Cited by 149Cerebrovascular and genetic disordersNeurological Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsDementia and Cognitive Impairment Research

Inflammation and white matter damage in vascular cognitive impairment

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Rosenberg, Gary A.·2009·Stroke

Abstract

Vascular cognitive impairment is a term used to describe a heterogeneous group of diseases, including large vessel disease with strategic single and multiple strokes and small vessel disease with progressive damage to the deep white matter. Identification of patients with the progressive form of vascular cognitive impairment, referred to by some investigators as Binswanger disease, is important for treatment trials. Pathologically, Binswanger disease is associated with small vessel disease, extensive regions of demyelination, inflammatory cells around damaged blood vessels, and lacunar infarcts. Clinically, patients with Binswanger disease have impairments of gait and balance, focal neurological findings, and executive dysfunction on neuropsychological tests. White matter changes on MRI are thought to be due to hypoxic episodes related to hypoperfusion of the vulnerable deep white matter secondary to hypertension, diabetes, and other vessel diseases. Disruption of the blood–brain barrier suggests an inflammatory response. Matrix metalloproteinases are present in the brain of patients with vascular cognitive impairment and can be measured in the cerebrospinal fluid of some patients. Preliminary studies with quantification of the blood–brain barrier, using the multiple time graphical method (Patlak plots), supports disruption of the blood–brain barrier. Because no single clinical feature or diagnostic test is sufficient to identify patients with the small vessel form of vascular cognitive impairment, we propose that a multimodal approach will be needed to select patients for treatment trials.

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  • Interstitial fluid drainage along perivascular spaces may depend on milking of fluid by pulsation of adjacent arterioles, and this milking could become less effective as arterioles stiffen, for example with SVD.

    “Interstitial fluid drainage along the perivascular spaces may be dependent on ’milking‘ of fluid by pulsation of the adjacent arterioles.139 The ‘milking’ could become less effective as arterioles stiffen e.g. with SVD.139”

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Authors
Rosenberg, G. A.
Affiliations
University of New Mexico (US)
Corresponding author
Rosenberg, Gary A.
Venue
Stroke
Published
2009-03
Volume
40
Issue
3_suppl_1
Pages
S20-3
ISSN
  • 0039-2499 (ISSN-L)
  • 1524-4628
OpenAlex
W2043595836
Cited by
149
References
26
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI
5.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Stroke (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS052305)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Keywords
vascular cognitive impairment, Binswanger disease, cerebral small vessel disease, inflammation, demyelination, lacunar infarction, blood-brain barrier disruption, matrix metalloproteinases, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, Patlak plot, multimodal diagnosis
MeSH terms
Blood-Brain Barrier, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Humans, Inflammation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Dementia, Vascular, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9

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