The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Healthy Lifestyle Through Young Adulthood and the Presence of Low Cardiovascular Disease Risk Profile in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) Study
Open accessAbstract
Background—: A low cardiovascular disease risk profile (untreated cholesterol <200 mg/dL, untreated blood pressure <120/<80 mm Hg, never smoking, and no history of diabetes mellitus or myocardial infarction) in middle age is associated with markedly better health outcomes in older age, but few middle-aged adults have this low risk profile. We examined whether adopting a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is associated with the presence of the low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age. Methods and Results—: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) study sample consisted of 3154 black and white participants 18 to 30 years of age at year 0 (1985–1986) who attended the year 0, 7, and 20 examinations. Healthy lifestyle factors defined at years 0, 7, and 20 included average body mass index <25 kg/m 2 , no or moderate alcohol intake, higher healthy diet score, higher physical activity score, and never smoking. Mean age (25 years) and percentage of women (56%) were comparable across groups defined by number of healthy lifestyle factors. The age-, sex-, and race-adjusted prevalences of low cardiovascular disease risk profile at year 20 were 3.0%, 14.6%, 29.5%, 39.2%, and 60.7% for people with 0 or 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 healthy lifestyle factors, respectively ( P for trend <0.0001). Similar graded relationships were observed for each sex-race group (all P for trend <0.0001). Conclusions—: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle throughout young adulthood is strongly associated with a low cardiovascular disease risk profile in middle age. Public health and individual efforts are needed to improve the adoption and maintenance of healthy lifestyles in young adults.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Prevention is effective in reducing the impact of CVD”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“the elimination of health risk behaviours would make it possible to prevent at least 80% of CVD and even 40% of cancers”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“the elimination of health risk behaviours would make it possible to prevent at least 80% of CVD and even 40% of cancers, thus providing added value for other chronic diseases.3,4”
From 2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias (2016) · cites this paper as [3]
In the citing paper
“Findings from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study demonstrate that young adults aged 18 to 30 years with healthy behaviors grow up to become older adults with lower biological risk.12”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, highlighting the promise of behavior change, those who did not have a healthy lifestyle at baseline but began to practice healthy behaviors later still had higher rates of ideal cardiovascular biomarkers than those who never adopted healthy behaviors.”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“These results indicate that regardless of timing, the adoption of a healthy lifestyle has value for cardiovascular health.12”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Among those who practiced all of 5 healthy lifestyle behaviors in young adulthood (nonsmoking, low or no alcohol use, healthy diet, physically active, maintenance of normal weight), 60% had all ideal cardiovascular biomarkers in middle age.”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“In contrast, of those who practiced none of these healthy behaviors in young adulthood, fewer than 5% reached middle age with all cardiovascular biomarkers at ideal levels.12”
From Better Population Health Through Behavior Change in Adults: A Call to Action (2013) · cites this paper as [12]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Friedewald, W. T., Levy, R. I., & Fredrickson, D. S. (1972) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/18.6.499 · Cited by 32,423
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Hong, Y., Labarthe, D., Mozaffarian, D., Appel, L. J., Van Horn, L., Greenlund, K., Daniels, S., Nichol, G., Tomaselli, G. F., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.109.192703 · Cited by 4,750
Self-citationDiet, lifestyle, and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in women.
Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M. J., Colditz, G., Liu, S., Solomon, C. G., & Willett, W. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010492 · Cited by 2,901
Lichtenstein, A. H., Appel, L. J., Brands, M., Carnethon, M., Daniels, S., Franch, H. A., Franklin, B., Kris-Etherton, P., Harris, W. S., Howard, B., et al. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.106.176158 · Cited by 2,705
Warnick, G. R., Benderson, J., & Albers, J. J. (1982) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/28.6.1379 · Cited by 2,154
A multivariate technique for multiply imputing missing values using a sequence of regression models
Raghunathan, T. E., Lepkowski, J. M., Hoewyk, J. V., & Solenberger, P. W. (2001) · Survey methodology · Cited by 1,981
Kushi, L. H., Byers, T., Doyle, C., Bandera, E. V., McCullough, M., Gansler, T., Andrews, K. S., Thun, M. J., & The American Cancer Society 2006 Nutrition and Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee (2006) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.56.5.254 · Cited by 1,901
Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in Women through Diet and Lifestyle
Stampfer, M. J., Hu, F. B., Manson, J. E., Rimm, E. B., & Willett, W. C. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200007063430103 · Cited by 1,794
Cardia: study design, recruitment, and some characteristics of the examined subjects
FRIEDMAN, G. D., Cutter, G., Donahue, R. P., Hughes, G. H., Hulley, S. B., Jacobs, D. R., Liu, K., & Savage, P. J. (1988) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(88)90080-7 · Cited by 1,689
Self-citationPrediction of lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease by risk factor burden at 50 years of age
Lloyd-Jones, D. M., Leip, E. P., Larson, M. G., D’Agostino, R. B., Beiser, A., Wilson, P. W. F., Wolf, P. A., & Levy, D. (2006) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.105.548206 · Cited by 1,298
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. Morbidity & Mortality: 2009 Chart Book on Cardiovascular, Lung, and Blood Diseases. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of Health; 2009.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 372
Kobayashi, R., Iwanuma, S., Ohashi, N., & Hashiguchi, T. (2018) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.14814/phy2.13574 · Cited by 8
“In fact, it has been reported that the risk of cardiovascular disease will decrease after 20 years if a healthy lifestyle (exercise habits, healthy diet, no smoking, or smoking cessation) is maintained from a young age (Liu et al. 2012).”
BackgroundBorelli, M. R., Riden, H. E., Bang, H., & Schenker, M. B. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5560-0 · Cited by 9
da Silva, C. T. B., Hoffmann, M. S., SANT'ANNA, R. T., Wehrmeister, F. C., Gonçalves, H., Oliveira, I. O., de Oliveira, P. D., da Silva, A. M. V., Kieling, C., Manfro, G. G., et al. (2019) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.011011 · Cited by 10
“Mental disorders (MDs) are associated with the development of CVD and are related to worse outcome once CVD is established.(2) Multiple mechanisms link MDs, such as anxiety and depression, to CVD, including endothelial dysfunction,(3) autonomic nervous system activation,(4) elevated inflammatory activity,(5) and lower…”
BackgroundHuang, Z., Yap, Q. V., Chan, Y. H., Ho, J. S., Tan, S. Y., Koh, W., Chua, T. S. J., & Yoon, S. (2020) · Journal of Community Health · doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00838-4 · Cited by 9
“Much of CVD is however, preventable through improved knowledge and modification of CVD risk factors such as exercising, quitting smoking and improving diet [16, 17, 22].”
BackgroundRacial Residential Segregation and Race Differences in Ideal Cardiovascular Health among Young Men
Baxter, S. L. K., Chung, R. J., Frerichs, L., Thorpe, R. J., Skinner, A. C., & Weinberger, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157755 · Cited by 9
Huang, Z., Ho, J. S., Yap, Q. V., Chan, Y. H., Tan, S. Y., Koh, N. S. Y., Low, L. P., Tan, H. C., Koh, W., Chua, T. S. J., et al. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262752 · Cited by 9
Wakasugi, M., Narita, I., Iseki, K., Asahi, K., Yamagata, K., Fujimoto, S., Moriyama, T., Konta, T., Tsuruya, K., Kasahara, M., et al. (2022) · Internal Medicine · doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.8992-21 · Cited by 9
Kwon, Y., Lee, H. S., Chang, H., Koh, S. B., & Lee, J. (2019) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-019-02104-3 · Cited by 9
Способствует ли физическая активность молодежи отказу от вредных привычек?
Алексеевна, Х. Н., Гритчина, В. М., Садыкова, Э. А., & Лопатина, М. В. (2022) · Monitoring obŝestvennogo mneniâ: èkonomičeskie i socialʹnye peremeny · doi:10.14515/monitoring.2022.1.1933 · Cited by 8
Egan, L., Gardner, L. A., Newton, N. C., & Champion, K. E. (2023) · Adolescent Research Review · doi:10.1007/s40894-023-00210-2 · Cited by 9
“Preventing these behaviors in adolescence is critical for safeguarding future health outcomes of disadvantaged populations, and engaging in health-promoting behaviors in adolescence shows promise in improving adolescent and adult health outcomes (Liu et al., 2012).”
Tran, D.-M. T., Dingley, C., & Arenas, R. A. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0844562119899310 · Cited by 8
“Interest in studying risk factors and corresponding behavior in young adults is particularly important in light of the growing evidence that plaque can begin to form in early adulthood and eventually result in CVD later in life (Liu et al., 2012; Pletcher et al., 2010; Raynor et al., 2013).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialFactores de riesgo cardiovascular
Ros, A. L., Al-Mahdi, E. A. R., Moya, R. R. M., & Gómez, J. L. Z. (2021) · Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado · doi:10.1016/j.med.2021.06.011 · Cited by 12
Gencheva, D., Nikolov, F. P., Uchikova, E. H., Hristová, K., Mihaylov, R. D., & Pencheva, B. G. (2022) · Folia Medica · doi:10.3897/folmed.64.e64741 · Cited by 8
Melnyk, J. A., Panza, G. A., Zaleski, A. L., & Taylor, B. A. (2015) · American Journal of Health Education · doi:10.1080/19325037.2015.1023474 · Cited by 8
Hosokawa, C., Ishikawa, H., OKADA, M., Kato, M., Okuhara, T., & Kiuchi, T. (2016) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2016.00017 · Cited by 8
Chazova, I. E., Zhernakova, Y. V., Blinova, N. V., Маркова, Т. Н., Mazurina, N. V., Жиров, И. В., Uskach, T. M., Safiullina, A. A., Mironova, O. I., Elfimova, E. M., et al. (2022) · Eurasian heart journal · doi:10.38109/10.38109/2225-1685-2022-3-6-56 · Cited by 7
Vascular endothelium function among male carriers of BRCA 1&2 germline mutation
Witberg, G., Lev, E. I., Ber, Y., Tabachnik, T., Sela, S., Belo, I., Leshem‐Lev, D., & Margel, D. (2019) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.27118 · Cited by 7
Smits, R. L. A., Sødergren, S. T. F., Folke, F., Møller, S. G., Ersbøll, A. K., Torp-Pedersen, C., van Valkengoed, I. G. M., & Tan, H. L. (2024) · Resuscitation · doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2024.110265 · Cited by 7
Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Young Urban Women
Giardina, E. V., Paul, T. K., Hayes, D., & Sciacca, R. R. (2016) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2015.5697 · Cited by 7
Dutt, C., Salles, J. E. N., Joshi, S., Nair, T., Chowdhury, S., Mithal, A., Mohan, V., Kasliwal, R. R., Sharma, S., Tijssen, J. G. P., et al. (2022) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 7
Allgood, K. L., Fleischer, N., Morenoff, J. D., Assari, S., & Needham, B. L. (2023) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-023-01523-7 · Cited by 7
“These traditional CVD risk factors begin to form early in adulthood producing a higher risk for CVD later in life [107–109].”
Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Gruca, M., Zamojska, J., Niewiadomska‐Jarosik, K., Wosiak, A., Stasiak, A., Sikorska, K., Stańczyk, J., & Smolewska, E. B. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15071700 · Cited by 7
“However, it should be emphasized that atherosclerotic plaque develops in early childhood [36], which is why prevention programs, which have been proven effective in the adult population [37], are also of such importance in the pediatric population.”
BackgroundWu, J.-C., Olson, J. L., Brunke-Reese, D., Lagoa, C. M., & Conroy, D. E. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00444-4 · Cited by 7
Hulsegge, G., van der Schouw, Y. T., Daviglus, M. L., Smit, H. A., & Verschuren, W. M. M. (2015) · European Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/eurpub/ckv125 · Cited by 7
Self-citationMohsenipouya, H., Majlessi, F., Shojaeizadeh, D., Foroushani, A. R., Ghafari, R., Habibi, V., & Makrani, A. S. (2016) · Electronic physician · doi:10.19082/2274 · Cited by 7
“In long-term epidemiology studies, the development of CHD risk factors can be controlled by a healthy lifestyle that includes appropriate behaviors, such as a prudent diet, not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, and physical activity (5).”
BackgroundPostpartum lifestyle interventions among women with pre-eclampsia: a scoping review protocol
Haugdahl, H. S., Sandsæter, H. L., Lysne, M., Bjerkeset, O. A., Uhrenfeldt, L., & Horn, J. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035507 · Cited by 7
“12 13 20 rationale A scoping review is suitable to summarise and disseminate research findings and to identify research gaps in existing literature.”
National and Global Trends of Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, Morbidity, and Risk
Khan, S. S., Sidney, S., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., & Rana, J. S. (2020) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_2 · Cited by 8
Self-citationPark, S., Wong, M., Kiefe, C. I., Gordon‐Larsen, P., & Kershaw, K. N. (2024) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.124.036035 · Cited by 6
Crawford, K., Jakub, K., Lockhart, J. S., & Wold, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12875 · Cited by 9
“This may also explain why all smoking and non-smoking participants in this study favored no smoking in public venues despite initial resistance due to the inconvenience. young adult years to decrease CVD in the future (Liu et al., 2012).”
Aljuraiban, G. S., Gibson, R., Chan, D. S. M., Elliott, P., Chan, Q. M., & Griep, L. M. O. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20054029 · Cited by 7
“Even in young adults, <30 y, lifestyle-scores were related to lower BP, supporting findings that maintaining healthy behaviors from an early age can have favorable impacts on BP and a reduction in hypertension risk [51].”
BackgroundSchmucker, J., Kerniss, H., Hanses, U., Rühle, S., Marín, L. A. M., Osteresch, R., Fach, A., Eitel, I., Hambrecht, R., & Wienbergen, H. (2025) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1093/eurjpc/zwaf411 · Cited by 7
Tran, D.-M. T., Kupzyk, K. A., & Zimmerman, L. M. (2018) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/1061-3749.26.3.470 · Cited by 6
Mohamadi, A., Shiraseb, F., Mirzababaei, A., AkbarySedigh, A., Ghorbani, M., Clark, C. C. T., Aali, Y., & Mirzaei, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1169398 · Cited by 8
Negroiu, C.-E., Tudorașcu, I., Moise, C. G., VÎnturiȘ, E. G. P., Bezna, C. M., Dănoiu, R., Gaman, M. E., & Dănoiu, S. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.12865/chsj.49.03.11 · Cited by 6
Preventing cardiovascular disease in women
Lindquist, R. A., Witt, D., & Boucher, J. L. (2012) · Current Opinion in Cardiology · doi:10.1097/hco.0b013e328356db70 · Cited by 6
Psychotic experiences as indicators of risk for cardiovascular disease
Oh, H. Y., Koyanagi, A., Garg, P. K., & DeVylder, J. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.043 · Cited by 6
Anti-platelet Drug-loaded Targeted Technologies for the Effective Treatment of Atherothrombosis
Muruganantham, S., Krishnaswami, V., Alagarsamy, S., & Kandasamy, R. (2020) · Current Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1389450121666201027125303 · Cited by 6
Temporal trends of lipid control in very high cardiovascular risk patients
Araújo, P. M., Nunes, A., Torres, S., Resende, C. X., Leite, S., Rodrigues, J., Amorim, S., Martins, E., Campelo, M., & Maciel, M. J. (2021) · Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia · doi:10.1016/j.repc.2020.10.018 · Cited by 6
The Differences in Physical Activity Levels of Male and Female University Students
Moscatelli, F., Torre, M. E. L., Vasco, P., Valenzano, A. A., Monda, V., Cibelli, G., Messina, G., & Polito, R. (2023) · Physical Education Theory and Methodology · doi:10.17309/tmfv.2023.3.16 · Cited by 6
“Previous research has revealed that unhealthy habits that are modifiable, such smoking, eating badly, not exercising, and drinking alcohol, each have a unique impact on the development of non-communicable diseases and early morbidity (Joseph et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2012; WHO 2010).”
BackgroundThe impact of traditional risk factor development on the life course of cardiovascular diseases.
Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Self-citationAssessment of cardiovascular disease risk factors in patients treated for schizophrenia
Tylec, A., Skałecki, M., Ziemecki, P., Brzozowska, A., Dubas-Ślemp, H., & Kucharska, K. (2018) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/onlinefirst/95123 · Cited by 6
“Since adopting prevention strategies may contribute to at least 80% reduction of the cardiovascular risk [47], everyone should be encouraged to acquire healthy lifestyle habits [5].”
BackgroundEmpirical Support for Cardiovascular Health
Appel, L. J. (2012) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.111.088542 · Cited by 6
Li, Z., Liu, S., Ho, J. C., Narayan, K. M. V., Ali, M. K., & Varghese, J. S. (2026) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-026-06687-5 · Cited by 7
Mulure, N., Hewadmal, H., & Khan, Z. U. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.65516 · Cited by 11
“According to Liu et al., the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study amongst young adults demonstrated 80% CVD risk reduction in patients by avoiding high-risk behaviour [9].”
MethodGonzalez, C. J., LeCroy, M. N., Daviglus, M. L., Horn, L. V., Gallo, L. C., Gonzalez, F., Perreira, K. M., Llabre, M. M., Shapiro, M. F., & Isasi, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10865-023-00395-w · Cited by 5
Self-citationDavy, B. M., Potter, K. L., Parker, E. A. D., Harden, S. M., Hill, J. L., Halliday, T. M., & Estabrooks, P. A. (2013) · Open Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.4236/ojpm.2013.37058 · Cited by 5
Vernet, E., & Hinojosa, M. S. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1865978 · Cited by 5
“While younger people tend to be healthier, college students that do not seek routine or primary care are at risk of exacerbating conditions or missing essential symptoms that can lead to health problems later in life.(23,24) The role of enabling characteristics in examining USCs, such as receipt of health information,…”
BackgroundPrevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Young Adults (18–25 Years) in Mozambique
Silva, I., Damasceno, A. A. M., Fontes, F., Araújo, N., Prista, A., Jessen, N., Padrão, P., Silva‐Matos, C., & Lunet, N. (2023) · Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease · doi:10.3390/jcdd10070298 · Cited by 5
Dziedzic, E. A., Grant, W. B., Sowińska, I., Dąbrowski, M., & Jankowski, P. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11030779 · Cited by 5
“Considering exceedingly high rates of the risk of death, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to prompt the need for the relentless investigation of their risk factors and new therapies [6].”
BackgroundHealth literacy skills and the benefits of cardiovascular disease prevention
Peters, R. J. G. (2017) · Netherlands Heart Journal · doi:10.1007/s12471-017-1001-4 · Cited by 5
Actigraphic Sleep Health During Adolescence Predicts Young Adult Cardiovascular Health
Mathew, G. M., Reichenberger, D., Master, L., Buxton, O. M., Chang, A., Schneper, L. M., Allen, N. B., Goldman, N., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., Notterman, D. A., et al. (2025) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2025.102261 · Cited by 5
Self-citationZang, E. X., & Tian, M. (2024) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/00221465231223944 · Cited by 6
“While fostering growth, these opportunities can lead to risky health behaviors, impacting later health (Hope, Hoggard, and Thomas 2015; Liu et al. 2012).”
Rakers, M. M., van Hattem, N. E., Simic, I., Chavannes, N. H., van Peet, P. G., Bonten, T. N., Vos, R. C., & van Os, H. J. A. (2024) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-024-02355-y · Cited by 4
“[Participant ID: 18] .”
InfluentialKim, J. K., Kim, J., Kim, H., Chung, H. W., & Chang, N. (2013) · Journal of Nutrition and Health · doi:10.4163/kjn.2013.46.1.15 · Cited by 4
Lipińska‐Ojrzanowska, A., Walusiak‐Skorupa, J., Ojrzanowski, M., Marcinkiewicz, A., Plewka, M., & Wiszniewska, M. (2021) · International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health · doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01531 · Cited by 5
Lee, E. S. (2021) · 보건교육·건강증진학회지 · doi:10.14367/kjhep.2021.38.3.1 · Cited by 4
Prediction of Coronary Heart Disease Using Fuzzy Logic: Case Study in Albania
Maraj, E., & Kuka, S. (2022) · International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Energy Technologies (ICECET) · doi:10.1109/icecet55527.2022.9872569 · Cited by 4
Sharma, J., McArdle, C. E., Graff, M., Cordero, C., Daviglus, M. L., Gallo, L. C., Isasi, C. R., Kelly, T. N., Perreira, K. M., Talavera, G. A., et al. (2025) · Human Genetics and Genomics Advances · doi:10.1016/j.xhgg.2025.100451 · Cited by 6
Self-citationPol-Harney, E. V. D., Turner, R. M., McCaffery, K. J., & Bonner, C. (2021) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2020.12.030 · Cited by 4
Theory of planned behavior and college student 24-hour dietary recalls
Douglas, M. E., Blumenthal, H., & Guarnaccia, C. A. (2022) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.2015357 · Cited by 4
Woo, K. S., Hu, Y., Chook, P., Wei, A., Wu, M., Li, L., Woo, J., Chan, T. Y. K., Cheng, W. K.-F., & Celermajer, D. S. (2019) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2019.0027 · Cited by 4
van Mierlo, R. F. R., Scheenstra, B., Verbeek, J. G. E., Bruninx, A., Kalendralis, P., Bermejo, I., Dekker, A. L. A. J., Hof, A. W. J. V. ’., Spreeuwenberg, M. D., & Hochstenbach, L. M. J. (2025) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/66068 · Cited by 3
Nutritional knowledge and dietary practices among young Arab adults: disparities and predictors
Alzaben, A. S., Mahboub, S. M., Almoayad, F. A., Benajiba, N., Alabdulkader, S., Bakry, H., Alkilani, L. F., Abusalih, H. H., Hussein, Y., & Bawazeer, N. M. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-24702-z · Cited by 3
“The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that older age is a significant predictor of the better practice of healthy habits, and this aligns with previous research [23, 24].”
Wang, X. J., Voortman, T., Bos, D., Kavousi, M., Ghanbari, M., Conrad, N., Schram, M. T., & Steur, M. (2026) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2026.101619 · Cited by 4
Hao, Q.-Y., Zeng, Y.-H., Huang, B.-S., Zhan, Z.-B., Guo, J., Bai, K.-H., Weng, J., Gao, J., & Li, Z.-H. (2026) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2026.03.022 · Cited by 3
Gruca, M., Zamojska, J., Niewiadomska‐Jarosik, K., Wosiak, A., & Smolewska, E. B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010308 · Cited by 3
“The effectiveness of such preventive actions has been proven by numerous population studies, including the CARDIA study [6].”
BackgroundSattler, E. L. P., Lassale, C. M., Diaw, M., Joseph, J. J., Singh, G., Samb, A., Lloyd‐Jones, D. M., & Gaye, B. (2024) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101450 · Cited by 3
Self-citationAssociation between life’s essential 8 and periodontitis in U.S. adults
Liu, X., Li, Y., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Song, W., Jia, L., Li, W., & Cui, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-82195-z · Cited by 3
The Influence of Time on Food Intake Patterns:
Christopher, K. L. (2016) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2016.458 · Cited by 3
“Another major finding based on CARDIA results was that maintaining a healthy lifestyle in young adulthood would promote better cardiovascular health into middle adulthood (Liu et al., 2012).”
BackgroundHildt-Ciupińska, K., & Pawłowska-Cyprysiak, K. (2021) · Medycyna Pracy · doi:10.13075/mp.5893.01056 · Cited by 3
Kwak, Y., & Kim, Y. (2021) · Iranian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i7.6624 · Cited by 3
“Metabolic syndrome is a major factor that deteriorates physical and mental quality of life due to chronic illness with a long duration (11,17-20).”
BackgroundKato, H., Hanaie, K., & Nakagawa, K. (2025) · Research in Transportation Economics · doi:10.1016/j.retrec.2025.101639 · Cited by 2
2025 Taiwan consensus recommendations for primary care of chronic kidney disease
Tsai, Y., Wu, P.-Y., Lai, T., Sung, C., Chiu, Y., Hwang, S., Hsu, Y., Wu, M.-S., & Shih, C. (2025) · Journal of the Formosan Medical Association · doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2025.11.016 · Cited by 2
We all want to live longer, but not grow old
Giampaoli, S., Viscogliosi, G., & Vanuzzo, D. (2017) · Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease · doi:10.4081/monaldi.2017.843 · Cited by 2
“Notwithstanding an overall improvement in health status, and the progress in awareness about risk factors and the possibility of preventing disease, people today live in good health until 70 years of age, but the following 10 years are lived in non optimal conditions due to the presence of a cardiovascular disease, of…”
BackgroundPredicting Cardiovascular Health in Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
Gooding, H. C., Ning, H., Gillman, M. W., Allen, N. B., Goff, D. C., Rana, J. S., Chiuve, S. E., & Lloyd‐Jones, D. M. (2018) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.01.082 · Cited by 2
“Individual lifestyle factors measured in young adulthood are associated with favorable CVH in middle age (2).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGažarová, M., Mečiarová, L., Meňhartová, S., & Bihari, M. (2021) · Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny · doi:10.32394/rpzh.2021.0167 · Cited by 3
“Young adulthood (17-35 years) has become synonymous with the development of the wrong lifestyle associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in later years [42,67].”
BackgroundGonzalez, C. J., Copeland, M., Shapiro, M. F., & Moody, J. W. (2023) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115831 · Cited by 2
“…psychosocial consequences including discrimination and weight-based victimization, the disproportionate rate of obesity among Hispanic children is a public health issue that requires attention (Beck, 2016; Burke et al., 2008; K. Liu et al., 2012b; Morrison et al., 2015; Serdula et al., 1993).”
Nuevos enfoques en el riesgo cardiovascular residual. Introducción
Zamorano, J. L., & Cequier, A. R. (2023) · Revista Española de Cardiología Suplementos · doi:10.1016/s1131-3587(23)00007-9 · Cited by 2
Doniec, R., Berepiki, E. O., Piaseczna, N., Sieciński, S., Piet, A., Irshad, M. T., Tkacz, E., Cedro, T., Fareedi, A. A., Gagnon, S., et al. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14031320 · Cited by 2
Bai, P., Shao, X., Ning, X., Jiang, X., Liu, H., Lin, Y., Hou, F., Zhang, Y., Zhou, S., & Yu, P. (2024) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-024-04760-5 · Cited by 2
“Single-measure data cannot comprehensively evaluate the ongoing impact of CVH metrics on CKD; thus, CVH factors remain poorly understood [22].”
BackgroundSelf-assessment of health and care for health among employed men in Poland
Hildt-Ciupińska, K. (2024) · International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/10803548.2024.2369395 · Cited by 2
“…US cohort study (CARDIA) found that maintaining a healthy lifestyle from adolescence (i.e., mean BMI ≤ 25, moderate alcohol intake, higher healthy diet score, higher physical activity score and not smoking) was strongly associated with a low cardiovascular risk profile in middle age [26].”
Tereshchenko, L. G., Haq, K. T., Howell, S. J., Mitchell, E. C., Martínez, J., Hyde, J., Briceño, G., Pena, J., Pocius, E., Khan, A., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal - Digital Health · doi:10.1093/ehjdh/ztae048 · Cited by 2
“33 The four scores were summed, and the higher 40 percentile was considered a healthier diet.”
BackgroundSelf-citationElectrical Heterogeneity in Hispanic Background Subpopulations
Tereshchenko, L. G., Haq, K. T., Howell, S. J., Mitchell, E. C., Hyde, J., Martínez, J., Ahmed, C. A., Briceño, G., Patel, H., Pena, J., et al. (2024) · JACC Advances · doi:10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.101225 · Cited by 2
Self-citationLandry, M. J., Pineda, J. P., Lee, J. M., Hoyt, M. A., Edwards, K. L., Lindsay, K. L., Gardner, C. D., & Wong, N. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-095200 · Cited by 2
Castelli, L., Ciorciari, A., Galasso, L., Borrelli, M., Caumo, A., Michielon, G., Montaruli, A., & Roveda, E. (2025) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-025-01392-z · Cited by 2
Guijarro, C., Diaz, A., Moreno, E., Gamonal, P., Soler, M., Vidal-Vilar, N., & Fernández, M. R. (2025) · Clínica e Investigación en Arteriosclerosis (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/j.artere.2025.500753 · Cited by 2
Li, J., Ge, Q., Liu, Y., & Jia, W. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1498240 · Cited by 2
Dziedzic, E. A., Machowski, M., Oleszczak-Kostyra, M., & Dąbrowski, M. (2018) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.71786 · Cited by 2
“In accordance with meta-analysis, based on an analysis of studies involving a total of more than 250,000 people, the risk of death due to CVD in the course of lifetime is approximately 30%, and taken into account the risk of death and all cardiovascular events dating back to it, 50% for both sexes, in each age group […”
BackgroundMethodHypertension Control Rate Should be Defined Consistently and Used to Motivate Action to Improve
DeMarzo, A. P. (2019) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.1007/s40292-019-00350-4 · Cited by 2
Secondary Prevention and Cardiac Rehabilitation
Lo, H. C., Pazargadi, A., Świątkiewicz, I., & Taub, P. R. (2020) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-56279-3_27 · Cited by 2
Prue-Owens, K., Graham, H., & Ramesh, M. (2020) · Journal of Nursing Measurement · doi:10.1891/jnm-d-19-00052 · Cited by 2
Mohsenipouya, H., Majlessi, F., Jannati, Y., Naghibi, S. A., Ghaemian, A., & Sangani, A. (2021) · Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research · doi:10.30699/jambs.29.135.223 · Cited by 2
Egan, L., Gardner, L. A., Newton, N. C., & Champion, K. E. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/35408 · Cited by 2
“during adolescence shows promise in improving both adolescent and adult health outcomes [71].”
BackgroundMind and Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanism of Interrelationship
Phadke, S. S., & Phadke, L. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6913-2_11 · Cited by 2
Frecuencia de Obesidad y Sobrepeso en una Institución de Salud de la Ciudad de Barranquilla
Mantilla-Morrón, M. (2013) · Ciencia e Innovación en Salud · doi:10.17081/innosa.1.1.82 · Cited by 2
Fat Sensing Using Low-Cost Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Mulvey, B. W., & Kennedy, M. P. (2019) · Irish Signals and Systems Conference · doi:10.1109/issc.2019.8904963 · Cited by 2
“978-1-7281-2800-9/19/$31.00 ©2019 IEEE Keywords—sensors, Near-Infrared (NIR), vibrational spectroscopy, chemometrics, Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), signal processing, Random Forest I. INTRODUCTION The goal of this project is to investigate the potential to develop a low-cost handheld spectroscopy-based instrument to e…”
BackgroundInfluentialΤζιόμαλος, Κ., Doumas, M. N., & Athyros, V. G. (2013) · The Open Hypertension Journal · doi:10.2174/1876526201305010023 · Cited by 2
“Recent studies have shown that the levels of ideal CV health in the United States to be very low at a community level [3-5] and to be associated with cardiac events [3], stroke [2] and total mortality [6].”
BackgroundPrimärprävention der koronaren Herzkrankheit
Mühleck, F., & Laufs, U. (2019) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-019-04873-3 · Cited by 1
“Schätzungen kommen zu der begründeten Annahme, dass 80% der kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen durch rechtzeitige und suffiziente Senkung von Cholesterin, Kontrolle des Blutdrucks sowie Nikotinverzicht verhindert werden können [6, 7].”
BackgroundYu, Y., Moliterno, P., An, D., Raaijmakers, A., Martens, D. S., Stolarz‐Skrzypek, K., Tikhonoff, V., Malyutina, S. K., Casiglia, E., Chori, B. S., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003447 · Cited by 1
A Life-Stage Approach to Precision Nutrition: A Narrative Review
Yoon, Y. S., Lee, H. I., & Oh, S. W. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.66813 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, K., Daviglus, M. L., Loria, C. M., Colangelo, L. A., Spring, B., Moller, A. C., & Lloyd-Jones, D. M.
- Affiliations
- Northwestern University (US)
- From the Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (K.L., M.L.D., L.A.C., B.S., A.C.M., D.M.L.-J.), and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (C.M.L.).
- ORCID
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2012-02-28
- Volume
- 125
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 996-1004
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- PMC
- PMC3353808
- OpenAlex
- W2114377026
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 15.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (n01hc95095-66-0-1, n01hc48047-55-0-1, n01hc48049-61-0-1)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (N01 HC 95095, N01-HC-048049, N01 HC095095, N01 HC048047, N01-HC-480-47)
- National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR025741)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health and Lifestyle Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Keywords
- healthy lifestyle, early adulthood, middle age (human life stage), body mass index, alcohol consumption, healthy eating, physical activity, never smoking, untreated hypertension, CARDIA study, sex differences, racial differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Cardiovascular Diseases, Coronary Artery Disease, Female, Humans, Life Style, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
