, A., Matchar, D. B., McDermott, M. M., Meigs, J. B., Moy, C. S., Mozaffarian, D., Mussolino, M. E., Nichol, G., Paynter, N. P., Rosamond, W. D., Sorlie, P. D., Stafford, R. S., Turan, T. N., Turner, M. B., Wong, N. D., & Wylie-Rosett, J.
Affiliations
  • American Heart Association (US)
  • General Department of Preventive Medicine (VN)
ORCID
Venue
Circulation
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2011-02
Volume
123
Issue
4
Pages
e18-e209
ISSN
  • 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4539
DOI
10.1161/cir.0b013e3182009701
PMC
PMC4418670
OpenAlex
W1970516435
Cited by
6,149
References
868
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 155 · 2022: 151 · 2021: 206 · 2020: 249 · 2019: 264 · 2018: 257 · 2017: 239 · 2016: 290 · 2015: 382 · 2014: 543 · 2013: 870 · 2012: 1108
FWCI
582.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
Open access
Locations
  • Circulation (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • American Heart Association
  • National Institutes of Health (5u01ns069208-04)
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23HL092229)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U01-NS069208, K23NS045054)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Healthcare Systems and Public Health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
Keywords
heart disease, stroke, vascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, cardiovascular mortality, cardiovascular morbidity, cardiovascular disease costs, family history (medicine), cardiovascular monitoring
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, American Heart Association, Female, Heart Diseases, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Smoking, United States, Incidence, Prevalence, Stroke, Metabolic Syndrome, Diabetes Complications, Overweight, Young Adult

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