Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and the Risk Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis
Abstract
An individual participant data meta-analysis was conducted in the data of 14 673 Japanese participants without a history of cardiovascular disease (CVD) to examine the association of the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) with the risk of development of CVD. During the average 6.4-year follow-up period, 687 participants died and 735 developed cardiovascular events. A higher baPWV was significantly associated with a higher risk of CVD, even after adjustments for conventional risk factors ( P for trend <0.001). When the baPWV values were classified into quintiles, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for CVD increased significantly as the baPWV quintile increased. The hazard ratio in the subjects with baPWV values in quintile 5 versus that in those with the values in quintile 1 was 3.50 (2.14–5.74; P <0.001). Every 1 SD increase of the baPWV was associated with a 1.19-fold (1.10–1.29; P <0.001) increase in the risk of CVD. Moreover, addition of baPWV to a model incorporating the Framingham risk score significantly increased the C statistics from 0.8026 to 0.8131 ( P <0.001) and also improved the category-free net reclassification (0.247; P <0.001). The present meta-analysis clearly established baPWV as an independent predictor of the risk of development of CVD in Japanese subjects without preexisting CVD. Thus, measurement of the baPWV could enhance the efficacy of prediction of the risk of development of CVD over that of the Framingham risk score, which is based on the traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In a meta-analysis of 14,673 Japanese, adding baPWV to classic risk factors increased the ability to predict CVD risk.
“Recent reports by Japan have shown that35) when data from a meta-analysis that integrated personal-level data of 14,673 Japanese was used, the addition of baPWV to the classic risk factors increased the ability to predict the risk for CVD.”
From Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) guidelines for prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2017 (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
DeLong, E. R., DeLong, D. M., & Clarke-Pearson, D. L. (1988) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531595 · Cited by 22,649 · see citing works
Stroup, D. F. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.15.2008 · Cited by 20,623 · see citing works
Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories
Wilson, P. W. F., D’Agostino, R. B., Levy, D., Belanger, A. M., Silbershatz, H., & Kannel, W. B. (1998) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.97.18.1837 · Cited by 9,581 · see citing works
Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redón, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/01.hjh.0000431740.32696.cc · Cited by 5,655 · see citing works
Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Arterial Stiffness
Vlachopoulos, C., Aznaouridis, K., & Stefanadis, C. (2010) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.061 · Cited by 4,165 · see citing works
Self-citation2010 ACCF/AHA Guideline for Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk in Asymptomatic Adults
Greenland, P., Alpert, J. S., Beller, G. A., Benjamin, E. J., Budoff, M. J., Fayad, Z. A., Foster, E., Hlatky, M. A., Hodgson, J. M., Kushner, F. G., et al. (2010) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e3182051b4c · Cited by 1,968 · see citing works
Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity Improves Cardiovascular Event Prediction
Ben-Shlomo, Y., Spears, M., Boustred, C., May, M., Anderson, S. G., Benjamin, E. J., Boutouyrie, P., Cameron, J., Chen, C.-H., Cruickshank, J. K., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.09.063 · Cited by 1,835 · see citing works
Self-citationYamashina, A., Tomiyama, H., Takeda, K., Tsuda, H., Arai, T., Hirose, K., Koji, Y., Hori, S., & Yamamoto, Y. (2002) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.25.359 · Cited by 1,625 · see citing works
Self-citationRecommendations for Improving and Standardizing Vascular Research on Arterial Stiffness
Townsend, R. R., Wilkinson, I. B., Schiffrin, E. L., Avolio, A. P., Chirinos, J. A., Cockcroft, J. R., Heffernan, K. S., Lakatta, E. G., McEniery, C. M., Mitchell, G. F., et al. (2015) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000033 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
Sutton-Tyrrell, K., Najjar, S. S., Boudreau, R. M., Venkitachalam, L., Kupelian, V. A., Simonsick, E. M., Havlik, R. J., Lakatta, E. G., Spurgeon, H. A., Kritchevsky, S. B., et al. (2005) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.104.483628 · Cited by 1,250 · see citing works
Aortic Stiffness Is an Independent Predictor of Fatal Stroke in Essential Hypertension
Laurent, S., Katsahian, S., Fassot, C., Tropeano, A., Gautier, I., Laloux, B., & Boutouyrie, P. (2003) · Stroke · doi:10.1161/01.str.0000065428.03209.64 · Cited by 1,058 · see citing works
Vlachopoulos, C., Xaplanteris, P., Aboyans, V., Brodmann, M., Cífková, R., Cosentino, F., De Carlo, M., Gallino, A., Landmesser, U., Laurent, S., et al. (2015) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.05.007 · Cited by 716 · see citing works
Self-citationVlachopoulos, C. V., Xaplanteris, P., Aboyans, V., Brodmann, M., Cífková, R., Cosentino, F., Carlo, M. D., Gallino, A., Landmesser, U., Laurent, S., et al. (2015) · HAL · Cited by 590 · see citing works
Self-citationTanaka, H., Munakata, M., Kawano, Y., Ohishi, M., Shoji, T., Sugawara, J., Tomiyama, H., Yamashina, A., Yasuda, H., Sawayama, T., et al. (2009) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832e94e7 · Cited by 581 · see citing works
Self-citationBrachial–ankle pulse wave velocity: an index of central arterial stiffness?
Sugawara, J., Hayashi, K., Yokoi, T., Cortez‐Cooper, M. Y., DeVan, A. E., Antón, M. M., & Tanaka, H. (2005) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001838 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Net Reclassification Indices for Evaluating Risk Prediction Instruments
Kerr, K. F., Wang, Z., Janes, H., McClelland, R. L., Psaty, B. M., & PEPE, M. S. (2013) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000018 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Prediction of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality With Brachial-Ankle Elasticity Index
Vlachopoulos, C. V., Aznaouridis, K. A., Terentes-Printzios, D. G., Ioakeimidis, N., & Stefanadis, C. (2012) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.112.194779 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
Self-citationPencina, M. J., D’Agostino, R. B., & Demler, O. (2011) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4348 · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Endothelial dysfunction and diabetes: roles of hyperglycemia, impaired insulin signaling and obesity
Bakker, W., Eringa, E. C., Sipkema, P., & van Hinsbergh, V. W. M. (2008) · Cell and Tissue Research · doi:10.1007/s00441-008-0685-6 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
Non-Invasive Vascular Function Tests:
Tomiyama, H., & Yamashina, A. (2009) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.cj-09-0534 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Self-citationTomiyama, H., Koji, Y., Yambe, M., Shiina, K., Motobe, K., Yamada, J., Shido, N., Tanaka, N., Chikamori, T., & Yamashina, A. (2005) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.815 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Self-citationBrachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity: Myths, Misconceptions, and Realities
Sugawara, J., & Tanaka, H. (2015) · Pulse · doi:10.1159/000430771 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Hoshide, S., Yano, Y., Haimoto, H., Yamagiwa, K., Uchiba, K., Nagasaka, S., Matsui, Y., Nakamura, A., Fukutomi, M., Eguchi, K., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07201 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationTurin, T. C., Kita, Y., Rumana, N., Takashima, N., Kadota, A., Matsui, K., Sugihara, H., Morita, Y., Nakamura, Y., Miura, K., et al. (2010) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2010.103 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationDitchey, R. V. (1984) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.69.4.815 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Maeda, Y., Inoguchi, T., Eto, E., Kodama, Y., Sasaki, S., Sonoda, N., Nawata, H., Shimabukuro, M., & Takayanagi, R. (2014) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc13-1886 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationNinomiya, T., Kojima, I., Doi, Y., Fukuhara, M., Hirakawa, Y., Hata, J., Kitazono, T., & Kiyohara, Y. (2013) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0b013e32835c5c23 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationMotobe, K., Tomiyama, H., Koji, Y., Yambe, M., Gulinisa, Z., Arai, T., Ichihashi, H., Nagae, T., Ishimaru, S., & Yamashina, A. (2004) · Circulation Journal · doi:10.1253/circj.69.55 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationthe Shinken Database Study Group, Nakamura, M., Yamashita, T., Yajima, J., Oikawa, Y., Sagara, K., Koike, A., Kirigaya, H., Nagashima, K., Sawada, H., et al. (2010) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2010.126 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationYoshida, M., Mita, T., Yamamoto, R., Shimizu, T., Ikeda, F., Ohmura, C., Kanazawa, A., Hirose, T., Kawamori, R., & Watada, H. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-1333 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationon behalf of the J-TOPP Study Group, Munakata, M., Konno, S., Miura, Y., & YOSHINAGA, K. (2012) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2012.53 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationMunakata, M., SAKURABA, J., Tayama, J., et al. (2005) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1291/hypres.28.9 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationKawai, T., Ohishi, M., Onishi, M., Ito, N., Takeya, Y., Maekawa, Y., & Rakugi, H. (2012) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.15040 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Self-citationShoji, T., Maekawa, K., Emoto, M., Okuno, S., Yamakawa, T., Ishimura, E., Inaba, M., & Nishizawà, Y. (2009) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.013 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of Arterial Stiffness with Silent Cerebrovascular Lesions: The Ohasama Study
Hatanaka, R., Obara, T., Watabe, D., Ishikawa, T., Kondo, T., Ishikura, K., Aikawa, T., Aono, Y., Hara, A., Metoki, H., et al. (2011) · Cerebrovascular Diseases · doi:10.1159/000322599 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationIshisone, T., Koeda, Y., Tanaka, F., Sato, K., Nagano, M., & Nakamura, M. (2013) · International Heart Journal · doi:10.1536/ihj.54.160 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationKohara, K., Ochi, M., Okada, Y., Yamashita, T., Ohara, M., Kato, T., Nagai, T., Tabara, Y., Igase, M., & Miki, T. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.940 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, Olkin I, Williamson GD, Rennie D, Moher D, Becker BJ, Sipe TA, Thacker SB. Meta-analysis of observa- tional studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. JAMA. 2000;283:2008-2012.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Mancia, G., Kreutz, R., Brunström, M., Burnier, M., Grassi, G., Januszewicz, A., Muiesan, M. L., Tsioufis, K., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Algharably, E. A. E., et al. (2023) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003480 · Cited by 3,473 · see citing works
2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension
McEvoy, J. W., McCarthy, C. P., Bruno, R. M., Brouwers, S., Canavan, M. D., Ceconi, C., Christodorescu, R. M., Daskalopoulou, S. S., Ferro, C. J., Gerdts, E., et al. (2024) · European Heart Journal · doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178 · Cited by 2,298 · see citing works
Kinoshita, M., Yokote, K., Arai, H., Iida, M., Ishigaki, Y., Ishibashi, S., Umemoto, S., Egusa, G., Ohmura, H., Okamura, T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis · doi:10.5551/jat.gl2017 · Cited by 813 · see citing works
Self-citationMachine-knitted washable sensor array textile for precise epidermal physiological signal monitoring
Fan, W., He, Q., Meng, K., Tan, X., Zhou, Z., Zhang, G., Yang, J., & Wang, Z. L. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay2840 · Cited by 516 · see citing works
Dregan, A., Rayner, L., Davis, K. A. S., Bakolis, I., Arias de la Torre, J., Das-Munshi, J., Hatch, S. L., Stewart, R., & Hotopf, M. (2020) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.4712 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Lee, E. K., Poon, P., Yu, C., Lee, V. W., Chung, V. C., & Wong, S. Y. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Hypertension · doi:10.1111/jch.14482 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ohkuma, T., Ninomiya, T., Tomiyama, H., Kario, K., Hoshide, S., Kita, Y., Inoguchi, T., Maeda, Y., Kohara, K., Tabara, Y., Nakamura, M., Ohkubo, T., Watada, H., Munakata, M., Ohishi, M., Ito, N., Nakamura, M., Shoji, T., Vlachopoulos, C., Yamashina, A., Nagano, M., Yukiyo, O., Kabutoya, T., Asayama, K., Takashima, N., Chowdhury, T. T., Mitsuki-Shinohara, K., & Yamashita, T.
- Affiliations
- Kyushu University (JP)
- Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital (JP)
- Jichi Medical University (JP)
- Teikyo University (JP)
- Shiga University of Medical Science (JP)
- Department of Family Medicine, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
- Osaka City University (JP)
- Cardiovascular Institute Hospital (JP)
- ORCID
- Ohkuma, Toshiaki
- Ninomiya, Toshiharu
- Tomiyama, Hirofumi
- Kario, Kazuomi
- Hoshide, Satoshi
- Kita, Yoshikuni
- Inoguchi, Toyoshi
- Maeda, Yasutaka
- Tabara, Yasuharu
- Nakamura, Motoyuki
- Ohkubo, Takayoshi
- Watada, Hirotaka
- Nakamura, Michinari
- Shoji, Tetsuo
- Vlachopoulos, Charalambos
- Kabutoya, Tomoyuki
- Asayama, Kei
- Yamashita, Takeshi
- Venue
- Hypertension
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1045-1052
- ISSN
- 0194-911X (ISSN-L)
- 1524-4563
- OpenAlex
- W2775143001
- Cited by
- 541
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 76 · 2022: 80 · 2021: 80 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 9
- FWCI
- 30.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Hypertension (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (17H04123)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Keywords
- brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity, cardiovascular risk prediction, arterial stiffness, Framingham risk score, cardiovascular events, Japanese population, risk stratification, net reclassification improvement
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Brachial Artery, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Cohort Studies, Proportional Hazards Models, Survival Analysis, Age Distribution, Sex Distribution, Risk Assessment, Ankle Brachial Index, Vascular Stiffness, Pulse Wave Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
