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Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring in Children and Adolescents: 2022 Update: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Abstract
Use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents has markedly increased since publication of the last American Heart Association scientific statement on pediatric ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in 2014. In addition, there has also been significant expansion of the evidence base for use of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the pediatric population, including new data linking ambulatory blood pressure levels with the development of blood pressure–related target organ damage. Last, additional data have recently been published that enable simplification of the classification of pediatric ambulatory monitoring studies. This scientific statement presents a succinct review of this new evidence, guidance on optimal application of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in the clinical setting, and an updated classification scheme for the interpretation of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in children and adolescents. We also highlight areas of uncertainty where additional research is needed.
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“Studies of”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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“In general, these studies found that GLP-1–based therapies would not be cost-effective compared with usual care, especially when used as first-line therapy.”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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“SGLT2i appear to primarily reduce incident and worsening HF.17,37–44”
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“Based on the results across these trials, it is likely that finerenone confers both cardiovascular and kidney benefits in those with albuminuric DKD and HFmrEF/HFpEF, though a more dedicated study of this population is needed.”
From 2026 AHA/ACC/ADA/ASN Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Management of Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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“in FINEARTS-HF alone, finerenone did not result in a reduction in the primary kidney endpoint.44”
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“In end-stage kidney disease on dialysis, 2 high-quality observational studies using data from the US Renal Data System found that apixaban was associated with lower major bleeding and similar mortality compared to warfarin.43,44”
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“Exercise interventions improve quality of life and several cardiometabolic parameters, even in those with advanced liver disease.44,45”
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“Decreases in eGFR up to 30% after initiation of a RASi or MRA are expected and acceptable.44”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Flynn, J. T., Urbina, E. M., Brady, T. M., Baker-Smith, C., Daniels, S. R., Hayman, L. L., Mitsnefes, M., Tran, A., Zachariah, J. P., & on behalf of the Atherosclerosis, H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 79
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- e114-e124
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- PMC
- PMC12168719
- OpenAlex
- W4281298204
- Cited by
- 202
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 42 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 11
- FWCI
- 7.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL148217)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, pediatric hypertension, children and adolescents, target organ damage, blood pressure classification, hypertension diagnosis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, American Heart Association, Blood Pressure, Child, Humans, Hypertension, United States, Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory
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