The DOI matches its Crossref record, with a small difference in title or year; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Frequent Physical Activity May Not Reduce Vascular Disease Risk as Much as Moderate Activity: Large Prospective Study of Women in the United Kingdom
Open accessAbstract
Background—: Although physical activity has generally been associated with reduced risk of vascular disease, there is limited evidence about the effects of the frequency and duration of various activities on the incidence of particular types of vascular disease. Methods and Results—: In 1998, on average, 1.1 million women without prior vascular disease reported their frequency of physical activity and many other personal characteristics. Three years later, they were asked about hours spent walking, cycling, gardening, and housework each week. Women were followed by record linkage to National Health Service cause-specific hospital admissions and death records. Cox regression was used to calculate adjusted relative risks for first vascular events in relation to physical activity. During an average of 9 years follow-up, 49 113 women had a first coronary heart disease event, 17 822 had a first cerebrovascular event, and 14 550 had a first venous thromboembolic event. In comparison with inactive women, those reporting moderate activity had significantly lower risks of all 3 conditions ( P <0.001 for each). However, women reporting strenuous physical activity daily had higher risks of coronary heart disease ( P =0.002), cerebrovascular disease ( P <0.001), and venous thromboembolic events ( P <0.001) than those reporting doing such activity 2 to 3 times per week. Risks did not differ between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, or between venous thromboembolic events with or without pulmonary embolism. Conclusions—: Moderate physical activity is associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease, venous thromboembolic event, and cerebrovascular disease than inactivity. However, among active women, there is little to suggest progressive reductions in risk of vascular diseases with increasing frequency of activity.
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In the citing paper
“Effect estimates were mostly relative measures of the association between physical activity and incident stroke (either hazard ratios or relative risks), though 3 papers29,34,47 reported absolute measures of effect such as population attributable risk percents.”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Of the 28 studies in Table 2, Nineteen studies (68%) reported estimates indicating a protective effect of physical activity on risk of stroke”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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In the citing paper
“One paper29 (of the 17) demonstrated a higher population attributable risk of stroke due to physical inactivity in women than men (63.8% vs. 57.6%), but the difference was not tested for statistical significance.”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“Of the 37 studies included, 31 were prospective cohort studies with the exception of 3 case control studies,29,40,49 and 3 were other study types”
From Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Incident Stroke: A Systematic Review (2022) · cites this paper as [29]
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Citations
Cites
International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity
CRAIG, C. L., MARSHALL, A. L., SJ??STR??M, M., BAUMAN, A. E., BOOTH, M. L., AINSWORTH, B. E., PRATT, M., EKELUND, U., YNGVE, A., SALLIS, J. F., et al. (2003) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000078924.61453.fb · Cited by 21,619
Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities
AINSWORTH, B. E., HASKELL, W. L., WHITT, M. C., IRWIN, M. L., SWARTZ, A. M., STRATH, S. J., O???BRIEN, W. L., BASSETT, D. R., SCHMITZ, K. H., EMPLAINCOURT, P. O., et al. (2000) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009 · Cited by 8,497
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
(2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_3055 · Cited by 4,182
International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems
Eisfeld, J. (2014) · TSQ Transgender Studies Quarterly · doi:10.1215/23289252-2399740 · Cited by 3,570
Breast cancer and hormone-replacement therapy in the Million Women Study
Beral, V. (2003) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)14065-2 · Cited by 2,986
Self-citationRisk Factors for Venous Thromboembolism
Anderson, F. A., & Spencer, F. A. (2003) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000078469.07362.e6 · Cited by 1,732
Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North
Townsend, P. D., Phillimore, P., & Beattie, A. (1987) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 1,473
Dose Response Between Physical Activity and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease: A Meta-Analysis
Sattelmair, J., Pertman, J., Ding, E. L., Kohl, H. W., Haskell, W., & Lee, I.-M. (2011) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.110.010710 · Cited by 1,052
Clarke, R., Shipley, M. J., Lewington, S., Youngman, L. D., Collins, R., Marmot, M. G., & Peto, R. (1999) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010013 · Cited by 879
Leisure-time running reduces all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk.
Lee, D.-C., Pate, R. R., Lavie, C. J., Sui, X., Church, T. S., & Blair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058 · Cited by 819 · cited 1×
“A recent prospective study of men and women aged 44 years on average at baseline, suggested a U-shaped association between running frequency and cardiovascular mortality.(38) Although the lowest risk appeared to be among those reporting running 3 times per week, the confidence intervals were large.”
Background
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 47 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. The Active Australia Survey: A Guide for Implementing Analysis and Reporting. Canberra, ACT, Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare; 2003.
- 10.1097/01.EDE.0000023965.92535.C0 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2017 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Blaha, M. J., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., Deo, R., de Ferranti, S. D., Floyd, J., Fornage, M., Gillespie, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000485 · Cited by 12,591
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2020 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Virani, S. S., Alonso, A., Benjamin, E. J., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Delling, F. N., et al. (2020) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000757 · Cited by 9,175
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2019 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Benjamin, E. J., Muntner, P., Alonso, A., Bittencourt, M. S., Callaway, C. W., Carson, A. P., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Das, S. R., et al. (2019) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000659 · Cited by 9,036
Heart disease and stroke statistics-2018 update: a report from the american heart association
Benjamin, E. J., Virani, S. S., Callaway, C. W., Chamberlain, A. M., Chang, A. R., Cheng, S., Chiuve, S. E., Cushman, M., Delling, F. N., Deo, R., et al. (2018) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000558 · Cited by 7,146
Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., Das, S. R., de Ferranti, S., Després, J.-P., Fullerton, H. J., et al. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 · Cited by 6,596
Metadata
- Authors
- Armstrong, M. E. G., Green, J., Reeves, G. K., Beral, V., & Cairns, B. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Venue
- Circulation
- Published
- 2015-02-24
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 721-729
- ISSN
- 0009-7322 (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4539
- OpenAlex
- W2027486850
- Semantic Scholar
- 10c640bea0cb08d8d3047c75660ab95b122073e8
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 17
- FWCI
- 17.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Circulation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Bristol Research (University of Bristol) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Explore Bristol Research (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- The Sydney eScholarship Repository (The University of Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK (C570/A11692, K02700X, 16491, RE/13/1/30181)
- British Heart Foundation (RE/13/1/30181)
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Oxford (RE/13/1/30 181)
- Medical Research Council (13/1/30181, MR/K02700X/1)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Keywords
- physical activity, vascular disease, coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, venous thromboembolism, stroke, activity frequency, physical activity intensity, women
- MeSH terms
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Physical Exertion, Female, Follow-Up Studies, United Kingdom, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Middle Aged, Motor Activity, Prospective Studies, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Cohort Studies, Exercise, Incidence
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